• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.521-531
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• 2016

This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of food allergies among kindergarten and elementary school children and their parents' perceptions of the Food Allergen Labeling System in school food service (FALSSFS). The surveys were conducted by the parents of children in Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. According to the results, the prevalence of food allergies among the children was 21.9% (current group 8.1% and experienced group 13.8%). The features of the food allergy of the children were as follows : The onset time of allergy was at 1-2 years for 59 children (40.7%), at 3-4 years for 41 children (28.3%), and the main symptoms of allergy were 'rash and skin hives' (47.1%) and 'itching' (30.2%). In terms of the family history, the prevalence of allergies among the mothers was the highest with a value of 31.9%. The allergenic foods were egg (14.7%), pork (11.6%), and milk (8.9%) in the order. Most of the parents had a low perception of the FALSSFS. 26.2% of the parents requested preventive education related to food allergies at school, making this the most requested item, followed by "helping students understand students with food allergies" with a value of 20.2%. The benefit of the FALSSFS was to increase the safety of school food and promote the emotional health of children with allergies.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.52-59
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• 2019

The rotor blade is a key component that generates the lift, thrust, and control forces required for helicopter flight by the torque transmitted through the hub and the blade pitch angle control, and should be designed to factor vibration characteristics so that there is no risk of resonance with structural safety. In this study, the structural design of the main rotor blade for MPUH(Multi-Purpose Unmanned Helicopter) was conducted and the sectional stiffness measurement of the fabricated blade was performed. The evaluation of the vibration characteristics of the main rotor system was then conducted factoring the measured stiffness distribution. The interior of the rotor blade comprised of the skin, spar, and torsion box, and carbon and glass fiber composites were applied. The Ksec2D program was applied to predict the stiffness of blade, and the results were compared to the measured data. CAMRADII, a comprehensive rotorcraft analysis program, was applied to investigate the natural frequency trends and resonance risks due to the rotor rotation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.602-615
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• 1998

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of the discharged patient with cancer as perceived by nurses caring hospitalized cancer patients. At two hospitals in Gyeongnam, 74 nurses responded to an open-ended questionnaire consisting of four need categories : 1) educational & informational need, 2) physical need, 3) emotional need, 4) social need. Respondents were asked to list above ten needs of cancer patient in each category. Two researchers analyzed the data by content analysis method. The findings are summarized as follows : 1) A total of 1,417 need items were generated by nurses. The largest number of needs were in the educational & informational need category(475 items, 36.3%). Physical(414 items, 31.6%), emotional (237 items, 18.1%) need were the second, third largest, and social(184 items, 14.0%) need made up the smallest category. 2) In the educational & informational need category, there were seven subcategories of prognosis, diet & exercise, medication & pain, wound care, folk remedy, personal hygiene, comfort. The need items related to prognosis of cancer accounted for almost a half(48.2%) of the total. 3) In the physical need category, there were ten subcategories of personal hygiene, skin & tissue, nutrition, side effect on treatment, exercise, pain, elimination, equipment, comfort & safety, others. The largest number of needs were in subcategory of the personal hygiene(82 items, 19.8%). 4) In the emotional need category, there were four subcategories of emotional support related to disease, emotional support related to routine life, spiritual support, maintenance of relationship with nurse & doctor. The largest number of needs were in subcatgory of the emotional support related to disease(96 items, 40.5%). 5) In the social need category, there were five subcategories of support for social life, household management, legal support, the use of volunteer service, financial support. The largest number of needs were in support for social life subcategory(58 items, 31.5%).

