• 제목/요약/키워드: The new and old age group

검색결과 109건 처리시간 0.037초

전북지역 성인의 연령별 닭 메뉴 인지도와 기호도 연구 (A Study on the Recognition and Preference of a Chicken Menu in Adults in the Jeonbuk Area)

  • 노정옥;김지혜
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.12-22
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study investigated the recognition and preference of a chicken menu according to the age of adults in the Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 394 adults (male 55.3%, female 44.7%) residing in the Jeonbuk area. Descriptive and comparative statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. The frequency of consumption of chicken-containing foods for the younger group (20~30 years old) was significantly higher than the frequency of older groups (over 40) (p<0.001). The younger group also consumed chicken food through a delivery service, whereas the older group consumed chicken through delivery and self-cooking. Approximately 50.0% of the older group preferred the chicken leg whereas 38.1% of the younger group preferred the chicken breast (p<0.001). The most highly recognized chicken menu items, among 36 chicken menus, were Samgyetang (2.93), chicken dori-tang (2.93), and fried chicken (2.93). The older group knew about a chicken menu made by traditional cooking much more than the younger group. The most highly preferred chicken menu item was spicy fried chicken (4.18). The preference for Western-style chicken menu (e.g. Cajun chicken salad, chicken sandwich) was significantly higher in the younger group than the older group (p<0.001, p<0.05). Therefore, to develop a new chicken menu, the consideration of favorite chicken parts and an age-based menu is necessary.

정상(正常) 한국인(韓國人)의 폐야(肺野)크기에 대(對)한 조사연구(調査硏究) (A Study on the Size of Lung by Radiographic Method in Normal Korean)

  • 김화곤
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
    • /
    • 제1권1호
    • /
    • pp.69-73
    • /
    • 1978
  • This study was conducted in order to determine width, length of lung by radiographic method. The measurements carried out on normal chest X-ray film of 1,036 persons who took the radiograph from the April of 1977 to the June of 1978. As a result of this study, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. In the case of male, the average width, and length of both side lung size from new birth to nineteen of age was larger than female with the exception of partly age group. 2. Lung size in average width at adult was from 27.60cm to 29.20cm and female was 25.10cm to 26.22cm. 3. The mean length of left lung at adult was from 26.32cm to 25.27cm in female. 4. The average length of right lung at adult was from 25.8cm to 28.35cm in male and female was from 24.86cm to 25.17cm. 5. It was found that lung sige in width and length was slightly increased until 39 years of age, but was trend to decrease it of lung in the age of 40 years old. 6. In the case of adult, the difference of the average length between right and left lung, the length of right lung was slightly shorter than left that.

  • PDF

고령화가 지역 간 분화에 미치는 영향과 조세의 역할 (The Impact of Aging on Regional Differentiation and the Role of Tax)

  • 김승재;김호연
    • 지역연구
    • /
    • 제34권3호
    • /
    • pp.43-54
    • /
    • 2018
  • 본 논문에서는 고령화의 진행이 초래하는 산업집적 패턴의 변화에 대해 신경제지리학적 접근을 통하여 분석하였다. 은퇴인구 변수의 추가는 단기적으로 지역별 물가, 소득, 명목임금 및 실질임금에 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 장기균형 조건으로 채택되는 지역 간 실질임금의 균등화는 은퇴인구를 고려하지 못하므로 간접효용의 균등 조건을 추가하였으며, 새로운 장기균형을 달성케 하는 최적 세액을 제시한다. 은퇴인구의 발생은 모든 지역의 실질임금을 하락시킴과 동시에 효용기준을 만족시키는 특정 지역 제조업 종사자 비율의 지점을 하락시켜 제조업의 집적을 방해하는 반면, 세금은 은퇴인구가 발생한 지역의 효용과 실질임금을 높이고 다른 지역의 효용과 실질임금을 낮춘다. 이러한 상황에서 지역 간 실질임금 및 간접효용 비율이 같아지는 제조업 인구의 비율과 세금의 조합이 존재한다. 정부가 정액세의 부과를 통해 실질임금을 적절히 조정한다면 모든 지역에서 실질임금의 급격한 하락을 막으면서 효용수준을 안정시킬 수 있다.

