• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.292-299
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• 2012

GC/MS has been utilized for many applications due to great resolution and reproducibility, which made it possible to build up the database of mass spectrum, while HS-SPME has the advantage of solventfree extraction of volatile compounds. The combination of these two methods, HS-SPME GC/MS, enabled many scientific applications with various possibilities. In this study, the analysis of trail pheromone excreted from live Camponotus japonicus with the feature of solvent-free extraction was carried out and the optimization for this analysis was performed. The major compounds detected were n-decane, n-undecane, and n-tridecane. Optimization for the best detection of these hydrocarbons was processed in the point of SPME parameter (selection of fiber, extraction temperature, extraction time, etc.). The advantage of the analysis of live sample is to analyze phenomenon right after it is excreted by ants. But the experimental process has restriction of extraction temperature and time because of the analysis of live ants. Establishing the process of HS-SPME GC/MS applied to live samples shown in this study can be a breakthrough for the ecofriendly and ethical research of live things.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.455-462
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• 2022

This study was conducted to find ways to utilize human-centered IT in caring for elderly people who live alone. Through focus group interviews with experts, this study investigated the problems with delivery system, and ethical issues. Problems such as lack of trust, supplier-centered care, and uniform service provision were derived as major problems in the delivery system. These findings indicate that IT should be used as an auxiliary means of face-to-face services and to be controllable and convenient. Issues such as "guaranteeing the right to self-determination," "protecting privacy," "sufficiently guaranteeing the right to know," and "encompassing blind spots" were raised as important ethical issues related to human-centered IT utilization. Based on the research results, this study presented the necessity of designing user-centered information technology and the necessity of developing ethical indicators for the use of human-centered technology.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.1 s.70
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• pp.45-71
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• 2006

The main objective of this study is to analyze problems of the Country of Origin Labeling(COOL) in small live fish(SLF) trade by applying the asymmetric information theory which is called ${\ulcorner}$Lemon Market Theory${\lrcorner}$. The purpose of importing SLF is to enhance fishing household income and import substitution effect as well. SLF importation is quite different in its nature from importing general fish and fish products for final/direct consumption. SLF are imported for the purpose of domestic aquaculture and naturalization where domestic production/supply of SLF is less than domestic demand for or such species are not native to Korean waters. Information asymmetric problems arise even in SLF trade as the same way in general goods and services. However, the information asymmetry issues in SLF trade are much more complex than non-living goods because SLF are traded in the live state. To alleviate such problems the Korean government initiated the general COOL scheme to imported SLF. However, many experts argues that such policy on SLF would not be appropriate because of SLF's very nature. Applying the lemon market theory, we can analyze how information discovery schemes are able to signal correct information to SLF trading parties and to result in more symmetric information in SLF trade markets. This research carried out a case study about small live eel(SLF) trade and its farming. The results showed that applying the COOL to small live eels just right upon coming into fish farms tends to increase substantially fish farmer's income and at the same time to lower unnecessary transaction costs. In particular, such transaction costs by imposing simply the general COOL on SLF may easily outweigh its benefits. For instance, to resolve the problems, the Korean ministry of agriculture and forestry(KMAF) has developed a quite different COOL rules from the general ones and has applied them to imported live cattle and medium/small livestocks. The KMAF's differentiated COOL policy on some imported livestocks may be a good case which can be applied to imported SLF. In addition to the differentiated COOL on SLF, Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and traceability system would play crucial complementary roles in alleviating information asymmetry problems in SLF trade. Advanced fisheries tend to strengthen their SPS system rather than to adopt the general comprehensive COOL schemes into imported SLF trades and domestic market exchanges.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1017-1030
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• 1990

We live in so called information society. The more the technology develops the move the impersonalization deepens and the privacy diminishes. Information society has many privercy, if dehumanization and information inequality. Most receuty, according to the development of varies technology and increase of the use of Computers the more information about private life of individual is stoked and filed by each authority and public services, and if information is leaked by neglignace of these institation the privacy is fallen into the great dange, the law for the positive protection of privacy must be prepared as soon as possible. Therefore the establishment of the comcept of privacy right is established. The legal base of constitutional guarantee, the Relief out of the intringement of ligialative must be explained. These thesis is defined, legal foeks is established.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.297-319
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• 2012