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2003

Objectives : The methods to treat glottic incompetence include thyroplasty type I, arytenoid abduction, and intracordal injection using various materials. The intracordal injection is easy and simple and does not require skin incision. In general, the grafted cartilage shows a high survival rate, a low absorption rate and small voluminous change. The authors performed injection of minced autologous auricular cartilage and fat using a Bruning injector in unilateral vocal cord palsy We evaluate the effect and safety of autologous auricular cartilage intracordal injection. Study Design : Retrospective study. Methods : Auricular cartilage was obtained by incising tragus vertically and it was minced with a scalpel and #15 blade. About 2g of abdominal fat was obtained by small periumbrical incision and cut into small pieces. The minced cartilage was put into a 1$m\ell$ injector and then the injector was filled with fat. The operation was conducted under laryngeal microscope. Minced cartilage was injected into the vocalis muscle at the junction of the middle and posterior third of the vocal fold. In three cases, we performed autologous cartilage intracordal injection. Results : We observed no postoperative complications, such as dyspnea, granulation, inflammation, in any of the cases. The voice was improved compared with the voice prior to operation in all cases. Conclusion : Although the cases are still limited and the observation period is short, we suggest that the autologous cartilage using the auricular cartilage is the ideal and new effective augmentative material in vocal cord palsy.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2020

Background and Objectives Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by brown or dark brown colored macules and patches which mostly involve the face. Compared to nanosecond lasers, picosecond lasers have fewer adverse effects on surrounding tissues and give better results for melanin fragmentation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the pico-toning technique using a low fluence 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser on melasma patients. Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of melasma cases treated using the pico-toning technique from June 2017 to November 2020. Based on photographic images, the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score was blind evaluated by two independent plastic surgeons. Patient satisfaction was assessed through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire after treatment sessions. All adverse effects and complications were reviewed based on medical records. Results A total of 23 patients were included in the study. The mMASI scores for baseline and 2 months after the last procedure were 5.1 ± 1.4 and 2.6 ± 0.4, respectively. The mean mMASI score reduced significantly after the treatment session (p < 0.05). The patient satisfaction score with the procedure was 3.8 ± 1.0. The subject satisfaction score and difference in the mMASI score before the procedure and 2 months after the last procedure showed a significant correlation. Adverse effects observed in this study were erythema (n = 1) and edema (n = 1). Conclusion The results of the study show that the pico-toning technique is effective in Asian patients with melasma. We believe that safety was enhanced by using low fluence, and thus better results were achieved with fewer adverse effects.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2008

This research has measured the indoor environment of thirty hair salons, which are located on Gunsan-Si, Jeonlabbuk-Do, from April 1st to April 30th 2005, to examine the related factors on a work environment of hairdressers and a revelation of respiratory symptom, and has polled 260 hairdressers and 350 office workers. After measuring the physical environment of hair salons, the room temperature, the relative humidity and the illumination was in an agreeable range, and 60 percent of hair salons depended on the natural ventilation through the windows. The levels of acetone, toluene and xylene, which were measured at the hair salons, were all under the safety standards (p<0.05), but these are still harmful and volatile matters, so they can be bad for your health by the contact of skin and respiration. The harmful factors that affect a revelation of respiratory symptom were the group who has many exposures of permanent wave or bleaching/dyeing and not many experiences of hairdressing work, the group who smokes every day, and the group who never exercises at all (p<0.05). This result shows that there are possibilities of health problem for hairdressers from the constant and repeating hairdressing works with the exposure of chemicals such as the permanent, bleaching and dyeing. so that hairdressers recognize that they need appropriate ventilation facilities for their agreeable indoor-environments. And also, to prevent the direct exposure of chemicals as much as they can, they need to have an active management of an individual health care by wearing gloves, mask or something like that.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2014

Objectives: Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and insecticide in tobacco leaves. Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is known as a disease of acute nicotine intoxication among tobacco farmers. Until now, GTS has been recognized globally as a disease that results from nicotine absorption through the skin. However, we assumed that GTS might also result from nicotine inhalation as well as absorption. We aimed to measure the airborne nicotine concentrations in various work environments of Korean tobacco farmers. Methods: We measured the nicotine concentrations in the tobacco fields, private curing barns, and joint curing barns of farmers from July to October 2010. All sampling and analyses of airborne nicotine were conducted according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health manual of analytic methods. Results: The airborne nicotine concentrations (geometric mean [geometric standard deviation]) in the tobacco field were $83.4mg/m^3$ (1.2) in the upper region and $93.3mg/m^3$(1.2) in the lower region. In addition, the nicotine concentration by personal sampling was $150.1mg/m^3$. Similarly, the nicotine concentrations in the private curing barn, workers in curing barns, the front yard of the curing barn, and in the joint curing barn were $323.7mg/m^3$(2.0), $121.0mg/m^3$(1.5), $73.7mg/m^3$(1.7), and $610.3mg/m^3$(1.0), respectively. Conclusions: The nicotine concentration in the workplaces of tobacco farmers was very high. Future studies should measure the environmental concentration of nicotine that is inhaled by tobacco farmers.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2019

