• 제목/요약/키워드: The skin safety

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식품알레르기 발생실태 및 학교급식 알레르기 유발식품 표시제에 대한 학부모 인식에 관한 연구 (A Study on Food Allergy Occurrence and Parental Perceptions of Food Allergen Labeling System in School Food Service)

  • 이은주;류호경
    • 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.521-531
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of food allergies among kindergarten and elementary school children and their parents' perceptions of the Food Allergen Labeling System in school food service (FALSSFS). The surveys were conducted by the parents of children in Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. According to the results, the prevalence of food allergies among the children was 21.9% (current group 8.1% and experienced group 13.8%). The features of the food allergy of the children were as follows : The onset time of allergy was at 1-2 years for 59 children (40.7%), at 3-4 years for 41 children (28.3%), and the main symptoms of allergy were 'rash and skin hives' (47.1%) and 'itching' (30.2%). In terms of the family history, the prevalence of allergies among the mothers was the highest with a value of 31.9%. The allergenic foods were egg (14.7%), pork (11.6%), and milk (8.9%) in the order. Most of the parents had a low perception of the FALSSFS. 26.2% of the parents requested preventive education related to food allergies at school, making this the most requested item, followed by "helping students understand students with food allergies" with a value of 20.2%. The benefit of the FALSSFS was to increase the safety of school food and promote the emotional health of children with allergies.

다목적 무인헬기 복합재 로터 블레이드의 단면 구조설계 및 강성 측정 (Cross-sectional Design and Stiffness Measurements of Composite Rotor Blade for Multipurpose Unmanned Helicopter)

  • 기영중;김덕관;신진욱
    • 항공우주시스템공학회지
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 2019
  • 로터 블레이드는 허브를 통해 전달된 토크와 조종장치를 이용한 피치각 제어를 통해 헬리콥터 비행에 필요한 양력, 추력 및 기동력을 발생시킬 수 있는 핵심 구성품이며, 구조적인 안전성과 함께 공진의 위험성이 없도록 진동 특성을 고려하여 설계되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 다목적 무인 헬리콥터(Multi-Purpose Utility Helicopter)에 적용하기 위한 주로터 블레이드의 구조 설계를 수행하였으며, 제작된 블레이드의 단면 강성 측정 시험을 수행하였다. 이후 측정된 강성 분포를 반영하여 로터 시스템의 진동특성에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 로터 블레이드 내부는 스킨, 스파 및 토션박스로 구성되며, 탄소 및 유리 섬유 복합소재를 적용하였다. 블레이드 단면 강성 예측을 위해 Ksec2D 프로그램을 활용하였으며, 실험을 통해 측정된 값과 비교한 결과를 제시하였다. 로터 시스템의 회전으로 인한 고유진동수 변화 및 공진 위험 여부를 확인하기 위해 회전익 항공기의 통합 해석 프로그램인 CAMRADII를 활용하였다.

간호사가 지각한 암환자의 퇴원후 가정간호요구 (Nurse의s Perception in the Homecare Needs of Cancer Patient)

  • 권인수;은영
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.602-615
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of the discharged patient with cancer as perceived by nurses caring hospitalized cancer patients. At two hospitals in Gyeongnam, 74 nurses responded to an open-ended questionnaire consisting of four need categories : 1) educational & informational need, 2) physical need, 3) emotional need, 4) social need. Respondents were asked to list above ten needs of cancer patient in each category. Two researchers analyzed the data by content analysis method. The findings are summarized as follows : 1) A total of 1,417 need items were generated by nurses. The largest number of needs were in the educational & informational need category(475 items, 36.3%). Physical(414 items, 31.6%), emotional (237 items, 18.1%) need were the second, third largest, and social(184 items, 14.0%) need made up the smallest category. 2) In the educational & informational need category, there were seven subcategories of prognosis, diet & exercise, medication & pain, wound care, folk remedy, personal hygiene, comfort. The need items related to prognosis of cancer accounted for almost a half(48.2%) of the total. 3) In the physical need category, there were ten subcategories of personal hygiene, skin & tissue, nutrition, side effect on treatment, exercise, pain, elimination, equipment, comfort & safety, others. The largest number of needs were in subcategory of the personal hygiene(82 items, 19.8%). 4) In the emotional need category, there were four subcategories of emotional support related to disease, emotional support related to routine life, spiritual support, maintenance of relationship with nurse & doctor. The largest number of needs were in subcatgory of the emotional support related to disease(96 items, 40.5%). 5) In the social need category, there were five subcategories of support for social life, household management, legal support, the use of volunteer service, financial support. The largest number of needs were in support for social life subcategory(58 items, 31.5%).

