• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.335-345
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• 2015

This study was conducted to compare carcass yield and meat quality among four lines of Korean native chickens (Yeonsan Ogye, Hyunin Black, Hoengseong Yakdak and Hwangbong) and White Leghorn as control. Chickens (N=23, male) were grown under same conditions and slaughtered at 56 weeks old to observe the physicochemical differences in breast and leg meats. The live and carcass weights of Hwangbong were significantly higher than other chickens (p<0.05). Four lines of Korean native chickens, regardless of the part, had higher shear force value than White Leghorn (p<0.05). In addition, the breast meat of Korean native chickens had higher cooking loss and lower water holding capacity than that of White Leghorn. The cooked meat of Hwangbong particularly were more chewy, gummy and cohesive with lower tenderness than other chickens (p<0.05). Oleic acid content which is related to meat flavor was significantly higher in the breast meat of Hoengseong Yakdak (39.6%). The meat of Korean native chickens had lower n6/n3 ratio, in which the breast and leg meat of Hoengseong Yakdak contained the lowest ratio (p<0.05). The meat of Hwangbong and Hoengseong Yakdak were more acceptable than the others according to sensory test (p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristic perfusion changes in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome by comparison of the findings of brain MR images and perfusion SPECT images. $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO or $^{99m}Tc$-ECD interictal brain SPECTs were performed on 5 pediatric patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome within 2 weeks after MR imaging. Brain SPECTs of three patients without calcification showed diminished perfusion in the affected area on MR image. A 3 month-old patient without brain atrophy or calcification demonstrated paradoxical hyperperfusion in the affected hemisphere, and follow-up perfusion SPECT revealed decreased perfusion in the same area. The other patient with advanced calcified lesion and atrophy on MR image showed diffusely decreased perfusion in the affected hemisphere, but a focal area of increased perfusion was also noted in the ipsilateral temporal lobe on SPECT. In conclusion, brain perfusion of the affected area of Sturge-Weber syndrome patients was usually diminished, but early or advanced patients may show paradoxical diffuse or focal hyperperfusion in the affected hemisphere. Further studies are needed for better understanding of these perfusion changes and pathophysiology of Sturge-Weber syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2014

RNA interference (RNAi) is the method which controls phenotypes of gene in live cells. Chitinase is the enzyme helping digestion and absorption of old cuticles during the ecdysis of insects. In order to investigate molting-inhibition effect with the chitinase related gene in Spodoptera litura, RNA was extracted from the $5^{th}$ instars. cDNA was synthesized and then we obtained about 700 bp size chitinase. After PCR products were cloned into a pGEM T-easy vector, colonies were picked. DNA was extracted from the colony cultures. EcoR I enzyme was used to check whether PCR products were inserted or not. And then we confirmed vector band of about 3 kb and insert band of about 700 bp. To synthesize the dsRNA, each DNA was cut with Spe I and Nco I enzymes (Circular DNA became lineared DNA). After synthesis of dsRNA, approximately 5 ul dsRNA was injected into the $3^{rd}$ abdominal segment of S. litura $4^{th}$ larvae. The concentration of dsRNA was about $10{\mu}g/{\mu}l$. We confirmed larval-larval molting : there were phenotypically abnormal individuals - for instance malformation, molting inhibition and change of integument color. Pupaadult molting : there were phenotypically abnormal individuals - for instance molting inhibition, change of wings and malformation. Also we could investigate the pupation, emergence and variation about noninjection, treated with DW and dsRNA. Each pupation was non-injection 83.3%, DW 78.3% and dsRNA 66.7%. Each emergence was non-injection 90.0%, DW 72.3% and dsRNA 65.0%. So we considered that chitinase dsRNA induced molting inhibition effect. But each variation was non-injection 8.9%, DW 2.9% and dsRNA 19.2%. Therefore dsRNA group showed the highest variation value. When 18 hours after injecting dsRNA, we could obtain abnormal individual.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2015