We all know how beautiful our wild and it's importance to our living planet Earth. But did you realise the speed at which man himself is damaging it's unique natural habitat. We are well on our way to destroy our forests, plants, wetlands. We are polluting our oceans and seas. This way, we're driving numerous animal species, plant species and many others into extinction. Everyone should be aware of the importance of our natural environment. We live in the period of echocide. Why we need nature to survive and how we can deal with the environmental problems we face. This paper has the purpose to reform city's environment. Because, Metropolis and megalopolis are the principal cause of environmental disruption. To reform the city is needed to consider digital technology in our age. In the face of economic and cultural globalization, many have argued that we live an increasingly placeless world. However, as a growing number of cities participate and compete in key marketplaces of advanced capitalism, the spectacle of the city is more than ever a significant medium of communication in its own right. In doing so, this work is focused specifically on the dimension of city's media environment. To that end, the paper examined U-City and U-Eco city. In this study, we will introduce the study on model of U-Eco City as one way for the eco-freindly future city.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.105-120
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• 2020

This study explores the process of the actual content production and distribution, by creating a YouTube channel to promote the popular music contents produced by the researcher, which thus reflects the reality where the production of video contents rapidly increases. A YouTube channel titled "Alida Music", of which the focus was to promote indie musicians, was created on February 2019. The contents of 10 indie musicians were produced in one-take live format. The information of the indie musicians was displayed in the form of a screen business card, with their e-mail address and SNS account at the top. Therefore, this promotional design was named "Card Live". Promotional video contents marked with the QR code in the lower right on the screen were produced, along with the promotional phrase "Communicate directly with the artist through the QR code", which allows viewers to watch other contents of the indie musician when they scan the QR code. This research conducted a study on how to improve and promote "Card Live" contents of "Alida Music", which were produced through this process. A group interview targeting five indie musicians, among whom one participant deemed significant was selected to conduct a one-to-one in-depth interview. As a result of the study, the following three conclusions were drawn. First, YouTube was found to be the medium with the greatest influence and highest efficiency at the lowest cost. Second, the evaluation of the participants on "Card Live" were divided into the three categories: need for one-take live, the design elements of "Card Live", and scanning issues of the QR code. Third, there is a need for promotional methods that can effectively utilize the media aspects of YouTube: the channel management issues such as raising public awareness as well as the number of subscribers of "Alida Music" should be resolved and measures to effectively use various media including other SNS should be developed. In terms of its content, it is imperative to recruit diverse performers to make various contents, as well as to come up with ways to link "Card Live" contents with offline. Based on these results, "Card Live" contents should be further revised and complemented in order to provide interesting contents to consumers, which will further develop "Alida Music" as a platform where various musicians and companies meet, thereby inducing contracts with popular music agencies and generating advertising revenues. However, since this study was carried out only with the limited number of participants, future studies should include more participants to bring forth a variety of promotional plans and improvement measures. Also, in the era of consuming contents through smart devices, the fact that some features of "Card Live" were available only on PC, did not fully reflect the characteristics of the times. In the future research, various contents that smartphone users can access and view freely without PC should be produced.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2003

