• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper was to introduce sociocultural theory which is a different epistemological perspective from constructivism and to understand the sociocultural theory in a systemic way by providing four specific criteria for a sociocultural theory from the analysis of Vygotsky's ideas. The four criteria are the followings: first, the origin of learning is not at the individual level, but at the social. Second, Learning takes place in a sociocultural framework through ZPD and there exists the stage of pseudo concept before it gets to a true concept. Third, a clear focus on action, especially mediated action, and the concept of psychological tools should be discussed in the boundary of a sociocultural theory. Fourth, actors in a learning process are not an individual child alone. In consequence, the role of adults, particularly teachers, are significant in a child's learning, and this fact provides a great potential for the active role of teachers in the students' learning of mathematics from the sociocultural perspective.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2006

This paper describes a methodology for conducting Community Nutrition research with rather than on people in a community to generate grounded theory. This collaborative grounded theory methodology incorporates local knowledge and wisdom and builds community leadership capacity through engaging community-based professionals and para-professionals in the research process. In addition to building capacity for participation and leadership in research, education and action, this approach can increase the validity and value of the research and facilitate its application in community led programs. The methodology has five components: background, study design, data gathering, data analysis and interpretation, and application of findings in community programming. Three stages of the data analysis component focus sequentially on each interview independently, comparing across interviews, and systematically testing theory developed in the first two.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.287-307
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• 2003

This study analyzed the concept of equal symbol(=) that is the most symbol used in learning of mathematics and investigated students' understanding of that. The equal symbol is endowed with the 'same', 'equal', and 'equivalent' meaning, represented by =, but students interpret the meaning of equal symbol according to the mathematical con text. Thus, we analyzed the equal symbol on the basis of the theory of conceptual fields. In the theory of conceptual fields, concept is a three-tuple of three sets of situation, operational invariants and symbolic representations, and the operational invariants are the concept-in-action and the theorems- in-action. With the analysis contents, we investigated how students read = by korean, what equals in the expression containing = or by what meaning students used =, and which they could correct the error for =. This study imply that we should consider the symbol notation agreed by mathematical society, the meaning, and the situational context that it used, when we teach the mathematics symbols.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1213-1225
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine psychosocial variables of exercise behaviors for old adults. A major research problem identified through theory of planned behavior and it's empirical data: Do cognitive-social variables(health risk perception, self-efficacy, group conformity, exercise attitude) significantly mediate exercise behaviors(intention, action, maintenance)? A total of 453 older adults above 65 years(171 males and 282 females) who were enrolled in various classes were randomly selected at adults centers in Seoul. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires including the psycho-social variables(health risk perception, self-efficacy, group conformity, exercise attitude) and exercise behaviors(intention, action, maintenance). The results of statistical procedures(e.g., hierarchical multiple regression) indicated self-efficacy and exercise attitude significantly predicted exercise intentions of older adults. Exercise intention was a significant predictor of action, and action was a significant predictor of exercise maintenance. In discussion, various psycho-social mechanisms were provided to interpret the results of this study, and future directions were suggested.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.531-549
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• 2013

Action games exhibit all the specific constellation of masochism, such as disavowal, suspense, waiting, fetishism, and fantasy. These characteristics of action games can be analyzed with respect to masochism. This study conducted an analysis excluding sadism as much as possible, as sadism is a result of etiological misconception as opposed to masochism. However, comparative analysis is included in the study so that action games are not seen as demonstrating sadism. Games create a space for virtual interaction for main agents by connecting gamer-existence and game-character in the framework of a contract. The interaction of visual tactility within this space creates a system of difference in pleasure. Masochism enables one to attain pleasure in a world created himself or herself using fetishism in contractual relationships such as the ones exhibited in games. This shows that action games and masochism are mutually related. This paper analyzed the ontology of action games using actual examples of action games. The paper concluded that action games lead to the fulfillment of masochistic pleasure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1502-1508
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• 2013