Heat conditioning at an early age has been known to help chickens cope with heat stress later in life. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of heat conditioning at 5 days of age in broilers repeatedly exposed to high ambient temperature later in life. A total of 256 day-old Arbor Acre boiler chicks were housed in two identical rooms with a 23-h light/1-h dark cycle and provided with feed and water ad libitum. At 5 days of age, the birds in one room were exposed to $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, while those in the other room served as controls. On day 21, half of the birds in each room were moved into the other room so that each room contained both control and heat-conditioned birds. After a 7-day adaptation period, the birds in one room were exposed to high ambient temperature ($21^{\circ}C{\rightarrow}31^{\circ}C$) for 3 days, whereas those in the other room were kept at normal temperature. The same 3-day exposure to high ambient temperature was repeated two weeks later. Hence, there were four treatment groups (CON+CON: control+control; CON+HS: control+high ambient temperature; HC+CON: heat conditioning+control; and HC+HS: heat conditioning+high ambient temperature). Repeated heat stress resulted in decreased feed intake, water intake, body weight gain, and spleen weight (p<0.05) and increased rectal temperature (p<0.05), mortality, and plasma corticosterone concentrations. The relative weight of the spleen was increased in the heat-conditioned group (p<0.05). Plasma biochemicals were also influenced by high temperature. Thus, no beneficial effects of heat conditioning at an early age were detected in broilers repeatedly exposed to high ambient temperature later in life.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2011

The status and changes of water quality of national fishing harbors and designated ports in East Coast of Korea were analyzed to support establishment effective water environmental management. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) concentration was satisfied to designated water quality criteria in most areas, but TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) exceeded the criteria frequently. Also, peak concentration was summer in COD and SS (Suspended Solid), but winter in TP. Eutrophication index of Ganggu and Pohang (old) area were the highest. Pollution index by function of COD, TN, and TP of Ganggu, Pohang, Jumunjin, and Guryongpo was high with gradual increasing recently, on the contrary, that of Samcheok, Imwon, and Chuksan was decreased. Pollution index involving multi-indictors relation to organics and inorganics was necessary for water quality assessment. Designated water quality criteria needed to be improved because the criteria of Jukbyun and Chuksan was applied more strictly compared to the other regions although without difference of environmental characteristics. Furthermore, the criteria notified lately needed to be related to management pollutants from land-based sources. The continuous diagnosis and monitoring on sediment quality within the study area were necessary for prevention of water pollution and eco-friendly disposal of dredged sediment. Especially, monitoring of Designated Ports was implemented partially, however monitoring ratio of National Fishing Har-bors was 7% to whole part. Therefore, systematic and integrated environmental monitoring for ports and harbors with charge of national management was reestablished by strengthening and securing a legal basis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2004

Purpose and Methods: Urinary tract infection(UTI) is one of the most important diseases of childhood, especially for young infants. To characterize the patients diagnosed with febrile UTI in their first 6 months of life and to explore the risk factors of recurrent UTI, a retrospective study was performed. Results: Among the 90 patients studied, 77 were boys(86%). First episodes of UTI were diagnosed at the age of $2.5{\pm}1.4$ months. These patients underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of urinary tract(n=90) and voiding cystourethrography(n=81) where 53 and 35 studies showed abnormal findings respectively, and a total of 45 cases of urinary tract anomaly including vesicoureteral reflux(VUR, n=35) were diagnosed. Normal findings on ultrasonography indicated decreased risk of VUR in boys of 1-3 months of age(n=30). 53 patients were followed up more than 6 months and 45 episodes of subsequent UTI developed in 29 patients during the first 6-month period. Patients with relapse were older than patients without relapse at the diagnosis of first UTI, but other clinical parameters including abnormal findings on the imaging studies and prophylactic antibiotics prescription were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: UTI in early infancy occurred mainly in male infants and half of the patients had structural anomalies. USG was of clinical value in detecting anomalies requiring surgical intervention, and to rule out high grade VUR in 1-3 months old boys. Results of the imaging study or prophylactic antibiotics could not modify the risk of recurrent UTI. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2004;8:223-228)

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.922-928
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• 2010

There is a little information on the effect of calcium cloride ($CaCl_2$) which is used as deicing salt in Korea on the physiological responses of the street trees. Prunus sargentii is one of the most widespread tree species of street vegetation in Korea. In this study, the effect of $CaCl_2$ on photosynthetic apparatus such as chlorophyll fluorescence image and light response curve of P. sargentii in relation to their leaf and root collar growth responses were investigated. To study the effect of $CaCl_2$ treatment in the early spring, we irrigated twice in rhizosphere of P. sargentii (3-year-old) planted plastic pots with solution of 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% $CaCl_2$ concentration before leaf expansion. Results after treatments, total chlorophyll contents and the chlorophyll a/b, photosynthetic rate, quantum yield, dark respiration decreased with increasing $CaCl_2$ concentration. On the contrary, light compensation point increased with increasing $CaCl_2$ concentration. Through the linear regressions of correlation of photosynthetic rate with photosynthetic parameters (quantum yield, dark respiration and light compensation point), we found a significant relationship (p<0.05) between photosynthetic rate and quantum yield and light compensation point except dark respiration. Calcium cloride ($CaCl_2$) induced inhibition of photochemical efficiency ($F_v/F_M$) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were found in treatments of $CaCl_2$, and these reduction rates between control and CaCl2 treatments were drastically showed at 80 days. We suggest that physiological activities are limited from treatment of $CaCl_2$. These reductions of photosynthetic apparatus ability caused eventually the reduction of leaf and diameter at root collar growth.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2009

