• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2020

Beef quality is influenced by the fattening period. Therefore, meat metabolomics profiles from the different fattening periods (e.g., short-term vs. long-term) were analyzed for identify potential indicators using nuclear magnetic resonance. Additionally, blood, free fatty acid, sensory, and mineral compositions in Korean steers were determined. Blood, free fatty acid, and mineral concentrations showed significant differences between short-term and long-term groups that were fed different diets. However, there were no sensory differences in the two fattening groups. Additionally, the metabolic profiles of meats were clearly separated based on multivariate orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Six metabolites of variable importance in the projection plot were identified and showed high sensitivity as candidate markers for meat characteristics. In particular, lactate, carnosine, and creatine could be directly linked to scientific indicators of the fattening stage (31 vs. 28 mo) of meat. Our findings suggest that the metabolomics approach could be a powerful method for the detection of novel signatures underlying the managing period of beef.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.514-521
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of crude glycerin from waste vegetable oil (CGWVO) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle chemical composition. Methods: Twenty-four crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) uncastrated male goats ($16.8{\pm}0.46kg$ body weight [BW]) were assigned to a completely randomized design and subjected to four experimental diets containing 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of CGWVO (63.42% of glycerol and 47.78% of crude fat) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets were offered ad libitum as total mixed rations twice daily. The feed intake, feeding behavior, growth performance, carcass and meat traits, and muscle chemical composition were evaluated. Results: Based on this experiment, there were significant differences (p>0.05) among groups regarding DM intake, growth performance, and carcass traits where goats receiving 6% of CGWVO had lower daily DM intake, growth performance, and carcass traits than those fed on 0%, 2%, and 4% of CGWVO. There were no effects of CGWVO on carcass length, carcass width, Longissimus muscle (LM) area, Warner-Bratzler shear force, pH and color of LM at 45 min after slaughter, as well as on other carcass cut and muscle chemical composition. Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of up to 4% of DM in the diets for crossbred finishing goats seems to be the most interesting strategy, since it promotes greatest animal performance. Moreover, this study was a suitable approach to exploit the use of biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil for goat production.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The changes in the climatic conditions have brought potentially significant new challenges, most critical are likely to be its impact on local livelihoods, agriculture, biodiversity and environments. Water induced disasters such as landslides, floods, erratic rain etc., are very common in developing countries which lead to changes in biological, geophysical and socioeconomic elements. The extent of damages caused by natural disasters is more sever in least developing countries. However, disasters affect women and men differently. In most of the cases women have to carry more burden as compared to their male counterpart during the period of disasters. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study examines the impact of disasters on the local livelihood especially agriculture and income generating activities of women in three districts of Nepal. The study uses the primary data collected following an exploratory approach, based on an intensive field study. The general findings of the study revealed that women had to experience hard time as compared to their male counterpart both during and after the disaster happen. Women are responsible for caring their children, collecting firewood, fetching water, collecting grass for livestock and performing household chores. Whereas, men are mainly involved in out-migration and remained out-side home most of the time. After the disaster occurred, most of the women had to struggle to support their lives as well as had to work longer hours than men during reconstruction period. Nepal follows patriarchal system and men can afford more leisure time as compared to women. During the disaster period, some of the households lost their agricultural lands, livestock and other properties. These losses created some additional workload to women respondent, however at the same time; they learn to build confidence, self-respect, self-esteem, and self-dependency.Although Nepal is predominantly agriculture, majority of the farmers are at subsistence level. In addition, men and women have different roles which differ with the variation in agro-production systems. Moreover women are extensively involved in agricultural activities though their importances were not recognized. Denial of land ownership and denial of access to resources as well as migration of male counterparts are some of the major reasons for affecting the agricultural environments for women in Nepal. CONCLUSION: The shelter reconstruction program has definitely brought positive change in women's access to decision making. The gradual increase in number of women respondent in access to decision making in different areas is a positive change and this has also provided them with a unique opportunity to change their gendered status in society.Furthermore, the exodus out-flow of male counterparts accelerated the additional burden and workload on women.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.624-632
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• 2017

Penicillium expansum causes blue mold rot, a prevalent postharvest disease of pome fruit, and is also the main producer of the patulin. However, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in this pathogen-host interaction remains largely unknown. In this work, a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic approach was applied to probe changes in P. expansum 3.3703 cultivated in apple juice medium, which was used to mimic the in planta condition. The results showed that the pH value and reducing sugar content in the apple juice medium decreased whereas the patulin content increased with the growing of P. expansum. A total of 28 protein spots that were up-regulated in P. expansum when grown in apple juice medium were identified. Functional categorization revealed that the identified proteins were mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism, protein biosynthesis or degradation, and redox homeostasis. Remarkably, several induced proteins, including glucose dehydrogenase, galactose oxidase, and FAD-binding monooxygenase, which might be responsible for the observed medium acidification and patulin production, were also detected. Overall, the experimental results provide a comprehensive interpretation of the physiological and proteomic responses of P. expansum to the host plant environment, and future functional characterization of the identified proteins will deepen our understanding of fungi-host interactions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2011

