• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Objectives : Peucedani Radix ('Jeonho' in Korean) is the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum or Angelica decursiva. However, the root of Anthriscus sylvestris has usually been distributed as Jeonho. This study was performed to determine the discriminative criteria of Jeonho, focused on distribution in Korean markets. Methods : We have determined identification keys to discriminate each Jeonho samples, through observation of external morphology of original plants, and the research of external and internal morphological features of dried Jeonho herbs. Results : Because of identical to the Korean plant name 'Jeonho', Anthrisci Radix had been came into use as a substitute of Jeonho in Korea during the time of Japanese colonial rule. The original plants of Jeonho and its substitute are discriminated with shape of leaf, leaf margin and color of stem. External morphological features of the medicinal herbs of Jeonho are different in the color of cross-sections, pellucid dot, white powder. Internal morphological points, such as fiber bundle of xylem, seconadary mudullary ray and ray of xylem were also used as discriminative criteria for Jeonho. Further details(e.g. identificaion keys) are in the article. Conclusions : We think that these discriminative criteria will be meaningful in identifying the substitutes and adulterants of Jeonho.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.43
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• pp.229-261
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• 2021

On the musical stage in 2019, there were many works depicting the Japanese colonial period. This is due to 2019 the timeliness of the March 1st Movement and the centennial of the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. The way of remembering and commemorating historical facts reflects the power relationship between memory subjects and the time, namely the politics of memory. Until now, stage dramas dealing with the era of Japanese rule have focused on the commemoration of modern national and national defense, including feelings of misfortune and respect for patriots. This study analyzed the metaphor of the memorials emphasized to the audience in the commemorative musicals Shingheung Military School, Ku: Songs of the Goblin, and Watch which were performed in 2019, and looked at how to adjust memories and memorials. The above works highlight the narratives of ordinary people as well as those recorded against the backdrop of the Manchurian Independence Movement and Hongkou Park, expanding the object of the commemoration. Through this, active armed resistance efforts, self-reflection and reflection were highlighted. The case of Shingheung Military School revealed the earnestness of ordinary people who led the independence movement through the movement of central figures. Ku: Songs of the Goblin revises memories by reproducing forgotten objects and apologizing through time slip. Watch has strengthened the spectacles of facilities through documentary techniques such as photography, news reels, and newspaper articles, but it also reveals limitations limited to records. In the 3.1 Movement and the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, devices that actively reveal that the "people's movement" is connected to the present. To this end, the official records reflected the newly produced values and memories and devoted themselves to the daily lives and emotions of the crowd. In addition, both empirical consideration and calligraphy were utilized to increase reliability. These attempts are meaningful in that they have achieved the achievement of forming contemporary empathy.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

The etymology of the Chinese words for “Asian Dust" in Korea. China, and Japan has been investigated using historical records and the research results of Quan (1994) and Wada (1917) The results show that the words for Asian Dust in Korea can be found in $\boxDr$Samguksagi$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Korysa$\boxUl$ and $\boxDr$Chosunwangjosillok$\boxUl$, which are histrorical books of Korea. In 174 AD, during the reign of King Adalla of the Silla Dynasty, “Dust Fall” was employed to describe a descending substance in the atmosphere other than water droplets (Wada, 1917; Chun et al., 2001). The terms “Dust Fall”, “Dust rain” and “Mud” were commonly used until the end of the 19th century. It was not until Japanese colonial rule (1910~1945) that “Yellow Sand” was used in Korea. The documentation on Asian Dust started far earlier in China. “Dust Fall” records were compiled as early as 1150 BC. At that time, Asian Dust was written as “Dust Fall” or “Mud”. “Yellow Sand” was recorded in 550 AD in China, however, it seems that its use was not as common as “Dust Fall”. In Japan, the first report related to Asian Bust was made in 807 AD : it used the phase “Yellow Rain”. “Mud” was recorded in 1596 and “Dust Fall” was employed in 1633 (Wada, 1917). “Yellow Sand” was used in 1939 as the title of a Japanese research paper.aper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.38-49
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• 2021

