• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2006

1. Objectives This paper was written in order ro understand the conception on YangQi and YinQi in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Specially that were focused on the discourse of the symptoms and diseases. 2. Methods We analysis YangQi and YinQi in Gabobon(甲午本) and Sinchukbon(辛丑本) of ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$ 3. Results and Conclusions The symptomatic-pharmacology of Soeunin and Soyangin was base on the master of reserving life(保命之主). YangQi is ascending Qi and YinQi is descending Qi. that conception is Qi of the large and small organ. And that is appeared hot or cold Qi in body. The influential competition of YinYang is focused on primordial Qi(正氣) of small organ in Gabobon. And focused on small organ's the primordial Qi of the exterior disease and large that of the interior disease in Sinchukbon. YangQi is divided to physiological that and patholgical that at the discourse on the Soyangin’s interior disease in the Sinchukbon. Because YinQi is in proportion to physiological YangQi and inverse proportion to pathological YangQi, physiological that is similar to weak and strong of YinQi that is the master of reserving life. So ascending Yang of Soyangin is more correct as ascending physiological that. YinQi is not divided to physiologica that and patholgical that at the discourse on the Soeumin's interior disease in the Sinchukbon like Soyangin's that. But there is more reasonable that divid physiological YinQi and patholgical that. So descending Yin of Soeumin is more correct as descending physiological that.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objectives This paper was tried to find out Dongmu Lee Je-ma's concept about the exterior disease and the interior disease. Methods The study was researched as bibliologically with Dongmu Lee Je-ma's writings such as "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang Chobongyun", "Dongyi Suse Bowon" written in 1894, "Dongyi Suse Bowon" published in 1901 Results and Conclusion The conclusions were as follows 1. In Dongmu Lee Je-ma's book, There are no clear definition about the concept of the exterior disease and the interior disease. 2. At Dongmu's early works, the exterior disease and the interior disease were classified by the cause and the region of a disease. On the other hand, That wewe reclassified by the characteristic of Constitutional symptoms at "Dongyi Suse Bowon" published in 1901 3. In Dongmu Lee Je-ma's concept, If men is damaged the exterior Qi(表氣), he will be sick 'he exterior disease'. The other hand, If men is damaged the interior Qi(裏氣), he will be sick 'the interior disease'.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2009

1. Objectives: This research was proposed to find out the pathology of Soyangin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). 2. Methods: The related contents of the pathology of Soyangin were selected in Je-Ma Lee's literatures such as "Dongmu-YuGo(東武遺稿)"(DYG), "Donguisusebowon-SaSangchobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)"(DSS), "Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)"(DGO), "Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)"(DSC), and the research was written in order to find out the physiology and pathology of Soyangin in SCM. 3. Results and Conclusions: The chronical change of pathologic concept in Soyangin diseases as follows : Pathology in Soyangin diseases was much Hot Qi(熱氣), and more ascending Qi, less descending Qi in DYG, DSS. In "Discourse on the viscera and bowels" of DGO and DSC, Soyangin has a circulation of Water-Food Hot Qi of Spleen Group(脾黨) and Water-Food Cold Qi of Kidney Group(腎黨). Exterior Disease(表病) was the injury of Exterior-Qi such as mouth-hip Qi(口膀胱氣) by Anger-Nature-Qi(怒性氣), and Interior Disease(裏病) was the injury of Interior-Qi such as kidney-large intestine Qi(腎大腸氣) by Sorrow-Emotion-Qi(哀情氣). All diseases of Soyangin are caused by insufficient Cool Yin Qi(陰淸之氣) in Kidney Group(腎黨), so the pathology of Soyangin was focused on Requisite energy(保命之主) and each small viscera and bowels(偏小之臟). In this viewpoint, the schema of Soyangin diseases such as Soyangsangpoong-syndrome(少陽傷風證), Kyulhyung-syndrome(結胸證), Mangeum-syndrome(亡陰證), Hyungkyukyeol-syndrome(胸膈熱證), Sogal-syndrome(消渴證) and Eumhuoyeol-syndrome(陰虛午熱證) were designed to explain the mechanism of each syndrome.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.27-41
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• 2009