In aspect of HCI(Human Computer Interaction) gameplay is the procedure to solve the problem that gamers encounter in order to generate or discover a new rule to achieve gamers' goal. The goal of this research is to investigate the structure and understand the gameplay in aspect of affordance from ecological psychology rather than the traditional problem solving theory. This research selects App. game based on smart phone. Expert gamers participated in this experiment. We record all gameplay using audio and video device. We conducted protocol analysis as qualitative method based on the verbal report and action protocol during game playing. As result, gameplay based on affordance includes selection and relation. We found that subjects selected one thing at once with attention. Moreover, we found that there were two behaviors : exploratory action and performatory action. We believe that exploration, action, and transformation for affordance appear. The result of this research imply to suggest design guideline for game design methodology when designers develop game.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1183-1197
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• 2006

Let X be a smooth, closed, connected spin 4-manifold with $b_1(X)=0$ and signature ${\sigma}-(X)$. In this paper we use Seiberg-Witten theory to prove that if X admits a spin alternating $A_4$ action, then $b^+_2(X)$ ${\geq}$ |${\sigma}{(X)}$|/8+3 under some non-degeneracy conditions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

Purpose - e-Commerce is now one of the alternatives in shopping. Ease of Use and convenience aspects are the main supporting reasons that e-commerce is a trend for most people today. This study examines the relationship between the theory of technology to consumer behavior in using e-commerce applications. Research design, data, and methodology - The number of samples in this study was 600 samples from four major e-commerce made in Indonesia. The research method of this study Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS and SPSS applications as analysis tools. Results - The results of this study state that most hypotheses support prior research and grand theory. On the other hand, the components of technology acceptance theory are mostly able to moderate variable consumer behavior in the digital era. Conclusions - The combination of essential elements of technology theory are oriented to the fundamental aspects of human beings as social beings. The most important thing for the development of the e-commerce industry to develop and be sustainable is the obligation to increase consumer confidence. The combination of components of technology theory and CCT can be a comprehensive marketing strategy and innovation to competitive advantage in the future.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 1998

The Theory of Planned Behavior has been shown to yield great explanatory power in health behavior as well as social behavior. This study was conducted to test the Theory of Planned Behavior in the prediction and intention of smoking cessation behavior in university student smokers. We conveniently sampled 204 university student smokers and investigated using questionaries, analyzing the data with the Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results are as follows : 1. There are significant correlations in direct and indirect measures of attitude toward smoking cessation behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. 2. Behavior belief is significant in predicting attitudes toward smoking cessation behavior. Normative belief is significant in predicting the subjective norm. Control belief is significant in predicting perceived behavioral control. 3. Attitude toward smoking cessation behavior, subjective norm are significant in predicting intention of smoking cessation behavior. In conclusion, this study demonstrated strong support for the Theory of the Planned Behavior and its use to predict smoking cessation behavior in university students smokers. But, as perceived behavioral control is not significant in predicting smoking cessation behavior, indepth research is needed to evaluate the usefullness of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action Theory.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2021

This paper presents the ISRI (Information Systems Research Indicators) Web tool, publicly and freely available at isri.sciencesphere.org. Targeting Information Systems (IS) researchers, it compiles and organizes IS adoption and use theories/models, constructs, and indicators (measuring variables) available in the scientific literature. Aiming to support the IS theory development process, the purpose of ISRI is to gather and systematize information on research indicators to help researchers and practitioners' work. The tool currently covers eleven theories/models: DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model (D&M ISS); Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI); Motivational Model (MM); Social Cognitive Theory (SCT); Task-Technology Fit (TTF); Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); Technology-Organization-Environment Framework (TOE); Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB); Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB); Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA); and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). It also includes currently over 400 constructs, nearly 2,500 indicators, and about 60 application contexts related to the models. For the creation of the tool's database, nearly 580 references were used.