모바일 쇼핑 활성화를 위한 스마트폰 패션 어플리케이션에 대한 탐색적 연구 (An Exploratory Study of Smartphone Fashion Application to Promote Mobile Shopping)

  • 성희원
    • 한국의류산업학회지
    • /
    • 제14권6호
    • /
    • pp.941-951
    • /
    • 2012
  • As smartphones permeate the consumer lifestyle, branded application and mobile shopping have also received increased attention as an important marketing channel. This study identifies the general information about the use of smartphones, attitudes toward fashion applications, and mobile shopping intentions for smartphone users. Focus group interviews were conducted and 22 interviewees participated. The age of the participants ranged from 21 to 45 years old (55% were females). When examining the motivation to adopt a smartphone, respondents presented the comparable characteristics of early adopters and late adopters according to the time of adoption. Most respondents over the age of 30 showed some troubles to use a smartphone; however, participants in their 20s tended to enjoy exploring the new technology. More than half of respondents were aware of fashion applications, but were dissatisfied with fashion apps and used them infrequently. Respondents pointed out that fashion related apps were not too practical because they were not updated regularly, provided only limited information, and focused on brand promotions. In order to increase the intention to adopt mobile shopping, the price and payment security system needs to be considered. This was an exploratory study to identify the possibility of fashion branded apps as a major distribution channel. The findings of this study provide fundamental information to formulate marketing strategies for fashion businesses that have developed fashion apps.

보건소등록결핵환자(保健所登錄結核患者)에 대(對)한 사회의학적(社會醫學的) 조사연구(調査硏究) (A Follow-up Survey on the Socio-medical Status of the Drop-out Cases of Tuberculosis in Jeonju Health Center)

  • 김종순
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • /
    • 제7권1호
    • /
    • pp.123-130
    • /
    • 1974
  • A socio-medical survey was carried out on 1,108 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis who had registered and 220 cases unregistered at Jeonju health center in 1973, during from June 1 to July 31, 1974. As the results of this survey, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Of the total 1,108 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis there were 708 new cases, while remaining 400 were old cases and rate of registration was 4.0 per thousand person. 2. The highest rate of registration of the newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis could be found in bacteriological examination while 54.4 per cent in X-ray examination. 3. As for the educational status of the tuberculosis patients, primary school graduates contituted the greatest proportion or 64.6 per cent, middle school graduates 13.6 per cent, high school graduates 6.8 per cent and collge graduates only 0.7 per cent. 4. By age group of the cases, at age of 20 to 29 years occupied 23.6 per cent (262 out of 1,108 cases), 17.9 per cent at age of 40 to 49 years. 5. The greatest proportion or 38.4 per cent of the cases had no occupation. 6. The living standard of the patient's household, low class constituted 60.6 per cent of the total households. 7. By distribution of residential area, farming area was 5.0 per thousand person, 4.0 in downtwon and suburban areas. 8. The greatest proportion or 70.0 per cent of positive cases in X-ray examination was unregistered in August, 63.6 per cent in July 1973. 9. 220 out of 1,108 cases(19.9%) were unregistered pulmonary tuberculosis in X-ray and bacteriological examinations. 10. For age groups of unregistered caes, most prevalent age group was 30 to 39. 11. Regarding on the cases of unregistration, 'indifference for disease' occupied highest rate with 31.9 percent' and 'private secret' with 15.7 per cent. 12. Of the total 457 cases drop-outed, there were 78 complete heald cases while remaining 207 inactive.

  • PDF

"서울, 경기 지역 치과경기소장의 전문대학 치기공과 출신 치기공사에 대한 만족도 조사" (A study on Satisfactory Degree of Dental Laboratory Heads about Dental Technician Who graduated form Junior college in Seoul and Kyoung Gi)