1. Objectives : This research was proposed to find our the pathology of Soeumin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). 2. Methods : The related contents of the pathology of Soeumin were selected in Je-Ma Lee's literatures such as "Dongmu-YuGo(東武遺稿)"(DYG), "Donguisusebowon-SaSangchobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)"(DSS), "Donguisusebowon-GabObon(東醫壽世保元甲午本)"(DGO), "Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon(東醫壽世保元辛丑本)"(DSC), and the research was written in order to find out the physiology and pathology of Soeumin in SCM. 3. Results and Conclusions : The chronical change of pathologic concept in Soeumin diseases as follows: Pathology in Soeumin diseases was much Cold Qi(寒氣), and more descending Qi, less ascending Qi in DYG, DSS. In "Discourse on the viscera and bowels" of DGO and DSC, Soeumin has a circulation of Water-Food Hot Qi of Spleen Group(脾黨) and Water-Food Cold Qi of Kidney Group(腎黨). Exterior Disease(表病) was the injury of Exterior-Qi such as eye-shoulder Qi(目膂氣) by Pleasure-Nature-Qi(樂性氣), and Interior Disease(裏病) was the injury of Interior-Qi such as spleen-stomach Qi(脾胃氣) by Joy-Emotion-Qi(喜情氣). All diseases of Soeumin are caused by insufficient Warm Yang Qi(陽煖之氣) in Spleen Group(脾黨), so the pathology of Soeumin was focused on Requisite energy(保命之主) and each small viscera and bowels(偏小之臟). In this viewpoint, the schema of Soeumin diseases such as Ulkwang-syndrome(鬱狂證), Mangyang-syndrome(亡陽證), Taeum-syndrome(太陰證) and Soeum-syndrome(少陰證) were designed to explain the mechanism of each syndrome.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 2007

Traditional Medicine (TM) is called as philosophical medicine in Korea. An unified theory named as Sihnsang-hanron (SSHR) was hypothesized through studies of scientific analyses on various theories of TM. SSHR has extracted seven concepts which are six common ones from the great three books (三大原典) and the Logic of Laotzu & Chuangtzu (老莊思想). Six common concepts are the affecting by cold (傷寒), qi (氣), cold or heat (寒熱), exterior & interior of body (表裏), deficiency or excessiveness (虛實), and yin & yang (陰陽). We have tried to apply these seven concepts to Physics and Life Science. The affecting by cold means anti-sunlight and the origin of all diseases. The difference between TM and modern medical science would be in diagnostic methods as well as their theoretical analyses for various diseases. The modern science follows Haeckel's positive dialectics applied by the biological monism, and oriental one(SSHR) does Yin-Yang monism from the studies of Logic of Laotzu (老子) & Chuangtzu (莊子). SSHR would make the theory of exterior & interior of body (表裏論) and six channels (六經) develope scientifically as a diagnostic technique of disease. This theory is an excellent one that can't be found out in modern medical science, and so it should be developed as a scientific theory by using modern mechanic instrument. Chuangtzu asserted that ai was the basic substance of the universe. It is hypothesized that qi (氣) is like small particles -higgs, with dynamic power in modern Physics. We consider cautiously qi could be calculated by mathematics through higgs' bosons in near future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.362-371
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• 2020

In order to find out the relationship between the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Yin-Yang, Exterior-Interior and the Sasang constitution, we analyzed the clinical data from 500 women with menstrual pain and women without menstrual pain. In the previous study, the subject's information of Typology Complexion Pulse and Symptom was collected, and Eight Principle Pattern Identification was executed based on this. Later, The relationship between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification was statistically analyzed. The obvious difference between the experimental group and the control group in the patterns of Yin-Yang and Exterior-Interior is that patients who complain of menstrual pain do not maintain harmony with the yin-yang ratio, it can be said that the patterns of Yin-Yang and Exterior-Interior can be a identification standard that significantly obscures the condition of the disease. There was a significant difference between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Yin-Yang. There was no significant difference between the Sasang constitution and the Eight Principle Pattern Identification of Exterior-Interior. It is assumed that the relationship between the Eight Principle Pattern Identification and the Sasang constitution has changed depending on the difference a view of emotional Qi and pathogenic Qi.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.111-133
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this paper is to examine the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating, their relationship and how the explanations of their mechanisms have changed over the course of time, through examination of past discussions on spontaneous sweating and night sweating. Methods : Contents in classical medical texts that mention the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating among search results from databases such as the Siku Quanshu were analyzed, followed by examination of each of their mechanisms, and their relationship with each other. Results & Conclusions : The cause of night sweating before the 『Danxixinfa』 was seen to be caused by yang deficiency in relation to problems of Exterior Qi and the theory of 'Heart governs perspiration', as the focus was on the phenomenon of sweating. However, it seems that yin deficiency came to be seen as playing a more fundamental role in the process of determining the root cause of night sweating. Moreover, Zhu Danxi's emphasis on nurturing yin, the composition of Dangguiliuhuangtang, and the development of the fire-heat pathology since the Jin Yuan period added to this shift in perspective. Night sweating from Shanghan could be seen as a sign of the already damaged Exterior Qi becoming more deficient while the pathogenic qi is in the half-exterior-half-interior zone, or as the pathogenic qi which entered with the Exterior Qi unsettling yin, or as a result of heat that is produced in the struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi that happens when Exterior Qi enters. Night sweating from miscellaneous disease could be seen as a sign of a deficient exterior that resulted from excessive entering of the Exterior Qi during yin deficiency, or resulting from relatively excessive Exterior Qi to deficient yin, producing heat that leads to sweating. If yin is not cultivated during the night but rather consumed leading to deficiency of Exterior Qi which also needs to be cultivated during night time, it could result in sweating.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2001