So far, for pearl culture using abalones, a plastic nucleus has been planted in an abalone by perforating the shell. But after planing 80 % of abalones died, and even if they live, the pearl's hardness was not so good. The weak hardness made the pearl valueless. The quality of a pearl is decided by the gloss and the quality of the pearl's layer. This study is to find the right nucleus for abalones and to decrease a death rate of abalones by selecting the right planting place. This study was also performed to obtain valuable pearls with proper size, gloss, and good color. Below is the result of the research; Conch shells out of the various nucleus materials were the best. Their shape, color and gloss were very good. The nucleus was planted in the part that a shell is grown up under the absorption ball, as a result a pearl sack was quickly made. After 15 days, out of every pearl, pearl sacks were made. The pearl formation was measured every month. From the abalone shell which was planted in April, qualitative pearls which was from 5mm to 5.81mm in size were obtained in December.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: Challenges arise when translating pure laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH) results from Asian to Western donors, due to differences in body mass index (BMI). This study compares the outcomes of PLDRH and conventional open donor right hepatectomy (CDRH) in donors with BMI over 30. Methods: Medical records of live liver donors (BMI > 30) undergoing right hepatectomy (2010-2021) were compared: 25 PLDRH cases vs. 19 CDRH cases. Donor and recipient demographics, operative details, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: PLDRH and CDRH had similar donor and recipient characteristics. PLDRH had longer liver removal and warm ischemic times, but a shorter post-liver removal duration than CDRH. Donor complication rates were comparable, with the highest complication being grade IIIa in PLDRH, necessitating needle aspiration for biloma on postoperative day 11. Fortunately, this donor fully recovered without additional treatment. No complications exceeding Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa occurred in either group. Recipient outcomes between the groups were similar. Conclusions: This study supports PLDRH as a viable option for donors with BMI over 30, challenging the notion that high BMI should deter considering PLDRH. The findings provide valuable insights into the safety and feasibility of PLDRH, encouraging further exploration of this technique in diverse donor populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.734-738
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• 2006

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of cold stress on broiler performance and ascites susceptibility. Male chicks were obtained from a commercial strain of broiler breeders. The trial was divided into two treatments (control and cold stress groups). Ascites was induced in broiler chickens in the trial by exposing the chickens to low temperature (Ta) and by supplying a pelleted diet. The two experimental treatments consisted of: 1) Control group, $33.3^{\circ}C$ the $1^{st}$ wk, $30.2^{\circ}C$ the $2^{nd}$ wk, and $27.5^{\circ}C$ the $3^{rd}$ wk. 2) Cold stress group, $29.0^{\circ}C$ the $1^{st}$ wk, $26.4^{\circ}C$ the $2^{nd}$ wk, and $23.1^{\circ}C$ the $3^{rd}$ wk. From the end of the $3^{rd}$ wk all broilers were reared to 6 wk of age at a constant temperature of $21^{\circ}C$. There was significant difference in live BW during wk 1 to 5. The control group was consistently the heaviest; however, at 6 wk of age, both groups weighed the same. Body weight gain up to 3 wk was significantly decreased by cold stress. During wk 3 and 6 the chicks in the cold stress group had greater BW gain compared with the chicks in the control group. There were significant differences in mortality due to ascites between the groups. During wk 3 and 6 the cold stress group exhibited the most ascites mortality (9.52%) when compared with the control group (1.90%). At 5 wk of age cold stress condition caused significant changes in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell counts (RBC). Right ventricle weight was significantly heavier in the cold stress group than the control. There were also significant differences in right ventricle/total ventricle (RV/TV) ratios at 5 wk. the right ventricle/total ventricle ratios in the cold stress group was higher (0.25) than the control group (0.20). It was concluded that, fast growth and cold temperatures are the primary triggers for ascites during commercial broiler production.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.194-197
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• 2023

Ascaris lumbricoides causes one of the most common soil-transmitted helminthiases globally. The worms mostly infect the human small intestine and elicit negligible or nonspecific symptoms, but there are reports of extraintestinal ectopic ascariasis. We describe a rare case of biliary ascariasis mistaken for biliary stent in a 72-year-old female patient with a history of liver resection. She visited our outpatient clinic complaining of right upper quadrant pain and fever for the past week. She had previously undergone left lateral sectionectomy for recurrent biliary and intrahepatic duct stones 2 years ago. Besides mildly elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase levels, her liver function tests were normal. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a linear filling defect closely resembling an internal stent from the common bile duct to the right intrahepatic bile duct. A live female A. lumbricoides adult worm was removed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Despite a significant decrease of the ascariasis prevalence in Korea, cases of biliary ascariasis are still occasionally reported. In this study, a additional case of biliary ascariasis, which was radiologically misdiagnosed as the biliary stent, was described in a hepatic resection patient by the worm recovery with ERCP in Korea.