  • 민병국
    • 대한치과기공학회지
    • /
    • 제11권1호
    • /
    • pp.23-34
    • /
    • 1989
  • The great sudenn change of circle of dental laboratory technology brought mary discord between the new growing environmental group and the old group, In order to know the satisfactory degree of dental laboratory heads about all dental College, This Study was conducted for 49 detal technicians who graduated from junior laboratory heads in Seoul and Kyoung Gi area. The results are abtained as follow- 1. By age The degree of Satisfaction of items about all graduate dental technician were "41$\sim$45 age" group 26.53%), "46$\sim$50 age" group 22.45%, "36$\sim$40 age" group 18.36%, "31$\sim$35 age" group 12.24%, "51$\sim$55 age" group and "56$\sim$60 age" group 8.16% 60$\sim$age group 4.08% in order. 2. By Job Career. The Highest degree item out of Satisfaction about all graduated dental dental technician was 21$\sim$25 years group 28.5%, 16$\sim$20 years 20.4%, 11$\sim$15 years group 12.24%, 26$\sim$20%, 6$\sim$10 years group 4.08%, below 5 years group 2.04% in order. 3. By managing term of respondent's dental laboratory. The Satisfactory degree of items about all gradate technician were 7$\sim$10 years group 36.73% over 15 years group 22.45%, 11$\sim$14 years group 20.41%, 3$\sim$6 years group 14.29% below 2 years group 6.12% in order 4. By dental technician number of respondent's dental laboratory. The satisfactory degree intems about man were as follow; 6$\sim$9 persons group is 42.86 % The Satisfactory degree items about woman were one persons group in 34.69% 5. By born place The dental laboratory heads mean of inters about all dental technician were Seoul group 20.64 %, Kyoung Gi 17.20 %, Jen Nam group 14.99 % Chung Nam 9.5%in order 6. The satisfactory degree of items about all graduate dental technician were neither good nor bad group 32.65%, bad 6.12%, By ability of adaptaton, The satisfactory degree items about man were neither good nor bad group 42.86%, bad group 40.82%. The satisfactory degree of items about woman were neither good nor bad group 40.82% bad group 36.73%. 7. By sincerity. The satisfactory degree of items about man dental technician who graduated from Junior College were neither good nor bad group 52.02%, bad group 4.08, The satisfactory degree about woman dental technician graduated from Junior College were neither good nor bad group 42.86%, bad group 6.12%. 8. By ability of basical of items about man were bad group 40.82 %. The satisfactory degree about woman were 46.94%. 9. By cooperation relation ship. The satisfactory degree of items about man were neither good nor bad group 42.86%, bad group 10.20%. The satisfactory degree about woman were neither good nor bad group 42.86%, bad group 10.20 %. 10. By ability of work. The satisfactory degree of items about man were neither good nor bad group 48.98%, bad group 4.08%. The satisfactory degree about woman were neither good nor bad group 42.86%, bad group 6.12 %. 11. By the curriculum of the dental technician. The satisfactory degree of items about man were neither good nor bad group 67.35%, bad group 2.04%, The satisfactory degree about woman were neither good nor bad group 61.22%, bad group 6.12%. 12. By occupational satisfaction. The satisfactory degree of items about all graduate dental technician were fatisfied group 14.29%. By the out look of employment. The satisfactory degree of items about man greduate dental technician were neither good nor bad group 34.69 %, bad group 10.20%, about woman graduate dental technician were neither good nor bad group 44.90%, bad group 10.20%, Their employment prospect is not so bright or oprimistic due to the glut supply by graduates in the job-seeking market 13. The satisfactory rate on the artificial dental manufacturing world in terms of effects produced by juror College graduate dental technicians shared good group 40.82% bad group 2.04% 14. By cognition of the number of graduate dental technician. The satisfactory degree of dental laboratory heads about man graduate dental technician were too many group 38.78%, few group 6.12% about woman graduated dental technician were neither good nor bad group 30.6% few group 10,20%, The employment opportunities for the artifical dental technicians are getting decreased because of their excessive cumber in supply 15. The opinion regarding the initial salary. ranging from \160,000 to \200,000 for the junior college graduate dental technicians shared 57.14%. The top ratio, while the satisfaction reate on the academic study period of "3-year" group shared 22%, also the top ratio. 16. The improvement policy and prblematic issues presonted by the owner and operatore of atriticial dental manufacturing plants are as shown below First; The viewpoint that they contribute to the improvement of people's oral health in terms of their mission as artificial dental technicians. Second: The cultivation of basic technical ability to cope with clinical practice upon graduation Third; They require guidance in study and research in their filed of profession, that tray may beable to estaclish a from theory.

  • PDF

Age Estimation Based on Mandibular Premolar and Molar Development: A Pilot Study

  • Roh, Byung-Yoon;Kim, Eui-Joo;Seo, In-Soo;Kim, Hyeong-Geon;Ryu, Hye-Won;Lee, Ju-Heon;Seo, Yo-Seob;Ryu, Ji-Won;Ahn, Jong-Mo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
    • /
    • 제46권4호
    • /
    • pp.125-130
    • /
    • 2021
  • Purpose: The dental age estimation of children is performed using dental maturity. Postmortem missing of the anterior teeth or the distortion of image of the anterior teeth in panoramic radiographs can make it difficult to analyze the development of the anterior teeth. This pilot study was conducted to derive a new age estimation method based only on the developmental stage of mandibular posterior teeth. Methods: This study was conducted using panoramic radiographs of 650 subjects aged 3 to 15 years old. The dental developmental stages of the lower left first premolar, second premolar, first molar and second molar were evaluated according to the Demirjian's criteria. The intra-/inter-observer reliability was evaluated, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed including the developmental stage of each tooth as an independent variable. Results: The intra-/inter-observer reliability was 0.9626 and 0.8877, respectively, and showed very high reproducibility. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for males and females, and the age calculation table was derived by obtaining the intercept and the coefficient according to the development stage of each tooth. The coefficient of determination (r2) of the age calculation method was 0.9634 for male and 0.9570 for female subjects, and the mean difference between chronological age and estimated dental age was -0.42 and -0.21, respectively. Conclusions: This pilot study evaluated the developmental stages of four lower posterior teeth in the Korean group according to Demirjian's criteria, and derived age estimation method. The accuracy was lower than when more teeth were used, but it will be useful to estimate age of children when the anterior teeth are difficult to accurately analyze.

