• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

Therapeutic ultrasound is commonly applied for deep heating in physical therapy setting. However, it is difficult to determine the exact application dosage and to confirm the immediate heating effect. Microwave Radio-Thermometer (MRT) can measure the temperature by the electromagnetic energy in the microwave region of the object that emits above absolute zero temperature. MRT was used for early diagnosis of breast cancer since it was not harmful, non-invasive, and non-ionizing to the human body. The purposes of this study were to investigate how accurately 1.1 GHz RTM (RES Ltd. Russia) measures the change of average temperature in the tissue, and to determine the depth of temperature change measurement. Therapeutic ultrasound was applied (continuous wave for 5 minutes, 1 MHz, intensity of 1.5 $W/cm^2$ [in vitro] and 1.0 $W/cm^2$ [in vivo]) in four different conditions: (1) 30 cases of in vitro specimen of pork, (2) 30 cases of in vitro specimen of pork ankle joint, (3) 10 cases of in vivo canine thigh, and (4) 30 cases of in vivo human body. Intraclass Correlation Coeffients (ICC[3,1]) between average needle probe thermometer below surface and MRT temperature was revealed as followed: (1) Before ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .8 in specimen of pork (15 mm underneath the skin) and above .82 in specimen of pork ankle joint (10~30 mm underneath the skin). (2) After ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .7 in both specimens of pork and pork ankle joint. (3) Before ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .8 in canine thigh (20 mm underneath the skin). (4) After ultrasound application ICCs ranges above .82 in canine thigh. The temperature of the human body increased significantly with the mean of $15^{\circ}C$ in muscle tissue and with the mean of $3.5^{\circ}C$ in joint (p<.00). It was revealed that the average depth of temperature measurement of the tissue by MRT was in between 10 and 35 mm, and determined that the proper temperature measurement band was $36.5{\sim}37.0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

The use of therapeutic ultrasound(US) in humans with malignant neoplasms has been contraindicated in physical therapy practice. Some studies have shown that results after application of US differ according to tumor type and penetration depth. The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of US on melanoma in mice and to determine treatment dosage. Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice, age 8 weeks. The right flank of all mice was shaved, and a 0.1 ml suspension of cells was injected subcutaneously into the animals' right flank. In this study, 24 subjects were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group 1(n=8), experimental group 2(n=8), control group(n=8). In the experimental group 1, animals received continuous 3 MHZ US treatment, administered at $2.0W/cm^2$ for five minutes. In experimental group 2, animals received continuous 3 MHz US treatment, administered at $1.0W/cm^2$ for 5 minutes. The control group received the same handling as other experimental groups, including rodent chow, water, US gel application but US head pressure without the power turned on. After 10 days treatment, all mice were killed with a potassium solution. Tumors were excised and weighed on an electrical balance and fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. Tumor weights were smaller in experimental group 2(0.3838 g) than in the control group(0.6275 g). Tumor weights of the experimental group 1(0.015 g) were smaller than those of experimental group 2. Continuous therapeutic US decreased the weight of subcutaneous melanoma tumors in mice. The treatment dosage($2.0W/cm^2$) we suggest was more effective than earlier studies on decreasing tumor size with ultrasound.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

The use of therapeutic ultrasound(US) in humans with malignant neoplasms has been contra-indicated in physical therapy practice. Some studies have shown the results after application of US inhibited of tumor growth but some studies have shown the results facilitated of tumor growth in mouse. The purpose of this study were to determine the effects of US on rectal sarcoma(CT-26) in mouse and to determine the histological change of tumor. Thirty-five female BALB/C mouse, age 6 to 8 weeks received subcutaneous injection of 0.1 105 tumor cells. When tumors grew to 5 mm in diameters, the mouse were randomly assigned to control group(n=7) and high powered continuous US group(n=7) and low powered continuous US group(n=7) and high powered pulsed US group(n=7) and low powered pulsed US group(n=7). The experimental group (four groups) received 10 treatments over a 10-day period of 3 MHz ultrasound. Tumor dimension were measured on days 1(start of treatment), 5(midtreatment), and 10(end of treatment, preexcision and postexcision). Tumors were weighed after excision and the mouse were observated histological change of tumor. All tumors grew larger over time. Mean tumor weights(in grams) and volumes(in cubic millimeters) were 2.063 g and $2729.313\;mm^3$ for the high powered continuous US group 1.881 g and $2428.002\;mm^3$ for the low powered continuous US group 1.730 g and $2381.002\;mm^3$ for the high powered pulsed US 1.673 g and $2289.562\;mm^3$ for the low powered pulsed US group 1.670 g and $2297.333\;mm^3$ for the control group. Ultrasound increased the weight and volume of subcutaneous tumor in mouse. We urge caution in the use of ultrasound in the areas of tumors.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2002

Ultrasound has been found useful as a therapeutic modality for the reduction of muscular and tendinous spasm. It has also been utilized for pain and other pathologic conditions through the ability of soundwaves to introduce molecules of chemical substances through the skin by a process. Choice of the transmission medium is very important for effective ultrasound treatment in clinical field. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of various ultrasound conduction media in regard to ultrasound conductivity and degree of absorption, evaporation and of skin irritation. The media used in this study were Antiphlamine, Sacch lotion, Stereogel, Trastgel, Antiphlamine S lotion, and Mentholatum lotion that have been used in clinical medicine. The study revealed that Antiphlamine was not compatible with a good ultrasound transmitter. Other media excluding Antiphlamine were compatible with a good ultrasound conductor, but they had some drawback with their nature of higher absorption, evaporation and skin irritation. The medium that was prepared by mixing of Antiphlamine with Gel in 1 to 10 ratio was a good ultrasound transmitter and extents of absorption and evaporation and of skin irritation of it were less than the other media.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2014

