• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

Following the recent privatization of the UK railway system there has been an increase in the volume of rail freight. It. Influential factors include the problem of road congestion, and policies towards increasing grants. With a focus on grants (government subsidies), this paper examines changes in rail freight, and the tasks facing the UK railway. I attempt to explain recent trends in rail freight grants and changes that have positively influenced the rail freight. In particular, I demonstrate the trends in rail freight and scheme which link the government and industry. Moreover, I explain the grants scheme and method of calculation, concisely. Finally I reveal the characteristics of UK rail grants scheme. In this paper, I argue that grants have played an important role of in the development of freight and that rail freight is more environment friendly than road transport. This paper have a many important aspects. Namely, an account of the introduction of the grant scheme of UK. Also, I explore the method of calculation of these grants. It will give some lessons for Korea rail. In conclusion, I note some suggestions and those problems which impede the freight transport. In future, the problems of some of these problems should be addressed, For example, the lack of infrastructure and development of an adequate train time schedule in case of rail freight have to be improved.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2007년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.197-198
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• 2007

For provisioning the best effort service, the IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN standard employs a MAC scheme based on reservation ALOHA. In the MAC scheme, a subscriber station, after attempting a resource request, waits for a resource grant during a prescribed period rather than an explicit acknowledgement. In this paper, we propose a MAC scheme for improving delay performance, where we control the lifetime of a request to prevent excessive grants and distribute residual resource according to a round robin. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the mean delay performance.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.369-372
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• 2001

This paper presents the design of high-speed virtual output queue(VOQ) management scheme for high performance cell/packet switch, which has a serial cross bar structure. The proposed VOQ management scheme has been designed for wire-speed routing with a pipelined buffer management. It provides the tolerance of requests and grants data transmission latency between the VOQ manager and central arbiter using a new request control method that is based on a high-speed shifter. The designed VOQ manager has been implemented in a field programmable gate array chip with a 77MHz operating frequency, a 900-pin fine ball grid array package, and 16$\times$16 switch size.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2020

대부분 대학들은 학생들의 비교과 활동을 독려하기 위해 비교과 활동내역을 점수로 환산하여 장학금을 지급하는 마일리지 제도를 운영하고 있다. 본 연구는 대학이 학생들에게 전략적으로 제공하고 있는 마일리지 제도에 대한 학생 경험의 이해를 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 마일리지 제도가 정착된 대학의 학생 16명을 선정하여 심층면접을 실시하고, 면접 자료를 합의적 질적 연구방법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과의 타당성 확보를 위해 감수자에게 연구를 통해 도출된 전체 영역 및 범주의 적절성에 대한 의견을 받았으며, 최종적으로 '마일리지 제도에 참여하게 된 동기', '마일리지 제도에 참여하는 과정에서의 경험', '마일리지 제도에 참여한 이후 경험의 영향'의 3개 영역과 18개 범주를 도출하였다. 본 연구는 대학 마일리지 제도에 대한 학생 경험에 초점을 맞추고, 이를 통해 현행 마일리지 제도에 대한 검토와 향후 대학이 마일리지 제도에 대해 접근할 다양한 시사점을 제안했다는데 그 의의가 있다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.263-301
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• 1992

In recent years, Korean public libraries, placed under changing circumstances, require that some new and positive financial policies be formulated for the improvement of their services. T he purpose of this study is to propose a scheme to ensure the revenues of Korean public libraries. The main contents of this study are as follows : (1) Public finance theory is applied to the question of why the public library is publicly supported. The public library does not contribute to stabilization, but it does playa role in each of the other public sector functions : allocation of resources and redistribution of income. In public finance terms there is justification for at least partial subsidy of public library services, which have the attributes of public goods, merit goods and externalities. (2) Public libraries in Korea find themselves suffering from limited budgets. They are neglected in national and local budgets. The lack of adequate funding for library collections prevents libraries from rendering efficient services. (3) In order to put the finances of the Korean public library system on a firm basis, the following proposals are made: 1) It is proposed that the parallel administration under which public libraries are organized be unified to be directly under the local governments. 2) It is proposed that the legislative and administrative system for public library finance be strengthened. (1) Library expenses should be itemized independently in the calculation of general grants-in-aid to local governments. (2) A fixed portion of the total municipal revenue should be appropriated for public library services. It can be executed by making provisions expressly in the annual guidelines for budgeting, municipal ordinances, or in the Library Promotion Law. The rate of allocation should be specified as a part of the national public library development plan. (3) Library tax as a local tax can be imposed. An indirect tax is preferable in order to avoid public misunderstanding and antagonism. 3) The augmentation of the specific grants-in-aid for the public library is proposed. The Library Promotion Law and the Law on Budget and Administration of Grants should be amended to oblige the central government to give financial assistance to local public libraries. 4) It is proposed that strategies to encourage private endowments be worked out. Revision of the Law on Tax Reduction and Exemption and the activation of an advisory library committee at each public library are recommended. 5) Funding and utilization of the envisioned Library Promotion Foundation is proposed. Government contributions, contributions from the Culture and Arts Foundation, and donations from individuals, corporations, and enterprises can be considered as the financial resources of the Foundation. 6) It is proposed that the structure of the Korean Library Association be consolidated to exercise greater influence over the formation of national policy on the public library system. 7) It is proposed as an ultimate guarantee of the health of the public libraries that the citizenry be educated to strongly support library services in responce to the active services provided by the public libraries.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

