• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2007

Grould Reaction force(GRF) is important in human movements and GRF measurements are one of the most frequently used tool in biomechanical studies. In the studies of the golf swing motion, people refer to GRF as weight transfer. A successful golf swing motion requires many segments activation sequences which are controled by the nerve system. Due to the inter- and intra-individual variability of the human movement and the movement strategies, reliability of the measurements are important in human movement studies. Previous golf researches were based on group studies and certain events' values were analyzed. The purposes of this study were to determine the number of trials for the reliable golf swing GRF data collection, to reveal the variability level of the meaningful components of the golf swing GRF, and to classify the types of the golf swing GRF patterns. Twenty three male professional golfers($26.4{\pm}6.6$ years, $174.3{\pm}5.2\;cm$, $71.3{\pm}6.5\;kg$) signed an informed consent form prior to participation in this study. GRFs of driver swings were collected with Kistler 9285 force platform and 9865A amplifier, and calculated by the KwonGRF program(Visol, Korea). Sampling frequency was 1080 Hz. GRF data were trimmed from 1.5 s prior to the impact to 0.5 s after the impact. The number of trials for the reliable GRF collection was determined when the change in floating mean overs the 25 % of the standard deviation of that variable. Variabilities of the variables were determined by the coefficient of variation(CV) of 10 %. The types of GRF patterns were determined by visual inspection of the peak GRF shapes. The minimum number of trials for the reliable golf swing GRF data collection was five. Ten-trial seems more conservative. The value of the peak GRF was more reliable than the value of the impact GRF. The CV of the peak GRF and impact GRF were 7.4 %, 15.2 %, respectively. Because of the +/- sigh of the peak GRF appearance time, it was impossible to calculate CV of the peak GRF appearance time. Golf swing GRF patterns were classified as sing peak type, double peak type, and plateau peak type. This classification suggests the presence of the different golf swing weight transfer strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

Background: The blind sacroiliac joint (SIJ) block cannot always be performed accurately; it is commonly performed in the office based setting because intraarticular and periarticular injections are effective for SIJ pain. However, knowledge on the surface anatomy of the SIJ is lacking. The purpose of this study was to analyze the surface anatomical location of the posterior-inferior margin of the SIJ. Methods: After informed consent was obtained, fifty patients undergoing SIJ block in the prone position were examined. The oblique angles where the anterior-inferior margin and the posterior-inferior margin of the SIJ overlap on X-ray were evaluated. In addition, the surface anatomical relationships between the posterior-inferior margin of the SIJ on X-ray and the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and sacral hiatus by palpation were assessed. Results: The oblique angle was $5.4{\pm}2.9^{\circ}$. The vertical and transverse distance between the posterior-inferior margin of the SIJ and PSIS were $3.8{\pm}0.8cm$ and $0.9{\pm}0.6cm$, respectively. The vertical and transverse distance between the posterior-inferior margin of the SIJ and the midpoint of the sacral hiatus were $3.4{\pm}0.7cm$ and $3.9{\pm}0.6cm$, respectively. Only the vertical distance between the posterior-inferior margin of the SIJ and PSIS showed significant difference between the male and the female groups (P = 0.0016). Conclusions: The measurements in this study can be used as a reference standards for the blind SIJ block.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.402-407
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• 2010

