• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.49
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• pp.49-71
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• 2013

Melodrama emerged as a form of the moral in the early modern age. As an approach 'the moral' not only means that rewarding virtue and punishing vice, but also refer to a principle of spiritual life and a way of life. -Melodrama theatricalizes a new vision of human life and society through a new type of the virtuous protagonist and sentiment/-ality. -This allows melodrama to be a dominant cultural form in this modern age, beyond the borders of the theater, mass-media, and literature. Virtue and sentiment/-ality are the core elements of melodrama, which differentiate it from tragedy and comedy especially in the structure and effect of the drama. Actually virtue and sentiment/-ality have been a main target of criticism. Virtue has been regarded as a trite quality of the stereotypical protagonist, and sentiment/-ality as a banal emotion which paralyzes an audience's recognition of reality. -However, this thesis regards both virtue and sentiment/-ality as vehicles for showing and sharing the morals of the modern age. First, the virtues of the protagonist included the general and universal ones of the bourgeois -at that times, the bourgeois represented themselves as a human being- such as the responsibility and obedience of a father, a mother, a wife, a husband, a daughter and a son. They also included the professional ethics such as courage, honesty, and justice and so on. The fall or salvation of the protagonist is largely determined by his/her private individual virtue. Second, sentiment/ality is a theatrical device that makes the audience internalize the protagonist's virtue. The protagonist expresses his/her universal virtue sentimentally, and the audience also expresses their virtue by sympathizing with the protagonist's virtue sentimentally. However, the melodramatic protagonist as an individual, is not connected with society, but remains isolated. As a result, s/he has no influence on the society, where s/he can only ends her/his play alone with a happy-ending. S/he is happy alone, or at best happy with his/her own family. On the contrary to this, tragic protagonist usually fixes social disorder through his/her fall. In that sense, we can say that melodrama presents only the half of the human life.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.365-389
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• 2014

The essay focuses on the relationship between the soldiers and the oppressed women in Lynn Nottage's Ruined (2009) in terms of Julia Kristeva's abject to show how the abjected Congolese women expose the falsehood of the order and identity that the military forces try to construct and maintain by war and violence. According to Kristeva, the abject is something that is rejected for the repulsion and horror it arouses but constantly draws the subject to it at the same time. Physically impaired and socially stigmatized, sexually abused Congolese women find a shelter in Mama Nadi's bar, the only place where they can continue their lives as the abject since the place, like the women themselves, lies outside the symbolic order occupied and corrupted by the men of DRC. Although the men involved in the armed conflict have abjected the women in pursuit of their own system and order, the women are not simply the objects of abuse and oppression. The men have to rely on Mama Nadi and her women not only to reaffirm their identity and power by suppressing them but also to fulfill their biological needs. In addition, the women's resistance against the soldiers demonstrates their power to challenge the men's symbolic order and expose its frailty. Apropos of the abject's resistance, various artistic genres such as poetry, music and dance appear in the play as an escape from the grim reality and a means of challenging and transcending the symbolic order. Bringing all these artistic elements together into a powerful piece of theatre-often considered as an 'abject' genre nowadays, Nottage demonstrates both the power of theatre as well as the tenacious Congolese women.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2019

There are many eyes that recognize Korean traditional performing arts as low, unorganized, and not a play. However, there is clear in the Korean traditional performing arts have a story with a perfect narrative structure. From the Miyal which accepts the Western tragedy theory to the Gangneung Gwanno Mast drama which contains the love story of the comedy, many Korean traditional performances contain the elements of narrative even though the contents are very simple. It is true that there are very few things with perfect narrative structure among the Korean traditional performance that has been passed down so far. It is the responsibility of the researchers to unearth and restore these, and it is the task of the creative artists to create new ones according to contemporary philosophy. If these two fields communicate smoothly, we will be able to look at the future of our traditional performing arts more brightly than now. As a result, it will also be a challenge to solve the problem of letting Korean traditional plays penetrate ing the world market.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.23
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• pp.213-243
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• 2011

Under copyright law, the writer' work is clearly protected, and any later producer who wishes to mount a copyrighted play or musical must obtain a license from the author, which may involve sharing royalties from the subsequent production with the author. Generally, directors do not explicitly enjoy similar legal protection for their creative input into a finished production. This Article explores the unsettled issue of copyright protection for stage direction in America. Firstly, it presents a few lawsuits on behalf of stage direction issues. It examines whether stage directions are possible for copyright protection through some pieces of articles. It looks at the contract form made by SSDC which is national labor union representing stage directors and choreographers. After all, I insist we acknowledge the copyright law and the value of copyright protection for stage directors' creative input into a performing arts production. We should devise the contract forms for stage directors which are to be applicable for each situations of productions.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.32
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• pp.489-524
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• 2016