The maintenance project of the Jeonglimsa temple site started with the objective of restoring the original structure of the temple, however, it was gradually transitioned to a landscaping maintenance project over time that constructs a landscape of the temple area. With paying attention to these facts, this study summarized the characteristics of cultural heritage landscaping of the Jeonglimsa temple site as follows. First, Cultural heritage landscaping is a landscaping act that creates, maintains, and manages landscapes within the spatial scope of the cultural heritage designated under the Cultural Heritage Protection Act and the cultural heritage protection area established around it. It is a work that includes protection and maintenance of the excavated remains, spaces by each function and plans for moving lines, Installation of structures to protect cultural properties, adoption of the facilities and structures for convenience of visitors, and construction of vegetation landscape. Second, the cultural heritage landscaping of the Jeonglimsa temple site has been developed in 5 periods, and these include 'the period of historical site investigation' that the temple name was identified through the designation of cultural assets and excavation investigation by the Japanese rule, 'the construction period of Baekje Tower Park' after the liberation from the Japanese rule, 'the period of Baekje Cultural Area Development Project' designated as a historical site, 'the period of the Comprehensive Development Project for a Specific Area of Baekje Culture',which was proceeded with the establishment of the park and museum instead of restoring the temple building due to the difficulty in gathering the pieces of historical evidence, and 'the period of the Jeonglimsa temple site restoring project', which was designated as a World Heritage Site while restoring the buildings deployment in the Buddhist temple at the time of foundation era of Baekje Dynasty. Third, this study verified the landscape changes of the Jeonglimsa temple site that have been transitioned, for instance, the creation of a commemorative park linked to the outer garden of Buyeo Shrine, the implementation of urban planning of the Japanese colonial era, the creation of a protective environment for the excavated historical structures and temple area, the restoration of building deployment in the Buddhist temple, and the sincerity restoration and utilization of cultural assets. Fourth, the landscape of Jeongnimsa temple site is determined by the subject and scope of cultural property designation, land use, movement lines and pavement, repairing methods of remains, structures, facilities, and vegetation. The characteristics of the cultural heritage landscape of Jeongnimsa Temple were derived, such as creating a procedural landscape considering the expansion of the cultural heritage designation scope, securing authenticity by maintaining relics in consideration of reversibility, creating a vegetative landscape suitable for historical and cultural landscapes, and enhancing the value of cultural heritage enjoyment by providing an open space.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 2012

The Korean Society of Applied Entomology (KSAE) celebrates its First 50 years history this year, 2011. It began in the year 1962, as the Korean Society of Plant Protection (KSPP) to discuss all aspects of plant protection including entomology and plant pathology. At that time it was one of the earliest scientific ones among agricultural societies in Korea. Before liberation from the Japanese colonial rule there were a few scientific societies for Japanese scientists only in the Korean Peninsula. It seemed that there was a single exception, in medical field, formed by and operated for Korean ethnics. Right after the liberation, Korean scientists rushed to form new scientific societies in the fields of mechanical engineering, architecture, textile, internal medicine, biology, etc. in 1945, mathematics, chemistry, metallurgy, etc. in 1946, and so on. But agricultural scientists had to wait for more time before setting up their own scientific society, Korean Agricultural Society(韓國農學會), comprising all agricultural subfields, in 1954. They had annual meetings and published their own journal every year until 1962. Then those working in the plant protection field established their own KSPP, right after their section meeting in 1962. At that time the total number of participants for KSPP were only around 50. KSPP scientists were interested in plant pathology, agricultural chemicals, weed science, or bioclimate, besides entomology. They had annual meetings once or twice a year until 1987 and published their own journal, Korean Journal of Plant Protection (KJPP), once a year at the earlier years but soon gradually increasing the frequency to four times a year later. Articles on entomology and plant pathology occupied about 40% each, but the number of oral or posters were a little bit higher on plant pathology than entomology, with the rest on nematology, agricultural chemicals, or soil microarthropods. There also had a number of symposia and special lectures. The presidentship lasted for two years and most of president served only one term, except for the first two. The current president should be $28^{th}$. In the year 1988, KSPP had to be transformed into the applied entomology society, Korean Society of Applied Entomology (KSAE), because most of plant pathologists participating left the society to set up their own one, Korean Society of Plant Pathology in 1984. Since that time the Society concentrates on entomology, basic and applied, with some notes on nematology, acarology, soil microarthropods, agricultural chemicals, etc. The Society has been hosting annual meetings at least twice a year with special lectures and symposia, from time to time, on various topics. It also hosted international symposia including binational scientific meetings twice with two different Japanese (applied entomology in 2003 and acarology in 2009) societies and the Asia-Pacific Congress of Entomology in 2005. The regular society meeting of this year, 2011, turns out to be the 43rd and this autumn non-regular meeting would be the 42nd. It has been publishing two different scientific journals, Korean Journal of Applied Entomology (KJAE) since 1988 and the Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology (JAPE) since 1998. Both journals are published 4 times a year, with articles written in Korean or English in the first, but those in English only in the latter with cooperation from the Taiwan Entomological Society and the Malaysian Plant Protection Society since 2008. It is now enlisted as one of those SCI(science citation index) extended. The highest number of topics discussed at their annual meetings was on ecology, behavior, and host resistance. But at the annual meetings jointly with the Korean Society of Entomology, members were more interested in basic aspects, instead of applied aspects, such as physiology and molecular biology fields. Among those societies related to entomology and plant protection, plant pathology, pesticide, and applied entomology societies are almost similar in membership, but entomology and plant pathology societies are publishing more number of articles than any others. The Society is running beautifully, but there are a few points to be made for further improvement. First, the articles or posters should be correctly categorized on the journals or proceedings. It may be a good idea to ask members to give their own version of correct category for their submissions, either oral or poster or written publication. The category should be classified detailed as much as possible (one kind of example would be systematics, morphology, evolution, ecology, behavior, host preference or resistance, physiology, anatomy, chemical ecology, molecular biology, pathology, chemical control, insecticides, insecticide resistance, biocontrol, biorational control, natural enemies, agricultural pest, forest pest, medical pest, etc.) and such scheme should be given to members beforehand. The members should give one or two, first and second, choices when submitting, if they want. Then the categories might be combined or grouped during editing for optimal arrangement for journals or proceedings. Secondly the journals should carry complete content of the particular year and author index at the last issue of that year. I would also like to have other information, such as awards and awardees in handy way. I could not find any document for listing awards. Such information or article categorization may be assigned to one of the vice presidents. I would rather strongly recommend that the society should give more time and energy on archive management to keep better and more correct history records.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.48-57
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• 2020