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Autologous Cartilage Intracordal Injection in Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

  • Wang, Soo-Geun;Lee, Byung-Joo;Goh, Eui-Kyung;Chon, Kyon-Myong;Roh, Hwan-Jung;Lee, Jin-Choon
    • 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한음성언어의학회 2003년도 제19회 학술대회
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    • pp.182-182
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    • 2003
  • Objectives : The methods to treat glottic incompetence include thyroplasty type I, arytenoid abduction, and intracordal injection using various materials. The intracordal injection is easy and simple and does not require skin incision. In general, the grafted cartilage shows a high survival rate, a low absorption rate and small voluminous change. The authors performed injection of minced autologous auricular cartilage and fat using a Bruning injector in unilateral vocal cord palsy We evaluate the effect and safety of autologous auricular cartilage intracordal injection. Study Design : Retrospective study. Methods : Auricular cartilage was obtained by incising tragus vertically and it was minced with a scalpel and #15 blade. About 2g of abdominal fat was obtained by small periumbrical incision and cut into small pieces. The minced cartilage was put into a 1$m\ell$ injector and then the injector was filled with fat. The operation was conducted under laryngeal microscope. Minced cartilage was injected into the vocalis muscle at the junction of the middle and posterior third of the vocal fold. In three cases, we performed autologous cartilage intracordal injection. Results : We observed no postoperative complications, such as dyspnea, granulation, inflammation, in any of the cases. The voice was improved compared with the voice prior to operation in all cases. Conclusion : Although the cases are still limited and the observation period is short, we suggest that the autologous cartilage using the auricular cartilage is the ideal and new effective augmentative material in vocal cord palsy.

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Effectiveness of the Pico-toning Technique for the Treatment of Melasma with a Low Fluence 1,064-nm Nd:YAG Laser in Asian Patients

  • Kim, Dong Gyu;Nam, Seung Min;Shin, Jin Soo;Park, Eun Soo
    • Medical Lasers
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.166-171
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    • 2020
  • Background and Objectives Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by brown or dark brown colored macules and patches which mostly involve the face. Compared to nanosecond lasers, picosecond lasers have fewer adverse effects on surrounding tissues and give better results for melanin fragmentation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the pico-toning technique using a low fluence 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser on melasma patients. Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of melasma cases treated using the pico-toning technique from June 2017 to November 2020. Based on photographic images, the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score was blind evaluated by two independent plastic surgeons. Patient satisfaction was assessed through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire after treatment sessions. All adverse effects and complications were reviewed based on medical records. Results A total of 23 patients were included in the study. The mMASI scores for baseline and 2 months after the last procedure were 5.1 ± 1.4 and 2.6 ± 0.4, respectively. The mean mMASI score reduced significantly after the treatment session (p < 0.05). The patient satisfaction score with the procedure was 3.8 ± 1.0. The subject satisfaction score and difference in the mMASI score before the procedure and 2 months after the last procedure showed a significant correlation. Adverse effects observed in this study were erythema (n = 1) and edema (n = 1). Conclusion The results of the study show that the pico-toning technique is effective in Asian patients with melasma. We believe that safety was enhanced by using low fluence, and thus better results were achieved with fewer adverse effects.