This study examines the birth of a genre, the $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$ Misemono Opera, focusing on how it accepted and modernized Katarimono $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$. Unlike earlier studies, it argues that Terayama was clearly different from other first-generation Angura artists, in that he rebirthed the medieval story $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$ as a modern Misemono Opera. Shintokumaru (1978) was directed by Terayama $Sh{\bar{u}}ji$, a member of the first generation of Japan's 1960s Angura Theatre Movement. It takes as its subject the Katarimono $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$ Shintokumaru, a story set to music that can be considered an example of the modern heritage of East Asian storytelling. $Sekky{\bar{o}}$ Shintokumaru is set in Tennoji, Japan. The title character Shintoku develops leprosy as a result of his stepmother's curse and is saved through his fiancee Otohime's devoted love and the spiritual power of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. In this work, Terayama combined the narrative style of $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$ with J.A. Caesar's shamanistic rock music and gave it the subtitle 'Misemono Opera by $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$'. He transforms its underlying theme, the principle of goddesses and their offspring in a medieval religious world and the modori (return) instinct, into a world of mother-son-incest. Also, the pedestrian revenge scene from $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$ is altered to represent Shintokumaru as a drag queen, wearing his stepmother's clothes and mask, and he unites sexually with Sensaku, his stepbrother, and ends up killing him. The play follows the cause and effect structure of $Sekky{\bar{o}}bushi$. The appearance of katarite, a storyteller, propelling the narrative throughout and Dr. Yanagida Kunio is significant as an example of the modern use of self-introduction as a narrative device and chorus. Terayama $Sh{\bar{u}}ji^{\prime}s$ memories of desperate childhood, especially the absence of his father and the Aomori air raids, are depicted and deepened in structure. However, seventeen years after Terayama's death, the version of the play directed by Ninagawa Yukio-based on a revised edition by Kishida Rio, who had been Terayama's writing partner since the play's premier-is the today the better-known version. All the theatrical elements implied by Terayama's subtitle were removed, and as a result, the Rio production misses the essence of the diverse experimental theatre of Terayama's theatre company, $Tenj{\bar{o}}$ Sajiki. Shintokumaru has the narrative structure characteristic of aphorism. That is, each part of the story can stand alone, but it is possible to combine all the parts organically.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.52
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• pp.189-228
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to summarize Korea and China's researches on Noh and to examine main domain in this field, by investigating the academic books and articles published in two countries. In 1960s, since Nohgaku has been introduced to China, academic articles on Zeami's theories and aesthetics have emphasized on aesthetic characteristics of Chinese plays and Japanese Nohgaku through the similarities of oriental plays. The number of researches on Kabuki is almost twice as that of researches on Noh in China. While most researches on Kabuki were compared with the styles and music of Pecking Opera and the theatrical theories of liyu[李漁], those on Noh has been highlighted the comparative studies on $Y{\bar{o}}kyoku$[謠曲], Chinese Noh plays. The main difference among the researches on $Y{\bar{o}}kyoku$ in Korea and China was the material regarding characters of Noh. Because song yuanzaju[宋 元雜劇]and Nohgaku in Chinese-Japanese plays were the mature form of the classic plays and those were representative of traditional nation plays, this researches tried to ascertain the cultural origins of two countries regarding the aesthetic characteristics by referencing lyrical and narrative features[曲詞] of yuanzaju[元雜劇]and the classic waka of Nohgaku. While the comparative studies on Noh and song yuanzaju and kunqu[昆劇] in China were prevalent, national researches have emphasized on the inner world of the main character and dramaturgy through the verbal description of Noh. Especially, this research tried to investigate the inner world of the main character and the intention of the writers through the verbal description of Noh authorized in the history of the works. Also, the researches on Buddhism in the Middle Ages and religious background were examined significantly. In addition, the $Y{\bar{o}}kyoku$ has influenced on European modern playwrights and the comparative studies between the materials of $Y{\bar{o}}kyoku$ and Western modern plays were concerned. In Korea, the comparative studies on Noh between Korea abd Japan has been most focused on the origin theory of Noh. The fact that appearance theory of Noh had originated from Sangaku was common opinion among Korean, Chinese, and Japanese scholars. However, they are agree with the opinion that according to the formation of the different genres, Noh's mainstream was different among three countries despite of the same origin. Yuan drama and Noh play have the same origin, but different branch. In relation to the Noh's origin theory, there are literature comparative studies in religious background, the studies presumed the origin of instrumental music related to those in mask plays, and the comparative studies between Korean mask plays and $ky{\bar{o}}gen$ of Nohgaku. Kyogen is the Comedy inserted among the stories in Nohgaku performed in just one day. Therefore, $ky{\bar{o}}gen$ must be discussed separately from the relations of 'shite[任手]'s inner action veiled with masks. This research figured out that the lacking points of the two countries' researches were the acting methods of Noh. Academic articles written by foreign scholars studying Korean and Chinese theatres should be included when this issue will be dealt with. In Korea and China, translation studies and writings regarding Nohgaku have studied by those who are major in Japanese literature or oriental literature. This case is the same in Korea in that scholars whose speciality is not theatre, but Japanese literature has studied. Therefore, this present study can give a good grasp of whole tendency on Nohgaku's research in theatre fields.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.554-565
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• 2018