Background and Objectives The effectiveness of many physiotherapy modalities in reducing subcutaneous fat has been investigated in numerous previous studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no attempts to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy modalities in body contouring. The present report determined the effect of 448-kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) in a porcine model. Materials and Methods This study investigated the effect of selective destruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in abdominal fat tissue using CRMRF. The effects of two types of CRMRF (capacitive electric transfer (CET) and resistive electric transfer (RET)) treatment were evaluated using regular digital photography in addition to thermal imaging evaluation, ultrasound measurement, hematological evaluation, and histologic analyses (H&E (hematoxylin and eosin), Oil red O, and immunohistochemistry staining). Results Preclinical evaluation was performed to obtain the data for comparison of the safety and efficacy of the subcutaneous fat reduction after applying CRMRF using CET and RET. After treatment, the thermal transmission was effective, and a 42-47℃ temperature change was observed in the fat layer while an approximately temperature of 42℃ was confirmed on the skin surface. Moreover, after the application of both types of CRMRF treatment, fibrotic septa were observed in the adipose tissue induced by heat at the treatment sites. TUNEL staining was also performed to confirm the process of apoptosis in the adipocytes. Conclusion These results suggest that both CET and RET for CRMRF treatment are safe and effective for subcutaneous fat reduction in a porcine model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 2010

In case of the Dental X-ray apparatus, the diameter (or the field size) of the tip of the cone should be less than 7 cm according to the Diagnosis Radiation Equipment Safety Management. However, deviation from the field is not expected to be big as photography is made at close range from the skin. Also, as the size of film or digital detector used in intra-oral photography is $3\times4cm^2$, the size mentioned above can be considered to be much bigger. Furthermore, the patient dose by short-distance photography can not be ignored. Therefore, effect on the patient dose, resolution and image qualty was examined by reducing the cone diameter by 0.5 cm interval. The result showed that the patient dose was reduced and a partial improvement in picture contrast was observed. Therefore, it can be concluded from these results that further investigation may be worthwhile in terms of policy.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2012

This study was conducted to survey the perception of domestic consumers about traditional pork dishes, and to utilize the survey result as a basis for the development of processed pork products. A survey was conducted on 218 domestic consumers regarding the following: general questions, propensity and preference to consume pork dishes, pork dishes feasible for export, and the types and problems of processed products feasible for export. The results of the survey showed that the respondents consumed pork dishes 3-4 times a month on average and they appeared to consume the pork dishes most frequently in specialized restaurants. The highest preference was shown in Samgyeopasal gui (grilled pork belly) and Galbi gui (grilled pork rib) among the pork dishes, whereas the lowest preference was shown in Kkubdegi gui (grilled pork skin) and Gookbob (boiled rice and pork served in soup). When the type of processed pork products available according to pork dishes were analyzed, the result showed that Samgyeopasal gui (grilled pork belly) and Nirbiani (slices of roast, seasoned pork in width) could be developed as a frozen product, Geyook Bokeum (stir-fried spicy pork), Bulgogi (Korean-style barbecued pork), and Galbi jjim (braised short ribs) could be developed as a retort product, and that Bossam (boiled pork eaten with a salty sauce and wrapped in greens), Pyeonyuk (slices of boiled pork), Jokbal (pork trotters), and Sundae (kneading together seasoned mixture of vegetables and glass noodles stuffing it into casings made of hog intestines, which are then tied off at the ends and boiled) could be developed as a vacuum-packed product. When the survey concerning the problems expected in the development of processed products using pork dishes was conducted, the result showed that there could be a texture change issue for Galbi gui, Samgyeopasal gui and Nirbiani; a preservation issue for Bossam, Pyeonyuk; a safety issue for Bulgogi and Geyook Bokeum; a taste and flavor change issue for Geyook Bokeum and Sundae; and a packaging issue for Gookbob.