미용사들의 작업환경과 호흡기 자각증상과의 관련요인 (The Related Factor on a Work Environment of Hairdressers and a Subjective Symptom of Respiratory Organ)

  • 이계숙;이명희
    • 한국생활과학회지
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.1215-1224
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    • 2008
  • This research has measured the indoor environment of thirty hair salons, which are located on Gunsan-Si, Jeonlabbuk-Do, from April 1st to April 30th 2005, to examine the related factors on a work environment of hairdressers and a revelation of respiratory symptom, and has polled 260 hairdressers and 350 office workers. After measuring the physical environment of hair salons, the room temperature, the relative humidity and the illumination was in an agreeable range, and 60 percent of hair salons depended on the natural ventilation through the windows. The levels of acetone, toluene and xylene, which were measured at the hair salons, were all under the safety standards (p<0.05), but these are still harmful and volatile matters, so they can be bad for your health by the contact of skin and respiration. The harmful factors that affect a revelation of respiratory symptom were the group who has many exposures of permanent wave or bleaching/dyeing and not many experiences of hairdressing work, the group who smokes every day, and the group who never exercises at all (p<0.05). This result shows that there are possibilities of health problem for hairdressers from the constant and repeating hairdressing works with the exposure of chemicals such as the permanent, bleaching and dyeing. so that hairdressers recognize that they need appropriate ventilation facilities for their agreeable indoor-environments. And also, to prevent the direct exposure of chemicals as much as they can, they need to have an active management of an individual health care by wearing gloves, mask or something like that.

Airborne Nicotine Concentrations in the Workplaces of Tobacco Farmers

  • Yoo, Seok-Ju;Park, Sung-Jun;Kim, Byoung-Seok;Lee, Kwan;Lim, Hyun-Sul;Kim, Jik-Su;Kim, In-Shik
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.144-149
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and insecticide in tobacco leaves. Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is known as a disease of acute nicotine intoxication among tobacco farmers. Until now, GTS has been recognized globally as a disease that results from nicotine absorption through the skin. However, we assumed that GTS might also result from nicotine inhalation as well as absorption. We aimed to measure the airborne nicotine concentrations in various work environments of Korean tobacco farmers. Methods: We measured the nicotine concentrations in the tobacco fields, private curing barns, and joint curing barns of farmers from July to October 2010. All sampling and analyses of airborne nicotine were conducted according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health manual of analytic methods. Results: The airborne nicotine concentrations (geometric mean [geometric standard deviation]) in the tobacco field were $83.4mg/m^3$ (1.2) in the upper region and $93.3mg/m^3$(1.2) in the lower region. In addition, the nicotine concentration by personal sampling was $150.1mg/m^3$. Similarly, the nicotine concentrations in the private curing barn, workers in curing barns, the front yard of the curing barn, and in the joint curing barn were $323.7mg/m^3$(2.0), $121.0mg/m^3$(1.5), $73.7mg/m^3$(1.7), and $610.3mg/m^3$(1.0), respectively. Conclusions: The nicotine concentration in the workplaces of tobacco farmers was very high. Future studies should measure the environmental concentration of nicotine that is inhaled by tobacco farmers.

The Effectiveness of 448-kHz Capacitive Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction in a Porcine Model

  • Kwon, Tae-Rin;Lee, Sung-Eun;Kim, Jong Hwan;Jeon, Yong Jae;Jang, You Na;Yoo, Kwang Ho;Kim, Beom Joon
    • Medical Lasers
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.64-73
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    • 2019
  • Background and Objectives The effectiveness of many physiotherapy modalities in reducing subcutaneous fat has been investigated in numerous previous studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no attempts to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy modalities in body contouring. The present report determined the effect of 448-kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) in a porcine model. Materials and Methods This study investigated the effect of selective destruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in abdominal fat tissue using CRMRF. The effects of two types of CRMRF (capacitive electric transfer (CET) and resistive electric transfer (RET)) treatment were evaluated using regular digital photography in addition to thermal imaging evaluation, ultrasound measurement, hematological evaluation, and histologic analyses (H&E (hematoxylin and eosin), Oil red O, and immunohistochemistry staining). Results Preclinical evaluation was performed to obtain the data for comparison of the safety and efficacy of the subcutaneous fat reduction after applying CRMRF using CET and RET. After treatment, the thermal transmission was effective, and a 42-47℃ temperature change was observed in the fat layer while an approximately temperature of 42℃ was confirmed on the skin surface. Moreover, after the application of both types of CRMRF treatment, fibrotic septa were observed in the adipose tissue induced by heat at the treatment sites. TUNEL staining was also performed to confirm the process of apoptosis in the adipocytes. Conclusion These results suggest that both CET and RET for CRMRF treatment are safe and effective for subcutaneous fat reduction in a porcine model.

