• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

We investigated the optimal culture conditions for Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line by determining the effects of medium pH and of selected supplements on the development of C. muris. The optimum pH of the culture medium required for the development of C. muris was determined to be 6.6. The number of parasites significantly increased during cultivation for 72 hr (p < 0.05) at this level. On the other hand, numbers decreased linearly after 24 hr of incubation at pH 7.5. When cultured in different concentrations of serum, C. muris in media containing 5% FBS induced 4-7 times more parasites than in 1% or 10% serum. Of the six medium supplements examined, only 1 mM pyruvate enhanced the number of C. muris in vitro. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed the developmental stages of C. muris in the cytoplasm of the cells, not in an extracytoplasmic location. The growth of C. muris in AGS cells provides a means of investigating its biological characteristics and of testing its response to therapeutic agents. However, a more optimized culture system is needed for the recovery of oocysts on a large scale in vitro.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.87-98
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• 1989

영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 고선량율 강내 치료를 받은 53명에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 환자 분포는 40대에서 60대가 42명으로 전체의 79.2%를 차지하였다. 2. 임상적 병기는 Stage-II가 31명으로 58.5%를 차지하였다. 3. 점-A의 선량은 3,501-4,000cGy가 41명으로 전체의 77.4%를 차지하였으며 왼쪽이 많은 경우가 81.2%이었다. 4. 점-B의 선량은 1001-1250cGy가 44명으로 전체의 83%를 차지하였으며 양측 선량의 차이는 400cGy이내였다. 5. 점-A선량에 대한 방광의 선량 비율은 50%미만이 33명이었다. 6. 점-A선량에 대한 하부직장의 선량 비율은 60% 미만이 48명이었다. 7. 점-A선량에 따른 상부 직장의 선량 비율은 60% 미만이 38명이었다. 8. 자궁의 위치는 좌측 편위가 36명으로 전체의 58.9%를 차지하였으며 자궁강의 길이는 4.4cm~5.3cm가 30명으로 30명으로 56.6%를 차지하였다. 9. 자궁의 전후 위치는 중위 및 후굴이 40명으로 75.5%를 차지하였다. 10. 자궁의 위치에 따른 직장 선량의 분포는 후굴 및 중위에서 전굴에 비해서 다소 증가하는 양상을 보였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1994

A new local drug delivery device to treat otitis media (OM) has been developed. This device consists of a biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) film containing antibiotic (ampicillin, AMP), which can be placed into the middle ear cavity and release the therapeutic concentration of AMP for prolonged period. Biodegradable films containing AMP (10 w/w%) were prepared by solution casting method using a suspension of the drug in a $PLLA/CH_{2}Cl_{2}$ solution (molecular weight of PLLA, 100,000 (100 K) and 300,000 (300 K), respectively). PLLA-AMP films were characterized by FTIR, DSC, and SEM. In vitro release of AMP from AMP-PLLA films were examined. The release pattern of AMP from AMP-PLLA films remained consistent from 1 day to 14 days, and the release rates of AMP from AMP-100K-PLLA film and AMP-300K-PLLA film were $0.7384\;{\mu}g/ml/day$, $0.4107\;{\mu}g/ml/day$, respectively.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

목 적 : 국내의 소아에서의 폐구균 혈청형의 분포양상 및 변화를 알아보는 것은 중이염의 예방과 치료 계획을 수립하는 데 있어 매우 중요하다. 단일기관에서의 경험을 토대로 중이염에서의 폐구균의 혈청형 분포양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 세브란스병원에서 중이염으로 진단받은 15세 미만의 소아 중 동반된 이루의 배양검사에서 폐구균이 분리된 경우를 대상으로 혈청형과 항생제 감수성을 알아보았다. 결 과 : 모두 54명의 환아로부터 54개의 검체를 얻었으며 이 들의 연령의 중앙값은 13개월이었고 5세 미만의 환아가 차지하는 비율은 81%였다. 혈청형 빈도는 19A(44%), 19F(28%), 6B(7%), 6A(4%), 9V(4%), 1(4%) 등의 순이었다. 전체 혈청형 중 19A와 19F가 차지하는 비율이 72%이었으며, 특히 5세 미만의 소아에서는 84%나 차지하여 5세 이상 소아에서의 20%에 비해 높은 비율을 보였다.(P<0.001) 연도별 19A나 19F이 차지하는 비율은 차이가 없었으며, 7가 단백결합 폐구균백신 도입 이전과 이후 시기 사이에도 차이가 없었다. 전체 폐구균 중 백신혈청형이 차지하는 비율은 43%이었다. 진단 이전 7가 단백결합 폐구균백신을 접종한 3명의 환아에서 동정된 혈청형은 모두 19A였다. 혈청형 별 항생제 비감수성 폐구균의 비율에서 19A는 다른 비백신혈청형에 비해 페니실린, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 등에 비감수성 비율이 더 높았다. 다제 내성률도 다른 비백신혈청형에서 29%인데 반해 19A에서는 96%였다.(P=0.001) 결 론 : 5세 미만의 중이염 환아의 이루에서 분리된 폐구균 중 19A가 가장 흔한 혈청형이었고 매우 높은 다제 내성률을 보였다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2008