Almost half of New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions arise from agriculture and enteric methane ($CH_4 $) emissions arising from ruminant animals constitute 30% of total $CO_2$-e emissions. Enteric $CH_4$ emissions have increased by 9% since 1990. Extensive research has been undertaken to develop reliable methods for measuring enteric $CH_4$ emissions. New Zealand studies using the SF6 tracer technique suggest that on average this technique yields similar values to the 'gold' standard of calorimetry, but with a larger variance. National inventory estimates based on results obtained using the $SF_6$ technique will therefore overestimate the uncertainty. Mitigating emissions can be achieved by changing feed type but there are practical and cost barriers to the use of alternative feeds. Forages containing condensed tannins do reduce emissions but are agronomically inferior to the forages currently used. Rumen additives have shown some success in-vitro but results from in-vivo trials with both monensin and fumaric acid have been disappointing. The development of methods for directly manipulating rumen microorganisms are at an early stage and work to develop vaccines that can inhibit methanogenesis has yielded mixed results. The successful identification of sheep with contrasting $CH_4$ yields raises the possibility that, in the long term, a breeding approach to $CH_4$ mitigation is feasible.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1675-1681
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to detect positional candidate genes located within the support interval (SI) regions based on the results of red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin quantitative trait locus (QTL) in Sus scrofa chromosome 13, and to verify the correlation between specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the exonic region of the positional candidate gene and the three genetic traits. The flanking markers of the three QTL SI regions are SW38 and S0215. Within the QTL SI regions, 44 genes were located, and runt-related transcription factor 1, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), and potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 15 KCNJ15-which are reported to be related to the hematological traits and clinical features of Down syndrome-were selected as positional candidate genes. The ten SNPs located in the exonic region of the three genes were detected by next generation sequencing. A total of 1,232 pigs of an $F_2$ resource population between Landrace and Korean native pigs were genotyped. To investigate the effects of the three genes on each genotype, a mixed-effect model which is the considering family structure model was used to evaluate the associations between the SNPs and three genetic traits in the $F_2$ intercross population. Among them, the MCV level was highly significant (nominal $p=9.8{\times}10^{-9}$) in association with the DYRK1A-SNP1 (c.2989 G$F_2$ intercross, our approach has limited power to distinguish one particular positional candidate gene from a QTL region.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2013

Witches' broom of lime is a disease caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia, which represents the most significant global threat to the production of lime trees (Citrus aurantifolia). Conventional disease management strategies have shown little success, and new approaches based on genetic engineering need to be considered. The expression of recombinant antibodies and fragments thereof in plant cells is a powerful approach that can be used to suppress plant pathogens. We have developed a single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFvIMP6) against the immunodominant membrane protein (IMP) of witches' broom phytoplasma and expressed it in different plant cell compartments. We isolated scFvIMP6 from a naïve scFv phage display library and expressed it in bacteria to demonstrate its binding activity against both recombinant IMP and intact phytoplasma cells. The expression of scFvIMP6 in plants was evaluated by transferring the scFvIMP6 cDNA to plant expression vectors featuring constitutive or phloem specific promoters in cassettes with or without secretion signals, therefore causing the protein to accumulate either in the cytosol or apoplast. All constructs were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfiltration, and antibodies of the anticipated size were detected by immunoblotting. Plant-derived scFvIMP6 was purified by affinity chromatography, and specific binding to recombinant IMP was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results indicate that scFvIMP6 binds with high activity and can be used for the detection of Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia and is also a suitable candidate for stable expression in lime trees to suppress witches' broom of lime.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권2B호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2009