This study is to think a new arena of collective play culture at the university campus festival for digital generation used to be individually consuming play in cyberspace. While cyberia is virtual cultural space by providing gigantic platforms in which producers and consumers meet, this space has characterized as individuality and disembodiment, that is why recalling the collective play culture at the off-line. This article is to examine the characteristics and meaning of the recent campus festivals during the history of Korean college festivals, and to analyze proposals of play-contents applied by various theories. The 2016-7' proposals include several kind of board game and experimental theatre sublimed philosophical reflection, which shows a kind of attempt to escape from the cultural industrial logic, however they are characterized by Ilinx(drinking culture) and Alea(board game) emphasized more than Agon, and Mimicry combined with paidia rule strongly. Under the neoliberalism, college students' gloomy reality is represented emasculating of the structure of competitions in the context of an unreal world and Mimicry of experience stay in front of the limen before entering the embodiment.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.49-62
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• 2020

Musicals are plays in which songs and dances are closely aligned with the plot development of the play, and songs and dances develop specific situations and a series of events. In particular, songs perform a fuction of causing the significant changes and emotional ventilation and amplification in the play by specifically capturing the goals and actions the characters are aiming for. This paper focuses on the song that takes on the function of the plot deployment, defines songs that embody actions and stories on stage' as 'action songs' and highlights their role and importance. Action Song is not a clearly defined or prescribed term in Musical. However, 'Action Song' is a song about how a character's desire or motivation for action, given as a 'character song' inserted at the beginning of an integrated musical play, provides a conflict that is a central event of action. In other words, 'action song' means a song that organically combines music and narrative by conveying the action on the stage as a song with lyrics. In addition, it is a song that moves the plot forward and contains a series of events or actions that are the material of the plot. This paper is intended to summarize the concept of'Action song which is not well known to us, and to lay the foundation of the stud, learned the concept, function and efficiency by the analyses of script and music of the musical . As a result, action songs accumulate and amplify tension caused by conflicts and induce the audience to immerse in their emotions. At the same time, the action song multiplies fun and interest of the play while the audience's expectation increased for the next scene after the action song and the progression of the play with single action makes the contents of the drama to be understood clearly.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

The stage costume in theater, along with the stage art, is the element that has the biggest visual effect in helping the audience to understand the theater. Nevertheless, in the domestic theater production system, compared with the other public performance products, the stage costume has been rented or purchased due to the lack understanding of the importance of the stage costume and budget problem, and thus the role of the stage costume has been undervalued. Such a phenomenon is more noticeable in the small scale theater. However, in this play White Neutral Nation (Original: Andorra), the production team and the directing team recognized the importance of the costume in the early stage of production, and accordingly lots of efforts, such as staff meetings and budget allocation, were made for the stage costume. As a result, the entire production process of the stage costume could be examined. Recently, performance culture in Korea has made rapid progress and diverse forms of public performances are created and planned. Accordingly, the level of audience has been rising and the interest in the stage costume is also rising. So, it can be said that not only the stage costume but also the production system that makes it are important. This research examined the production process of the stage costume only of the play White Neutral Nation but it is considered necessary to make researches on the production process of the stage costume used for the theater of different themes and public performances of different kinds and to systematize their production process of the stage costume.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2013

It is almost impossible to keep the exact documentations of veterans' works due to the fastidious and convoluted nature of this particular field. The histrorical recordings of Korean Theater in general has been improved due to growing educations of staffs and actors through theatre associated universities But the need of preserving the recordings of veteran actors has not been recognized enough, therefore their precious assets has been lost, which is such a regretful truth. However, with the necessity in mind, the following study is focused on Gil-ho Kim, an actor, playwright, director, and his works on 'Namdo-Mokpo-Plays'. Comparisons will be made, focusing on these plays, between his life as an actor and the meaning of documenting a veteran actor's assets.