This study was aimed to determine the history of Son keechung laurel tree, which is designated and managed as Seoul Metropolitan Government Monument No. 5. Sohn keechung's victory in the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics served as an opportunity to encourage great pride and national spirit for the Korean people's national spirit who had spent their painful days under Japanese colonial rule. The seedlings that Son keechung received at the time are currently growing at Son Keechung Sports Park on the hill in Manri-dong, west of Seoul Station, and are Quercus palustris. That variety of Tree is native to the United States. The 11th Berlin Olympics, held in 1936, is a golden opportunity for Hitler to show off the history and cultural excellence of the German race, so it does not make sense to award victors an American giant oak instead of the German oak tree. The Seoul Metropolitan Government and various media outlets made a fait accompli due to Hitler's simple mistake. However, this study revealed that the laurel that Son received was the Quercus robur, based on the articles of the Korean newspaper, the German daily newspaper, and the recently introduced article of Der Spiegel, a leading German weekly magazine. Based on these circumstances, I would like to suggest that the originally awarded Quercus robur be planted in Son keechung Memorial Park and that the newly discovered history be notified on the Seoul Metropolitan Government website and various records.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.43-49
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• 2021

During the Japanese colonial period in Korea, the Choson Governor-General was a kind of state organ. At that time, for a local administrative office to be built, each province('Do') had to go through a certain administrative procedure and be approved by the Choson Government-General. In addition, it was necessary to receive financial support from the Choson Governor-General in the name of "state assistance" because the financial conditions of each province were not sufficient. To obtain this approval and financial support, the administrative procedure was divided into the first half, where each province requested the construction of a local administrative office, and the second half, where the Choson government-general approved it and supported it financially. There are studies on the first half procedure in 1914 and 1927, which were limited to the new construction of county('Goon') offices among several local administrative offices. This study analyzed the first half of the construction of all local administrative offices in the 1930s.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-97
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• 2015

Regional specialty products should be representative of the regional characteristics for a long time, this was not done for geographical research. This study examines current the regional specialty products on 12 web-site of the cities counties in 2013 and the products registered on the Tosan(土産) category from old Jiriji(古地理誌) in Chungcheongbuk-do. Futhermore, the study analyzed periodical change and regional distribution characteristics of regional specialty products. Major findings are as Follows. First, current the regional specialty products types are 4 products(crops, marine products, forest products, livestock products) and 3 manufactures (processed food, handicraft, cosmetic products). Among the regional specialty products, various crops and processed food were distributed in all the regions. Second, the traditional products types are 5 products(crops, marine products, forest products, livestock products, mineral products) and 1 manufactures(handicraft) that registered on the old Jiriji in the Joseon Dynasty period. The jujube, ginseng and honey were cultivated in the most regions. Third, the traditional products types are 4 products except for marine products and 1 manufactures(handicraft) that registered on the old Jiriji in the period of Japanese colonial rule. Its total item numbers of the regional specialty products are greatly decreased, but items of handicraft relatively increased in the Danyang and Goesan regions. Finally, regional analyzing of current local items shows that there are only a few regional specialty products(18 items) that have historical traditionality.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.94-113
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• 2013