치과구내용 X선발생기의 조사통 직경 변화에 따른 선량변화 (Dose Change according to Diameter Change of the Cone for Dental X-ray Apparatus)

  • 안성민;오정환;최정현;신귀순;김성철
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.266-270
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    • 2010
  • 진단용방사선발생장치의 안전관리법에 의하면 치과 구내촬영용 X선발생기의 경우 조사통의 조사야 크기는 촬영면에서의 최대지름이 7 cm이하가 되게 기준 되어있다. 하지만 실제 두개부에 붙여서 촬영하는 근접촬영이기 때문에 X선 조사면적을 벗어날 염려가 없으며, 구내촬영에 사용되는 필름 또는 디지털 디텍터의 크기도 $3\times4cm^2$의 크기이기 때문에 훨씬 큰 편이며, 근거리 촬영에 따른 환자의 피부선량도 무시할 수 가 없다. 이에 조사통의 지름을 0.5 cm간격으로 줄이며, 환자선량, 해상력 및 화질의 영향을 알아본 결과 조사통 직경이 5 cm가 되어도 사용에 따른 큰 불편이 없으면서 환자선량 감소 및 사진의 대조도 증가 효과를 볼 수 있어 정책적으로 검토해볼 사항이라는 연구 결과를 얻었다

Preferences and Consumption Patterns of Consumer to Develop Processed Pork Products for Export

  • Seo, Sang-Hee;Kim, Eun-Mi;Kim, Young-Boong
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to survey the perception of domestic consumers about traditional pork dishes, and to utilize the survey result as a basis for the development of processed pork products. A survey was conducted on 218 domestic consumers regarding the following: general questions, propensity and preference to consume pork dishes, pork dishes feasible for export, and the types and problems of processed products feasible for export. The results of the survey showed that the respondents consumed pork dishes 3-4 times a month on average and they appeared to consume the pork dishes most frequently in specialized restaurants. The highest preference was shown in Samgyeopasal gui (grilled pork belly) and Galbi gui (grilled pork rib) among the pork dishes, whereas the lowest preference was shown in Kkubdegi gui (grilled pork skin) and Gookbob (boiled rice and pork served in soup). When the type of processed pork products available according to pork dishes were analyzed, the result showed that Samgyeopasal gui (grilled pork belly) and Nirbiani (slices of roast, seasoned pork in width) could be developed as a frozen product, Geyook Bokeum (stir-fried spicy pork), Bulgogi (Korean-style barbecued pork), and Galbi jjim (braised short ribs) could be developed as a retort product, and that Bossam (boiled pork eaten with a salty sauce and wrapped in greens), Pyeonyuk (slices of boiled pork), Jokbal (pork trotters), and Sundae (kneading together seasoned mixture of vegetables and glass noodles stuffing it into casings made of hog intestines, which are then tied off at the ends and boiled) could be developed as a vacuum-packed product. When the survey concerning the problems expected in the development of processed products using pork dishes was conducted, the result showed that there could be a texture change issue for Galbi gui, Samgyeopasal gui and Nirbiani; a preservation issue for Bossam, Pyeonyuk; a safety issue for Bulgogi and Geyook Bokeum; a taste and flavor change issue for Geyook Bokeum and Sundae; and a packaging issue for Gookbob.