Introduction: The planning of implant surgery is an important factor for the implant prosthesis. Stereolithographic (SLA) surgical stents based on a computer simulation are quite helpful for clinicians to perform the surgery as planned. Although many clinical and technical trials have been performed for computed tomography (CT)-guided implant stents to improve the surgical procedures and prosthetic treatment, there are still many problems to solve. We developed a system of a surgical guide based on 3 dimensional (3D) CT for implant therapy and achieved satisfactory results in the terms of planning and operation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients were selected and 30 implant fixtures were installed. The preoperative CT data for surgical planning were prepared after obtaining informed consent. Surgical planning was performed using the simulation program, Ondemend3D In2Guide. The stents were fabricated based on the simulation data containing information of the residual bone, the location of the nerve, and the expected design of the prostheses. After surgery with these customized stents, the accuracy and reproducibility of implant surgery were evaluated based on the computer simulation. The data of postoperative CT were used to confirm this system using the image fusion technique and compare the implant fixtures between the planned and implanted. Results: The mean error was 1.18 (${\pm}0.73$) mm at the occlusal center, 1.23 (${\pm}0.67$) mm at the apical center, and the axis error between the two fixtures was $3.25^{\circ}C$ (${\pm}3.00$). These stents showed superior accuracy in maxilla cases. The lateral side error at the apical center was significantly different from the error at the occlusal center but there were no significant differences between the premolars, 1st molars and 2nd molars. Conclusion: SLA surgical stents based on a computer simulation have the satisfactory accuracy and are expected to be useful for accurate planning and surgery if some errors can be improved.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2007

목적: 이 연구에서는 갑상선 암 수술 후 방사선요오드-131 치료를 받은 환자가 방사선 안전 퇴원 기준에 따라 즉시 퇴원 했을 때 환자의 가족이 받는 방사선량을 측정하여 정부의 허용범위와 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 의사가 설명한 방사선 안전지침을 이해하고 그대로 준수하기로 동의한 11명의 외래 환자에게 3.70 - 5.55 GBq의 NaI-131을 투여하고 가족과 환자가 생활하는 방 주변의 방사선량을 측정하였다. 결과: 환자의 가족이 받은 최대 방사선량은 정부의 허용범위 보다 훨씬 적은(5% 이내) 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구자들은 외래환자 I-131 치료가 안전하다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 외래환자 I-131 치료를 통해 격리 시설부족으로 인한 치료지연을 줄일 수 있고, 앞으로 갑상선 암환자 치료 관리에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 확신한다. 또한 환자와 정부의 의료비용 절감 효과도 기대된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This research is performed through the analysis of the dental technology students' life-style factors of their daily lives that have a close relation with health, and the self-reported symptoms which are related to psychosomatic diseases, for the production of basic data for the change of life-styles and the development of educational programmes. Methods: This research has been performed through questionnaires from the beginning of October of 2014 till the end of November through the Dental Technology students of G-do, chosen by random sampling method after informed consent, where out of the 270 papers, 258 results were used for the analysis. Results: Firstly, the results of the research was as follows: Non-smokers accounted for 61.2%, student who did not do regular physical activities accounted for 50.4%, students who had sleeping hours of 6 to 7 hours accounted for 35.7%, students who eat snacks accounted for 63.2%, students who eat breakfast once to twice a week accounted for 30.6%, students who had an average number of drinks of once to twice a week accounted for 39.9%, and students with BMI of '$18.5^{\circ}{{\neq}}22.9$' accounted for 56.2%, being the highest. Secondly, in gender, smoking (p<.001), regular physical activity (p<.001), BMI (p<.001), eat snacks (p<.05), average number of drinks (p<.05), and of the health check-up, eat breakfast (p<.05), of the year level, eat snack (p<.01), BMI (p<.01), hours of sleep (p<.05), of major satisfaction, regular physical activity (p<.01), and BMI (p<.05), and there was a significant statistical difference, but there were no significant statistical difference in religion. Thirdly, of the bodily self-reported symptoms of the correlation analysis within the life-style variables and the self-reported symptoms, multiple subjective symptoms (I), respiratory (A), eye and skin (B), and digestive organs (C) were the highest in the correlation analysis with regular physical activity (p<.01), and of mental health, impulsiveness (H), mental instability (J), and depression (K) showed highest results in correlation analysis with regular physical activity (p<.01, p<.05), lie scale (L) and irregular and life (G) with eat breakfast (p<.01), and aggressiveness (F) with BMI (p<.01), showed highest results in correlation analysis. Fourthly of the Dental technology students' bodily self-reported symptoms, life-style factors which had a statistically significant effect appeared to be regular physical activity (p<.001) and BMI (p<.05), and of the mental self-reported symptoms, causes that did not have statistically significant effect appeared to be regular physical activity (p<.05) and eat breakfast (p<.05). Conclusion: This research concludes that in order to develop correct life-style habits for health promotion and reduce self-reported symptoms related to the Dental Technology students' diseases, education for the recognition of the necessity of self health promotion must be conducted, and a education programme scheme for the Dental technology curriculum for practicing the correct life-style habits in daily life is required.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2008