We analyzed 57 types of herbal medicines for Soeumin, clinically applied in Dongyisoosebowon. In order co discover the standard of herbal classification for the Sasang Constitutions, four concepts of Sasang Medicine were applied. These included 'Sadangron (theory of four groups)', 'Seungganggaehap(ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)', 'Pyorihanyoul(exterior-interior and hot-cold)', and 'Hyungchiaekmi(fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)'. According to these analyzing methods of herbal properties, we have reached the following conclusions: 1. Lee Je-ma first established the physiology of the internal organs of the Sasang Constitutions through the understanding of constitutional pathology. Dr. Lee then classified herbal medicines into four constitutional groups by observing the herbal effects according to such perspective of organ physiology and pathology. 2. Among the Sasang concepts applied in the analysis of herbal properties based on the physiology and pathology of Sasang constitutions, 'Seungganggaehap (ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)' was found to be the most useful. Meanwhile, 'Sadangron, (the theory of four groups - Spirit, Qi, Blood and Essence),' along with 'Pyorihanyoul (exterior-interior and hot-cold)' and 'Hyungchiaekmi (fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)' were partially useful. 3. Herbal medicines for Soeumin are characterized by ascending energetics that protect the Yang Qi. The 'Exterior heat disease' is treated with herbal medicines that raise the "Exterior Yang" in three different way: by tonifying Qi. by tonifying Blood and by releasing exterior. The 'Interior cold disease' is treated with herbal medicines that descend "Interior Yin" in two ways. One by warming the stomach, and the other by regulating Qi. 4. Cases where a whole category of herbs with the same effect have been applied co one constitution, are most frequent among Shaoyin herbs. There was an intimate connection between the treatment methods and the traditional effects of herbs for 'Soewnin'. These discoveries allowed us to see that the development of the pharmacology of the Sasang Constitutional pathology more progressed in 'Soeumin'. *analysing simple herbs of "DongEuiBoGam JangBu" we compare JangBu of traditional oriental medicine with JangBu of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. So we can comprehend the JangBu's difference of traditional-oriental with sasang-constitional medicine.

• 중국학논총
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• no.70
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• pp.169-195
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• 2021

The spatial background is a key element in the development of the character's identity. It is very important to understand the symbolic significance of the spatial background in Eileen Chang's Chuan Qi, a collection of short stories and novellas. The space in Chang's Chuan Qi largely consists of Shanghai and Hong Kong. Smaller spaces include the characters' abodes, such as the mansion and apartment. Even smaller spaces are the interior of a room. The mansion is where she experienced abuse and neglect from her father during her adolescence. The apartment is a place of attachment, as was the place where she lived with her mother. This paper categorizes the mansion, her father's abode, as "a place of daydreams," "a place of death and graves," and the apartment, her mother's abode, as "a place of female independence," "a place of hope for a better life," This paper then examines these spaces to analyze how the symbolic meaning of space influences the identity of the characters.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.281-294
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the abdominal symptoms of Sasang constitutional disease to make the basis for the clinical treatment. Methods The study focused on the abdominal symptoms of Soeumin written in "Dongeuisusebowon" and compared it with "Shanghanlun" and "Dongeuibogam". Results & Conclusions Abdominal symptoms of Soeumin exterior disease usually appeared in lower abdomen caused by deficiency of ascending of Kidney yang qi, and abdominal symptoms of Soeumin interior disease were related to degree of warm qi of the stomach and cold qi of the large intestine.