There are found rare specific alternatives for sustainable rural development although sustainable development has become popular common concept in international development arena. Korea is trying to reform rural development by introducing a block grants system since 2009 expecting for the efficiency of development investment. However, it seems that such new rural development system is far from realizing the sustainable development. The objectives of the study are to identify the roles and issues of the sustainable development policy and to suggest a policy model for realizing sustainable rural development. Based on the policy model hypothetically established, some policy alternatives were suggested: (i) the establishment of land use system considering sustainability perspectives; (ii) the preparation of environment management measures considering topographical traits; (iii) the improvement of landscape support scheme toward increasing biodiversity; (iv) the systematic implementation of agriculture-environment measures; (v) the implementation of sustainable development projects linking production to housing; (vi) the inclusion of sustainability indicators in rural development evaluation system.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.128-140
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• 2006

IEEE 802.16 무선 MAN는 다양한 서비스를 제공하는 고정된 일대다 광대역 무선 접근 시스템의 무선 인터페이스를 규정하고 있다. 무선 MAN에서 기지국과 가입자국 사이에 지원되는 서비스 부류 중 best effort 부류는 가장 낮은 우선순위를 부여받고 예약 ALOHA 기반 MAC 방식의 지원을 받는다. 그러나 무선 MAN 표준안은 MAC 방식의 골격만을 명시할 뿐 세부 요소를 밝히고 있지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 가입자국이 요청을 통해 요구하는 자원의 양과 기지국이 요청에게 부여하는 자원의 양에 집중하여 여러 가지 자원 요구 규칙과 자원 부여 규칙을 제안한다. 이어서 요구 자원의 양과 부여 자원의 양을 결정하는 규칙을 조합하고 이를 MAC 방식의 골격에 접목하여 후보 MAC 방식을 구성한다. 한편 대부분의 자원이 다른 서비스에 의해 선점된 후 희박한 자원만이 best effort 서비스에게 남아 있는 열악한 환경을 예상할 수 있다. 이러한 상황을 인식하여 후보 MAC 방식의 throughput 및 지연 성능을 평가한다. 특히 포화된 환경에서 throughput을 근사적으로 구하는 해석적 방법을 개발한다. 계량적 결과로부터 비개폐식 고갈형 요구 방식과 충족형 부여 방식의 조합을 채택한 후보 MAC 방식이 공평성을 대가로 뛰어난 성능을 보임을 관찰한다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.10-22
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• 2010

Purpose: Through a thorough examination of the CCSC (Community Comprehensive Support Center) system in Japan, this study suggests a scheme to provide community-based preventive health care services for the elderly in Korea. Methods: The study inquired into the applicability of the Japanese model by reviewing the data related to the CCSC project, aided by both in-depth interviews with staff in the field and consultations with specialists. Results: Rearrangement of the Visiting Health Management Project system is needed to manage the collective or individual visiting care management for frailty prevention of the elderly in communities. The delegated service system for preventive care in the community, including direct management by one of the public health centers, also needs to be reviewed and the application of stricter standards for the selection of the agency or corporation to run the delegated service is necessary. Long-Term Care Insurance, along with national and local grants, is to be considered as a financial resource for the community-based preventive health care model for the elderly. By making active use of education rooms at district offices, senior citizen centers in neighborhoods for the elderly with easy access can be created. The project needs to raise active supports from communities, develop programs which can be absorbed into particular local cultures, and promote the understanding of the preventive project in local communities. The preventive program should focus on first solving the problems of depression, seclusion, and lack of mobility of the elderly. Second, the program should instruct physical self-management for exercise-nutrition-dental maintenance, and third, the program should strengthen the cognitive abilities of the elderly. In addition, it is necessary to systematize and implement counter-plans of the family and community to protect the elderly who has mental and cognitive problems. Finally, by establishing a network of public health welfare resources based upon research on a community level, assessment and planning for the health of the elderly should be one with their family, and comprehensive consultation and recommendations should be provided to the family. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the experience Japan has had with respect to a similar project, it is appropriate to develop and implement a service system which would combine the Visiting Health Management Project system which has already been established and a preventive health care model for the elderly on a community level.