Since 2003, the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) of Korea has been conducting "The monitoring study on exposure level and biomarkers of environmental pollutants" in the Ulsan industrial complex with the goals to establish a surveillance system for residents, to evaluate the health effects associated with chronic exposure to environmental pollutants and to develop the environmental health indicators in Ulsan industrial complex. This program consists of three phases an initial or foundation phase in which the program is developed, made operational and extended to the community, followed by an evaluation and accountability assessment of the surveillance system and finally an improvement in the quality of life and the maintenance of good health for Ulsan residents. In the period 2003 to 2008, the study program developed the surveillance system which will be used for the full-length survey. All participants in this study were contacted at a presentation meeting for residents, introduced to the objectives and protocols of the survey, and asked to participate. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study is now underway and includes questionnaires, health examinations and the analysis/collection/banking of bio-sample such as blood and urine. To date 828 subjects have participated and already 588 subjects have been followed up. We are committed to complete health examinations and to arrange storage of biosample for all participants. During the current year, we will analyze metals (Pb in blood and Cd, inorganic As and Hg in urine) in 1,972 samples and VOCs (11 species) and PARs (18 species) in 300 samples (blood sample). Moreover, the summary of the first step and the further preparation of the second step are currently underway. In this article, we introduce the study and its protocols and the distribution and size of the study participants. In conclusion, this survey will be continuously conducted on the established cohort and will enable the identification of relationship between environmental pollutant exposures and the health status of residents in Ulsan industrial complex.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2016

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effects of acupuncture stimulation on the radial artery's pressure pulse wave, along with various hemodynamic parameters, and to explore the possible underlying mechanism of pulse diagnosis in healthy participants in their twenties. Methods and analysis: This study is a prospective, single-arm, exploratory clinical study. A total of 25 healthy participants, without regard to gender, in their twenties will be recruited by physicians. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The participants will receive acupuncture once at ST36 on both sides. The radial arterial pulse waves will be measured on the left arm of the subjects by using an applicable pulse tonometric device (KIOM-PAS). On the right arm (appearing twice), electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), respiration and cardiac output (CO) signals, will be measured using a physiological data acquisition system (Biopac module), while the velocity of blood flow, and the diameter and the depth of the blood vessel will be measured using an ultrasonogram machine on the right arm (appearing twice). All measurements will be conducted before, during, and after acupuncture. The primary outcome will be the spectral energy at high frequencies above 10 Hz ($SE_{10-30Hz}$) calculated from the KIOM-PAS device signal. Secondary outcomes will be various variables obtained from the KIOM-PAS device, ECG, PPG, impedance cardiography modules, and an ultrasonogram machine. Discussion: The results of this trial will provide information regarding the physiological and the hemodynamic mechanisms underlying acupuncture stimulation and clinical evidence for the influence of acupuncture on the pressure pulse wave in the radial artery. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kyung Hee University's Oriental Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (KOMCIRB-150818-HR-030). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Trial registration number: This trial was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) at the Korea National Institute of Health (NIH), Republic of Korea (KCT0001663), which is a registry in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Registry Network.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the contents analysis of the community dental hygiene practice in the dental hygiene students and suggest the outcome based evaluation index of community dental hygiene practice. This study will provide the basic data for the community nursing and social welfare practice. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 82 dental hygiene professors and 254 dental hygienists in community health centers after receiving informed consent based on institutional review board from 5th Dec 2014 to 30th Jul 2015. A total of 49 professors and 134 dental hygienists gave the complete answers. The study instrument was adapted from the literature review. The questionnaire consisted of evaluation, purpose of evaluation, and evaluation format. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. The contents analysis was carried out through input, process, output, and outcome. Results: The practice outcome evaluation was conducted in 62.9% of the dental hygiene departments and 32.9% of the community health centers. Most of the dental hygiene professors chose "To know what students learned(27.3%)" and "To ensure student's role and behavior in practice(27.3%)." as the purpose of evaluation. The public dental hygienists chose "To score the practice grade(42.1%)." The evaluation method was done anonymously. Conclusions: The outcome based evaluation in community dental hygiene practice was the best method to evaluate the practice education for the competency of the dental hygiene students.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2003