Donggwanwangmyo[East Shrine of King Guan Yu] is the shrine for General Guan Yu from the Shu Dynasty, China. This type of shrine was begun to be built from the Tang Dynasty in China and from 1598 in Korea when the Japanese invaded Korea for the $2^{nd}$ time. Donggwanwangmyo is historically significant because it was jointly constructed by China and Korea in the spring of 1602 after the end of Japanese invasion of Korea. However, almost no research has been conducted about the sculptures standing at Donggwanwangmyo and there are many mistakes concerning the names and materials of these sculptures. This study is conducted to resolve these issues as follows: First of all, it was found that the main building of Donggwanwangmyo enshrines those which were moved from the North Shrine of Guan Yu and the West Shrine of Guan Yu during the Japanese colonial rule of Korea in addition to what was initially placed in Donggwanwangmyo during construction. These relics are assorted and each line of them is displayed in the center and to the east or west of the building. Among the relics, seven sculptures are standing at the center of the main building, among which one sculpture of Guan Yu is made of gold and two sculptures of maids and four sculptures of guards are made of clay. It is particularly noted that the sculptures of Guan Yu and his guards, Guan Ping, Zhou Cang, Wang Fu, and Zhao Lei, represent the portraits of historical characters that actually existed. Moreover, the sculptures of guards are characterized by the fact that they are unlike those in China, but have two pairs of literary men and warriors that stand facing each other as is the case in the royal mausoleums constructed during the Joseon Dynasty. Second of all, the sculptures from Donggwanwangmyo were carved in 1602, but their costumes and equipment were derived from the paintings from the Tang and Song Dynasties. Some decorations from the Ming Dynasty are also reflected in the sculptures. It implies that Donggwanwangmyo was partially modeled after the Shrine of Emperor Guan Yu[Gwanjemyo] in Jiezhou which was rebuilt in 1593 by Emperor Sinjong of the Ming Dynasty and that the secular and dramatic patterns of the Qing Dynasty are prevalent in the said sculptures based on the patterns of the Ming Dynasty because all the sculptures at the Shrine in Jiezhou were constructed when the Qing Dynasty ruled between the $18^{th}$ and the $19^{th}$ Centuries. In conclusion, it was found that sculptures from Donggwanwangmyo were created in 1602, that they follow the ancient traditions attested by the paintings of Korean and Chinese sculptures, and that they are very valuable in art history since they retain the original forms of the Shrine of Guan Yu built during the Joseon and Ming Dynasties.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.22
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• pp.115-155
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• 2009

As Korea was merged into Japan, the official documents during Kabo Reform and The Great Han Empire time were handed over to the Government-General of Chosun and reclassified from section based to ministry based. However they had been reclassified before many times. The footprints of reclassification can be found in the classification stamps and warehouse number stamps which remained on the cover of official documents from Kabo Reform to The Great Han Empire. They classified the documents by Section in the classification system of Ministry-Department-Section, stamped and numbered them. It is consistent with the official document classification system in The Great Han Empire, which shows the section based classification was maintained. Although they stamped by Section and numbered the documents, there were differences in sub classification system by Section. In the documents of Land Tax Section, many institutions can be found. The documents of the same year can be found in different group and documents of similar characteristics are classified in the same group. Customs Section and Other Tax Section seemed to number their documents according to the year of documents. However the year and the order of 'i-ro-ha(イロハ) song' does not match. From Kabo Reform to The Great Han Empire the documents were grouped by Section. However they did not have classification rules for the sub units of Section. Therefore, it is not clear if the document grouping of classification stamps can be understood as the original order of official document classification system of The Great Han Empire. However, given the grouping method reflects the document classification system, the sub section classification system of the Great Han Empire can be inferred through the grouping method. In this inference, it is understood that the classification system was divided into two such as 'Section - Counterpart Institution' and 'Section - Document Issuance Year'. The Government-General of Chosun took over the official documents of The Great Han Empire, stored them in the warehouse and marked them with Warehouse Number Stamps. Warehouse Number Stamp contained the Institution that grouped those documents and the documents were stored by warehouse. Although most of the documents on the shelves in each warehouse were arranged by classification stamp number, some of them were mixed and the order of shelves and that of documents did not match. Although they arranged the documents on the shelves and gave the symbols in the order of 'i-ro-ha(イロハ) song', these symbols were not given by the order of number. During the storage of the documents by the Government-General of Chosun, the classification system according to the classification stamps was affected. One characteristic that can be found in warehouse number stamps is that the preservation period on each document group lost the meaning. The preservation period id decided according to the historical and administrative value. However, the warehouse number stamps did not distinguish the documents according to the preservation period and put the documents with different preservation period on one shelf. As Japan merged Korea, The Great Han Empire did not consider the official documents of the Great Han Empire as administrative documents that should be disposed some time later. It considered them as materials to review the old which is necessary for the colonial governance. As the meaning of the documents has been changed from general administrative documents to the materials that they would need to govern the colony, they dealt with all the official documents of The Great Han Empire as the same object regardless of preservation period. The Government-General of Chosun destroyed the classification system of the Great Han Empire which was based on Section and the functions in the Section by reclassifying them according to Ministry when they reclassified the official documents during Kobo Reform and the Great Han Empire in order to utilize them to govern the colony.