고령자의 맥상 특성에 대한 맥파분석적인 연구 (Study on the character of the old aged pulsation)

  • 김경철;이정원;류경호;강희정
    • 대한한의진단학회지
    • /
    • 제12권2호
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 2008
  • Objectives: The basis research of aged people's healthcare technology is very important, because our nation goes into an aged society rapidly. Especially in traditional medicine, pulse shapes of aged people were supposed to weak and empty pulse until now, but any objective measurement and compare research do not taken. Methods and Results: Therefore in this study we design observation study to find characteristic of pulse between younger group (age $20{\sim}30$) and elder group (age $43{\sim}80$) in Busan area. We used 3-dimensional pulse analyzer '3-D MAC' (Daeyomedi Co., Ltd.). And major parameters for comparison are 1) pulse height (h1), 2) applied pressure, 3) pulse power (energy), 4) high pressure duration (w) and 5) R-AI. Conclusions: According to analysis result, elder people's pulse has more large value in pulse height, applied pressure and pulse power than younger's that. It reveals that elder people in modernized lifestyle has Yang symptoms as well Yin symptoms. Consequently we need new method to care elder people's health, and this means more important direction than old text book. From now on verification research with objective diagnosis device like 3-D MAC, must be activated to build of evidence in traditional medicine. Cause traditional medicine's spirit of care and prevention is suitable to care elder people's cardiac and cerebral vascular disease those are have close relation with elder people.

  • PDF

Kaposi수두양 발진 3예 (Three Cases of Kaposi's Varicelliform Eruption)

  • 김현석;황계영;최종수;김기홍
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
    • /
    • 제4권2호
    • /
    • pp.205-210
    • /
    • 1987
  • 저자들은 기종피부질환으로 아토피 피부염을 가진 환자에서 발생한 herpes virus에 의한 것으로 추정되는 Kaposi 수두양 발진 3예를 경험하였고 acyclovir를 사용하여 현저한 치유효과를 보았다.

  • PDF

철강공장 근로자를 대상으로 살펴본 소음성 난청 진단기준에 관한 조사 (A Study on Diagnostic Criteria of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss among Workers in an Iron Foundry)

  • 김지용;임현술;정해관;문옥륜
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • /
    • 제26권3호
    • /
    • pp.371-386
    • /
    • 1993
  • This study was carried out to evaluate diagnostic criteria of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among-workers in an iron foundry. Of 1,093 workers under the observation of noise-specific health examination, 184 workers were selected by way of first and second screening audiometric examination. A questionnaire survey, otological examinations, Rinne test and audiometric test were performed and the results were as follows ; The degree of hearing impairment in the left ear was more severe than in the right ear (p<0.05). The difference between hearing threshold of the first and the second hearing test at 1,000 Hz was about 5 dB with a narrow range of deviations while the difference at 4,000 Hz was about -7 dB with a wide range. Of the total study workers, 84.8% were tested within 15 hours away from noise exposure, and the rest after 16 hours. This study has identified that mean hearing loss at 4,000 Hz showed a significant statistical difference among the two study groups while mean hearing loss by 4-divided classification did not. The same phenomena were observed between the group with and without tinnitus and between the group with and without difficulty in hearing (p<0.05). Among 184 workers, 10 workers (5.4%) diagnosed as NIHL by old diagnostic criteria in contrast to 150 workers diagnosed as NIHL by the new diagnostic criteria. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the average hearing loss at 4,000 Hz and 4-divided classification (p<0.01), but there were no significant differences in age, the duration of employment, blood pressure and the duration wearing the personal hearing protector (p>0.05). If we apply Early Loss Index (ELI) method, some workers in younger age group diagnosed as NIHL by the new diagnostic criteria were fallen into within the normal range. In the mean time older age group show reverse results in contrast to the above finding. It is too early to confirm the value of the usage of the new diagnostic criteria in hearing examination. Further study is called for to verify the value of this criteria.

  • PDF