Background: There is abundance of studies on the decrease in body fat through limited calorie intake or exercise; however, studies focusing simultaneously on functional foods and exercise are rare. This study was aimed to identify the effects of combination of a functional beverage and exercise on body composition and biochemical metabolic profiles. Method: Eighty-one healthy volunteers (69 females aged 19 to 50 years and 12 males aged 19 to 55 years), who maintained their body weight stable with 23 or higher in BMI (kg/$m^2$) and 25% or higher body fat for the last three months, were recruited in the study through written advertisement. All the subjects gave their informed consent, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group design. All participants were given 12-week programed-exercise, which was performed 3 times a week. One bottle (100 ml) of test (Garcinia cambogia 300 mg, L-carnitine 20 mg, Soy peptide 1,000 mg) or placebo solution was given daily 30 min before each session of programed-exercise. BMI (body mass index), %fat, local fat amount (visceral and mid-thigh), waist circumference, skin fold thickness and some biochemical metabolic parameters like glucose, insulin and free fatty acids, etc in the blood were measured and compared before and after 12-week intervention within groups as well as between groups according to the protocol Results: Twenty six volunteers were dropped out and fifty five volunteers completed the study. At the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks, approximately 1.98%, 3.00% and 3.50% losses of initial body weight were observed, respectively, in the test group (P<0.01), and 0.29, % ,0.74%, 1.60%, respectively, in the placebo group (P>0.05). BMI changed by 2.40%, 3.41% and 4.46%, respectively, in the test group, and 0.38%, 0.95% and 1.75%, respectively, in the placebo group, at each period of time. The reductions of body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the test group than in the placebo group at each period of time (P<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that the combination of functional beverage, which contains mostly garcinia cambogia, L-carnitine, and soy peptide, and exercise have synergy effects on reducing body fat.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.448-455
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• 2017

Objective : To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and the patterns of postoperative spinal infection according to the passage of time. Methods : Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was not obtained for the retrospective review of patients' medical records. A total of 43 patients (27 men and 16 women; mean age, 64) diagnosed with postoperative spinal infection were included in this study. We retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings and the medical records and categorized the infection sites based on MRI, i.e., anterior, posterior, and both parts. The duration of the clinical onset from surgery was divided, i.e., acute (${\leq}2weeks$), subacute (2-4 weeks), and late (>4 weeks). Results : Postoperative spinal infection was involved in the posterior part in 31 (72%), anterior part in two (4.7%), and both parts in 10 patients (23.3%). Abscess or phlegmon in the back muscles and laminectomy site were the most common MRI findings. The number of patients with acute, subacute, and late clinical onset were 35, two, and six, respectively (mean, 33.4 days; range, 1-730 days). The mean duration of the clinical onset was 12 days in the posterior part, 15.2 days in both parts, and 456.5 days in the anterior part. Conclusion : Postoperative spinal infection usually occurred within four weeks in the posterior part and over time the infection was considered to spread into the anterior part. For the evaluation of postoperative spinal infection, the posterior surgical field was more important than the vertebral body or the disc space on MRI.