Although inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in host defense mechanism, these overproduction contributes to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as otitis media, hearing loss, periodontitis, bacterial sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from Ji-Pae-San(JPSWE) fomulated with Angelica dahurica plus Fritillaria Verticillata, Angelica dahurica(ADWE), and Fritillaria Verticillata(FUVE) in vitro and in vivo. Each extract inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators(NO, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and prostaglandin $E_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were synergistically increased by their combination. JPSWE also inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6. and $PGE_2$ production as well as COX activity in LPS-stimulated mice. Moreover, JPSWE significantly suppressed death by LPS-septic shock in mice(survival rate: 100%). These results suggest that Ji-Pae-San may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

Objectives: Bio-equivalence(BE) test is important not only to ensure the quality of generic drugs, but also to promote drug substitution under the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice(SPD). This study was intended to investigate the perception of consumers, doctors, and pharmacists on the confidence of bio-equivalence(BE) assured drugs. Methods: Nation-wide telephone interview survey was conducted for 1,018 consumers, 800 doctors, and 806 pharmacists from September to October in 2003. Descriptive analysis and ${\chi}^2$ analysis were conducted. Results: Even though people showed higher confidence level for the Bioequivalent drugs compared with Bio-inequivalent drugs, the confidence was generally low. Among those asked about the therapeutic substitutability of original drugs by BE versions, 95.78% of pharmacists responded "positive", while only 39.33% of consumers and 31.13% of doctors said so. The elderly, the less educated, who takes chronic disease medicine, pays high cost of prescription drugs, and are in the low income responded less aware of that. Also most consumers got information such as effect of drugs from either media or doctors. Conclusions: In order for people to believe that BE drugs and original drugs are equivalent, we need to strengthen health education, and to clarify any misunderstanding. It is also necessary for the national policy to provide accurate information about drugs to the public.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2011

The study of wave propagation and scattering in biological media has become increasingly important in recent years. The propagation of light within tissues is an important problem that confronts the dosimetry of therapeutic laser delivery and the development of diagnostic spectroscopy. In the clinical application of photodynamic therapy(PDT) and in photobiology, the photon deposition within a tissue determines the spatial distribution of photochemical reactions. Scattered light is measured as a function of the distance (r) between the axis of the incident beam and the detection spot. Consequently, knowledge of the photosensitizer(Chlorophyll-a) function that characterizes a phantom is measured. To obtain the results of scattering coefficients(${\mu}s$) of a turbid material from diffusion described by experimental approach. It was measured the energy fluency of photon radiation at the position of penetration depth. From fluorescence experimental method obtained the analytical expression for the scattered light as the values of $(I/I_o)_{wavelength}$ vs the distance between the center of the incident beam and optical fiber in terms of the condition of "in situ spectroscopy(optically thick)" and real time by fluorometric measurements. The result was compromised with transport of intensities though a random distribution of scatters.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of Mugi-hwan (MGH) Water Extract. Methods Cells were treated with 2 ug/ml of LPS 1 hour prior to the addition of MGH. Cell viability was measured by MTS assay. The production of NO was determined by reacting cultured medium with Griess reagent. The expression of COX-2, iNOS and MAPKs was investigated by Western blot, RT-PCR. The content of level of cytokines ($PGE_2$, IL-6, in media from LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells was analyed by ELISA kit. Results MGH inhibited the production of NO, $PGE_2$, IL-6 as well as the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 in the murine macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells. MGH also had suppression effects of LPS induced MAPKs activation. Conclusions These results suggest that MGH has an anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential, which may result from inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, thereby decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2017

Probiotics have been known to reduce high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We recently observed that Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 (LNS1), distinctly suppresses increase of blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. In the present study, we demonstrated that oral administration of LNS1 with HFD feeding to mice significantly reduces hepatic expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis which is highly increased by HFD feeding. This suppressive effect of LNS1 on hepatic expression of PEPCK was further confirmed in HepG2 cells by treatment of LNS1 conditioned media (LNS1-CM). LNS1-CM strongly and specifically inhibited $HNF4{\alpha}-induced$ PEPCK promoter activity in HepG2 cells without change of $HNF4{\alpha}$ mRNA levels. Together, these data demonstrate that LNS1 suppresses PEPCK expression in the liver by regulating $HNF4{\alpha}$ transcriptional activity, implicating its role as a preventive or therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1996

The inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on nitric oxide production is not related to the immunosuppressive action of the drug, but to the renal toxicity and arterial hyper-tension. In this study the experimental interventions to reverse the inhibition of nitric oxide production by cyclosporin A in rat aortic smooth muscle cells were examined. CsA inhibited the accumulation of nitrite, the stable end product of nitric oxide, in culture media in a concentration $(0.1{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml)-dependent$ manner. The inhibitory effect of CsA on nitrite accumulation were not antagonized by arginine (10 mM), a substrate of nitric oxide synthase, nor by calcium ionophore A23187 $(7{\mu}M)$. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, which enhanced iNOS induction at transcriptional level, completely reversed the inhibitory action of CsA on nitrite accumulation. However, PMA (2 nM) and PDB (50 nM), PKC activators, increased the inhibitory action of CsA on nitrite accumulalion. From these results, it is suggested that cyclic AMP-elevating agents may be candidates of therapeutic agents in prevention and treatment of renal toxicity and arterial hypertension induced by CsA. Among conventional antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blockers and ${\alpha}-blockers$ are preferred to ${\beta}-blockers$.