Background: A lung hyperinflation, or air trapping, caused by expiratory flow-limitation contributes to dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) has served as an important diagnostic measurement of COPD, but does not correlate with patient-centered outcomes such as dyspnea. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the role of radiologic quantity in evaluating the dyspnea in patients with COPD by measuring lung hyperinflation in chest x-ray and high resolution chest tomography (HRCT). Methods: Fifty patients with COPD were enrolled in this study. Their subjective dyspnea score (modified Borg scale dyspnea index), spirometry, and lung volume were measured. Simultaneous hyperinflations of chest x-ray score ("chest score") and degree of emphysema of HRCT ("HRCT score") were measured. The "chest score" were composed of lung length, retrosternal space width, and height of the arc of the diaphragm and "HRCT score" were composed of severity and extent of emphysema. Results: The mean age of patients was 69 years old and their mean $FEV_1$ was 51.7%. The Borg score significantly correlated with parameters of spirometry and lung volume, including FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, RV, RV/TLC, and DLCO. The Borg score correlated well with "HRCT score", but did not correlate with "chest score". Also, the Borg scale correlates inversely with body mass index. Conclusion: The quantity of emphysema on chest HRCT may serve as an objective marker of dyspnea in patients with COPD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.428-436
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• 2008

This study was carried out to compare the effects of whey protein concentrate, its hydrolysates and macropeptide fractions obtained from papain treatment of whey protein on lipid levels and appetite-related hormones in obesity model rats induced by high fat diet. Four week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high fat (18% w/w) and low protein (10% w/w) diet for 4 weeks and then divided into four groups (n=8/group). Rats were fed high fat diets containing various nitrogen sources; 10% whey protein concentrate (10WPC), 25% whey protein concentrate (25WPC), 25% whey protein hydrolysates (25WH), and 25% whey macropeptide fractions (25WP, MW$\geq$10,000), respectively for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in body weight gain and food intake among groups. A significant decrease of total lipid, triglyceride in serum was observed in 25WH and 25WP groups. Total lipid and triglyceride contents of the liver were significantly decreased in 25WPC, 25WH and 25WP groups compared with 10WPC group. However, in the liver, there were no differences in the contents of total lipid and triglyceride among 25WPC, 25WH and 25WP groups. The daily amounts of feces were significantly increased in 25WH and 25WP groups and the excretion of total lipid and triglyceride were significantly increased in 25WH group. Serum glucose and insulin concentration were significantly decreased in 25WH group. The concentration of serum ghrelin was significantly decreased in the 25WPC, 25WH and 25WP groups compared with 10WPC group. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of serum leptin among groups. These results suggest that whey protein hydrolysates and macropeptide fractions may show beneficial effects on the lipid profile in serum and liver, appetite regulation and insulin resistance in obesity model rats induced by high fat diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.701-707
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• 2008

Antidiabetic effect of Korean red ginseng (RG) processed by puffing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (DM) rats was investigated. Five week-old SD rats were divided into four groups; normal control (NC) group, DM group, red ginseng (RG) group and puffed red ginseng (PG) group. The RG and PG groups were orally provided with RG or PG dissolved in water (500 mg/kg) respectively for seven weeks after single injection of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.v.) followed by identification of DM. NC group received saline vehicle instead of STZ. At the end of feeding of RG or PG, the changes of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and amylase level and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. Also, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), comet assay and histopathological examination were performed. At 7th week, the fasting blood glucose levels of the RG and PG groups were reduced compared to the DM group by 11.54% and 20.22%, respectively. The result of OGTT did not show significant differences among DM and two red ginseng groups. While serum insulin and TG levels were predominantly improved in PG group (p<0.05), serum amylase level was increased in RG group. Alkaline comet assay for checking the oxidative damage of DNA showed that TL (tail length, ${\mu}m$) and TM (tail moment) in the blood lymphocyte of PG group significantly decreased in contrast with DM group. Histopathological results of pancreas showed that destruction of exocrine as well as endocrine might be cured by the administration of RG and PG. These results suggest that PG could exert more protection against STZ-induced toxicity than RG group.