수자원사업에 의해 공급되는 공업용수는 대상 사업체에서 노동, 자본, 토지 등과 더불어 필수적인 투입재이다. 이러한 투입재의 안정적인 확보는 해당 산업이 부가가치를 창출하는데 매우 중요한 사안이다. 공업용수의 공급이 중단될 시 해당 산업에서의 피해액은 동일한 공급량 기준으로 봤을 때, 생활용수나 농업용수에 비해 매우 크다고 알려져 있다. 이처럼 공업용수의 실제 가치는 직관적으로 매우 높게 인식하고 있으나, 경제성분석을 위한 공업용수의 편익산정에 대한 구체적인 연구는 많지 않았다. 본 연구는 수자원사업으로부터 공급되는 공업용수의 가치를 확인하고, 경제성분석시 공업용수공급편익 추정을 위한 수단으로서 한계생산가치를 산정하였다. Cobb-Douglas 생산함수와 Translog 생산함수를 이용하여 실증분석한 결과, 전국 평균 한계생산가치는 각각 5,427원/$m^3$, 5,583원/$m^3$로 산정되었고, 산업분류별로 11가지 산업에 대한 한계생산가치를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 산업별 한계생산가치는 앞으로 공업용수편익을 산정하는데 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있으리라 판단된다. 또한, 위급상황시 용수배분에 대한 의사결정이나 수자원사업시 비용배분 등의 문제에서 본 연구의 결과는 합리적인 기준을 제공할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1881-1889
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• 2018

Objective: In dryland areas of China, alfalfa hay (AH) is a possible substitute for concentrate feed for beef cattle. To evaluate the potential benefits of this substitution, we studied the effect of the ratio of AH intake to total dry matter (DM) intake on average daily body-weight gain (ADG), dietary energy utilization status, and economic benefit in Gansu province. Methods: In each of two feeding trials in 2016 (trial 1 [T1], July 3 to 17; trial 2 [T2], August 15 to September 23), crossbred male Simmental calves were allocated to low AH (LA), medium AH (MA), and high AH (HA) feeding groups (n = 4 per group). The target ADG was set as 1 kg for both trials. In a one-way-layout design based on conventional feeding practices in the province, calves received diets containing the different AH amounts, with a constant ratio of corn stover:total DM and decreasing rations of concentrate feed proportional to the increase in AH. Calves in T1 received AH at 15% (T1-LA), 23% (T1-MA), or 31% (T1-HA) of their dietary DM allowances; those in T2 received 9% (T2-LA), 24% (T2-MA), or 34% (T2-HA) AH. Results: Among the T1 groups, both ADG and economic benefit were highest in T1-LA; whereas in T2, they were higher in the T2-LA and T2-MA groups than in T2-HA. Energy digestibility did not significantly differ among the groups in either trial. The dietary AH inclusion ratios of 14% in the warm season and 8% to 21% in the cool season appeared to yield optimal ADG, metabolizable energy intake, and economic benefit. Conclusion: Low-level inclusion of AH, ranging from 8% to 21%, is a practical approach for beef cattle feeding. This modified feeding regimen likely will promote increased growth performance during the fattening stage of beef steers in dryland areas of Gansu province, China.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 12호
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• pp.47-50
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• 1970

우리나라 잠업을 발전시킴에 있어 하나의 기본요소는 생산업자의 생산활동을 자극할 수 있는 가격수준이다. 본 분석에서는 잠업의 대회적 제한요인인 국제사가를 상한으로 하여 양잠과 제사부문을 균형적으로 발전시킬 수 있는 균형가격수준의 결정방법에 대한 대체안을 제시코자 하였다. 한국은행의 군민소득회계를 위한 중간집계자료를 주 자료로 각종잠사류관계 자료를 수집분석 하였으나 자료의 제한성이 컸다. 이와 같은 잠업시책연구를 위하여 과학적표본계산에 입각한 자료수집활동의 강화가 절실히 요청된다. 제한된 자료의 범위내에서 분석된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 현재의 생산기술체제하에서 제사부문은 대규모 생산의 상대적 유리성이 인정되며 따라서 대규모의 자본집약적 생산체제로 발전될 가능성이 클 것으로 예상된다. 2. 양잠부문에서는 대규모생산의 유리성이 인정되지 않으며 따라서 현재의 소규모 노동집약적 생산체제로 유지될 것이 예상된다. 새로운 기술체제가 도입되지 않는 한 우리나라 농업이 상업적 영농으로 발전됨에 따라 수익성이 높은 여지의 상품생산으로 전환될 가능성도 없지 않다. 3. 잠사류의 가격변동에 따라 생산에 미치는 영향력은 양잠부문이 제사부문보다 크며 따라서 가격인상에 따라 국민총생산에 미치는 영향은 양잠부문이 제사부문보다 클 것이 예상된다. 4. 우리나라 잠업의 균형적 발전을 위한 잠사류의 균형가격수준은 1963∼69년의 추세로 보아 잠견가격을 8∼16％로 조정인상 하던가 또는 기준가격수준을 6∼8％로 인상하는 것이 합리적이었을 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 생사제조판매비와 잠견의 가격비가 28％ 대 72％로 책정하는 것이 투입된 자원의 생산력을 일치시키는 균형가격비로 분석되었다.