• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of Therapeutic Play Program on the pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers. The design of this study is a quasi experimental study of non-equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design. Method: The subjects of this study were the hospitalized preschoolers receiving an operation in C University Hospital. These totalled 60 and were divided into a 30-person-control-group and a 30-person-experimental-group. The data was collected from June 1 to October 5, 2002. The Experimental treatment was carried out according to Therapeutic Play Program developed by Researcher. The instruments used in this study were the observational records for Hospitalized preschooler's Anxiety behavior response, pulse rate, and respiration rate of the preschooler's. The collected data were analyzed with real numbers, percentage, t-test, and $X^2$-test, using SPSS WIN 11.0 program. Result: Hypothesis, "The experimental group provided with a Therapeutic Play Program would show a lower score of the pre-operative anxiety behavior(t=13.79, p=.00), pre-operative pulse(t=4.50, p=.00) and pre-operative respiration rate(t=4.29, p=.00) response than when the control group was not provided", was supported. Conclusion: Therapeutic Play Program is determined to be useful for reducing Pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2011

This study has its own goal to deliver the accurate dose on the target volume by calculating and modifying the attenuation rate of photon beam transmitting the couch top with geometric model. The experiment was that the transmission rate and attenuation rate of photon beam transmitting the couch top was predicted by the geometric model, then compared and analyzed with what was measured experimentally based on that. The result showed that the predicted value by the geometric model accorded closely with the experimental value. In addition, in order to judge whether the practical clinical application is available, the point dose, measured after modifying the attenuation rate modelinged according to the treatment plan of a patient of spine radiosurgery, was compared with the one done nothing. The result was that the former showed decreased error range with treatment planned one than the latter. This papers calculated the transmission and attenuation rate with the geometric model transmitting the couch top and verified it experimentally. This method is expected to be very useful in not only the radiosurgery using Novalis but also the general radiation therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1989

From Feb.1985 to Feb.1988,76 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung treated at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology in Kyungpook National University Hospital were available for the analysis of this study. All patients received radiation of 4000cGy-6600cGy with curative aim. The overall rate of complete response was 25.0% and partial response was 452.6% The complete and partial regression of tumor was 14.3% in patients treated with dose below 5000cGy and 84.1% in the group treated with dose above 5000cGy (p<0.01). The complete response was seen only in the group of patients received radiation at least 6000cGy. The patterns of failure were as follows. The rate of initial intrathoracic recurrence was 52.6% in patients with complete response. The overall rate of failure was 68.8%. Distant metastasis was found in 47.4% of patients. Bone, contralateral lung, and brain were common metastatic sites in decreasing order All of the distant metastases and 80% of local recurrences were found within the first year after treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8793-8796
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the influence of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level on therapeutic outcome and diagnosis/prognostic value in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer by biopsy were selected and treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted before treatment to assess VEGF levels, and its relationships with clinicopathological features and short-term therapeutic effects were analyzed. Results: The median VEGF level in 37 patients before treatment was 647.15 (393.35~1125.16) pg/mL. Serum VEGF levels in patients aged <50 years, in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIa~IVa, with lymph node metastasis and tumor size >4 cm were significantly increased (P<0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate was 48.7% (18/37), partial remission (PR) rate was 35.1% (13/37), stable disease (SD) rate was 13.5% (5/37) and progressive disease (PD) rate was 2.70% (1/37), so the objective remission rate (ORR) after treatment was 83.8% (31/37). Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size and serum VEGF level before treatment were independent risk factors affecting the therapeutic outcome, and the higher the level of serum VEGF, the worse the prognosis when tumor size>4 cm. Some 56.8% of patients manifested with myelosuppression, 37.8% with leucopenia, 24.3% with thrombocytopenia, 5.41% with diarrhea, 46.0% with nausea and vomiting, 21.6% with hair loss and 8.11% with hepatic and renal injury during the treatment. Conclusions: Serum VEGF level may reflect the degree of malignancy of cervical cancer and predict therapeutic effect, which is of great importance to cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.249-262
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• 2011

Since May 1st in 2008, the products of ginkgo biloba extract have had to be used with the patient's out-of-pocket payment due to reimbursement restriction guidelines. This study aims to analyze the policy effects of reimbursement restriction on pharmaceutical expenditures using interrupted time series(ITS) analysis. We retrieved monthly NHI claims data for the period between May, 2005 and December 2009. The ingredients identified as a substitute for ginkgo biloba have similar indications based on the similar pharmacological activities. The effects of changes in reimbursement scope were evaluated both for all relevant pharmaceuticals within the same therapeutic class and for 2 separate groups : ginkgo biloba's and its substitutes. According to the study results, restrictions on reimbursement scope resulted in savings of the drug expenditures in the targeted therapeutic class. Direct restriction on ginkgo biloba was associated with a decrease in expenditure level by 60.1% and changes in trend from an average increase rate of 1.4% to an average decrease rate of 1.5% for the therapeutic class, with a dramatic decrease in expenditure level(-191.5%) for ginkgo biloba itself, but with an increased expenditure level(+50.1%) and changes in trend from an average increase rate of 2.0% to an average decrease rate of 1.0% for the substitute group. Further policy to restrict nicergoline was associated with additional decrease in expenditure level for the therapeutic class. Additionally, we could identify the balloon effect - a new policy squeezing one part results in bulging out elsewhere. After the restriction of ginkgo biloba, the utilization of and expenditures on its substitutes increased significantly. In conclusion, we demonstrated that consecutively introduced policies effectively reduced overall expenditures on the therapeutic class of interest. Some ingredients played as a substitute while others did not. Further studies need to be conducted to identify which factors determine a substitute.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 1988