Recently, ultrasound therapy has become a new and effective treatment for many brain diseases. Therefore, skull-mimicking phantoms have been developed to simulate the skull and brain tissue of a human and allow further research into ultrasound therapy. In this study, the suitability of various skull-mimicking materials(HDPE, POM C, Acrylic) for studies of brain-tumor treatments was evaluated using focused ultrasound. The acoustic properties of three synthetic resins were measured. The skull-mimicking materials were then combined with an egg white phantom to observe the differences in the ultrasound beam distortion according to the type of material. High-intensity polyethylene was found to be suitable as a skull-mimicking phantom because it had acoustic properties and a denatured-area shape that was close to those of the skull,. In this study, a skull-mimicking phantom with a multi-layer structure was produced after evaluating several skull-mimicking materials. This made it possible to predict the denaturation in a skull in relation to focused ultrasound. The development of a therapeutic protocol for a range of brain diseases will be useful in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the power output of ultrasound in Korean clinics and compare the value with Korean and global standards. Methods: A total of 69 units were measured for ultrasound power output. The normal range of power output level was ${\pm}30%$ of the output set according to KFDA standards. Device model, manufacturer, ERA, and BNR were obtained via simple questionnaires. A portable ultrasound power meter was used for output measurement. Results: 37 machines, with reported ERA values, were assessed for power output per unit area. Of these machines, 13 (37.14%) were considered to be compliant with US FDA standards at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, $20W/cm^2$ and 18 (51.43%) were considered within KFDA standards. The remainder of the machines were outside the standard error and evidenced irregular output levels, even though most of them were the same model. Conclusion: Appropriate ultrasound intensity is incredibly important for safety and effective use. Therefore, the KFDA standards regarding ultrasound may require revision in light of global standards, including BNR and ERA additionally, attention should be paid to regular calibration for safe use in clinical practice.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2022

This research is to measure real-time temperature distribution inside a tissue-mimicking phantom for the safety and effectiveness evaluations of focused ultrasound (FUS) device capable of linear scanning stimulation. Since the focusing area of the FUS stimulation device is smaller than diameter of conventional thermal probe and keeps moving, it is impossible to monitor temperature distribution inside the phantom. By using the phantom with a thin film temperature sensor array inserted, real-time temperature change caused by the FUS device was measured. The translation of the measured temperature peak was also tracked successfully. The present phantom had been experimentally proven to be applicable to validate the performance and safety of the therapeutic ultrasound devices.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.509-513
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 재사용이 가능한 NIPAM 팬텀의 열적 민감도를 측정하여 조직유사 팬텀의 열변성 특성을 평가하였으며, 초음파 재사용 횟수와 재사용 기간에 따른 음향학적 특성 및 열 변성 형태 특성을 관찰하였다. 측정 결과조사 횟수가 증가함에 따라 NIPAM 팬텀의 음속은 100 m/s 정도 감소하고 감쇠계수는 조금 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에 재사용 기간에 따른 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 초음파 조사에 따른 열변성의 형태 및 크기는 유효할 정도의 변화는 확인되지 않았다. 본 연구를 통하여 NIPAM 팬텀이 반복 조사를 통한 초음파 치료 평가에도 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 유도된 발목 근피로 시 테이핑, 스트레칭 그리고 초음파가 융합적 균형능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 있다. 건강한 성인 남녀 39명이 본 연구에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 발목 근피로 유발 이후 대상자들은 테이핑, 정적 스트레칭 또는 초음파 그룹으로 무작위 선정되었다. 그리고 각 그룹에 해당하는 중재방법이 적용되었다. 균형 능력은 Space Balance 3D를 이용하여 발목 근피로 전과 후 그리고 중재 후에 측정되었다. 균형능력은 그룹 간 유의한 차이는 없었지만(p>.05), 그룹 내 모두에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.001). 그러므로 발목 근 피로에 테이핑, 정적 스트레칭 그리고 초음파는 융합적 균형능력에 효과적일 것이다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 측정변수 측정과 치료적 중재를 적용하여 치료적 효과를 증명할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.176-188
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• 2002

Objective : Sono-acupoint (SA) therapy is a new therapeutic technique that combined with acupuncture points, herbal medicine and ultrasound therapy. This study was carried out to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of sono-acupoint therapy. Methods : We performed the tail-flick test with normal rats to examine the tail-flick latency (TFL), and the Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model to examine the edema, skin temperature and serum concentration of c-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor (RF). Herbal SA (HSA) treatment was performed at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) with the hanbang-gel made of several selected herbal drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats (male, $250{\pm}30g$). General SA (GSA) treatment was performed at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) with the gel used in ultrasound therapy. In arthritis rat model, Freund's adjuvant (50mg/ml) was injected in dorsal part of right foot, and these treatments were performed after 15 days. Results : TFL was lengthened after SA treatments. Skin temperature and RF concentration that were the evidence of arthritis in rats were decreased by HSA treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion : These results indicate that HSA has the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in rats, and further developments will produce the advance of this new therapeutic skill.