Esophageal cancers are highly malignant neoplasms. Prognosis of esophageal cancer treated by external irradiation alone is rather poor because of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Recently intracavitary irradiation has been used as a boost therapy after external irradation to optain better local control. One case of esophageal cancer has been treated by high dose rate remote-controlled afterloading unit as boost therapy after external irradiation. The result was excellent in short term follow up esophagogram but esophageal bleeding and esophagotracheal fistula were noted in further follow up examination after inappropriate posttreatment management including insufficient chemotherapy due to poor general condition. We reviewed possible causes of esophageal bleeding and esophagotracheal fistula after external irradiation and high dose rate ICR.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

Total of 53 patients of unresectable and recurrent rectal cancer treated with neutron beam during the period from Oct.1987 to Apr.1992 were analyzed. Dose fractionation for the neutron only group was 1.5 Gy per fraction,3 fraction per week,21 Gy/41/2 wks for 42 patients out of 53 ($76{\%}$). Neutron only but modified fractionation schedule ($10{\%}$ more or less of total dose) was applied for 9 patients, and mixed beam (neutron boost) was for 4 patients, Complete tumor response was obtained in 40 patients ($76{\%}$, response rate). Local control rate was 28 out of 53 ($53{\%}$). Statistically significant better prognostic factors for local control were age below 49 years old (15/22, $68{\%}$) than above 50 years old (13/31, $42{\%}$), male (20/32, $63{\%}$) than female (8/21, $38{\%}$), tumor size less than 5 cm and non-metastatic (16/24, $67{\%}$) than size more than 5 cm or metastatic (12/29, $41{\%}$). Major complication had developed in 7 patients ($13{\%}$). Two year overall survival rate by Kaplan-Meier method was $30{\%}$, but it was rised to, $47{\%}$ when the turner was less than 5 cm non-metastatic.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 1984

To assess the result of radiation therapy for fifteen fears experience, a total of 125 cases of pathologically proven supraglottic laryngeal cancer had been analyzed according to patient survival retrospectively. All the patients had been treated with radiation therapy in curative aim using Co-60 teletherapy machine. The results are as follows ; 1. According to AJCC staging, five year survival rate was $58.3\%$ in stage I, $44.4\%$ in II, $31.8\%$ in II, and $28.6\%$ in IV. 2. According to T-staging, five year survival rate was $57.1\%$ in T1, $40.5\%$ in T2, $34.0\%$ in T3, and $19.0\%$ in T4. 3. According to N staging, five year survival rate was $43.5\%$ in negative node group and $26.8\%$ in positive node group. 4. According to the histologic grade, the better in differentiation, the more in number of cases and the better in prognosis. 5. In summary, five year actuarial survival rate was $37.3\%$ and ten year surrival rate was $34.2\%$, and ten year survivors totalled 16 cases.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1994

Seventy-nine patients with carcinoma of maxillary antrum treated at the department of therapeutic radiology, Kosin Medical Center, between June 1980 and December 1980 were analyzed retrospectively for survival rate and treatment failure. Forty-three patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and thirty-six patients were treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy. The overall 5 year survival rate was 32$ \% $, patients that were treated with radiotherapy alone had a 5-year survival rate of 23$ \% $, and patients who were treated with combination of surgery and radiotherapy had a 5-year survival rate of 42$ \% $. 54 patients(68.4$ \% $) failed to be cured. Among these 54 patients,37 patients(08.5$ \% $) had only locoregional failure, 16 Patients(29.6$ \% $) had locoregional failure and distant metastases and 1 patient had only distant metastasis. From above study combination of surgery and radiotherapy might be a better treatment modality for carcinoma of the maxillary antrum.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1985

To assess the result of radiation therapy for fifteen years experience, a total of 81 cases of pathologically proven vocal cord cancer had been analysed according to patient survival retrospectively. All the patients had been treated with radiation therapy using Co-60 teletherapy unit in curative aim. The results are as follows ; 1. According to AJCC staging, (ive year survival rate was $75.0\%$ in stage I, $73.1\%$ in stage II, $36.0\%$ in stage III, and $20.0\%$ in stage IV. 2. According to T-staging, five year survival rate was $75.0\%$ in T1, $73.1\%$ in T2, $24.3\%$ in T3, and $25.0\%$ in T4. 5, According to nodal status, five year survival rate was $59.4\%$ in negative node group and $14.2\%$ in positive group. 4. According to the histologic grade, the better in differentiation, the more in number of cases and the better in prognosis. 5. In summary, five year actuarial survival rate was $55.5\%$ and ten year survival rate was $49.8\%$ and ten year survivors totalled 12 cases.