• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2012

$Calotropis$ $procera$ L. is a perennial shrub distributed in saline areas of deserts of South Asia. Salt stress is a very challenging subject in arid and semi-arid areas. Germination stage is very sensitive and many plants do not germinate in saline soil. The objective of this study was identifying the salinity effect on seed germination of $Calotropis$ $procera$ L. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design with NaCl and $CaCl_2$ at five levels of isobar concentrations: 0.0, -0.01, -0.05, -0.1, and -0.15 MPa. Osmotic potential had significant effects ($P$ < 0.01) on germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight. All seedling characteristics decreased with decrease in osmotic potential. Shoot length and root length decreased more than the seedling characteristics. Germination was completely inhibited in -0.1 Mpa. Priming with NaCl and $CaCl_2$ (-0.1 MPa) for four days had significant effects ($P$ < 0.01) on the germination percentages. Priming improved the seedling characteristics in all samples, especially in -0.05 Mpa, but a decrease with decrease in osmotic potential.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2003

Ecological control can contribute to the sustainibility of vegetation management systems by reducing the input currently derived from non-renewable fossil energy sources. The use of turfgrass mixtures is an important tool in turf management. Turfgrass mixtures of two or more compatible and adapted species provide improved tolerance to pest and environmental stress, more so than monostands. The objectives of this study were to evaluated turf insects, pests and zoysia large patch control by turgrass mixtures. In April 2001 and 2002, plots were inoculated with 50g of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2LP inoculum. Inoculum were treated within a 29cm diamater circle at Zoysia japonica, Zoysia japonica, Poa pratenis, or Festuca arundinacea mixtures. After four weeks, disease severity in each plot was determined. plot area visual ratings were assessed visually on a linera 0 to 100%. In August 2001 and October 2002, turf insects and pests in each plot were investigated in 10cm deep soil cores with 8cm diameters using hole cut. Zoysia large patch affected zoysiagrass monostands more severly than zoysiagrass and cool-season turfgrasses mixtures. It was suggested that the barrier effect of cool-season turfgrass suppressed zoysia large patch in the mixture of zoysiagrass and cool-season turfgrasses. Also, warm-season and cool-season turfgrasses mixtures suppressed insect populations more efficiently than warm-season turfgrass monostands.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.539-554
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• 2024

This study explores development of prediction model for seismic site classification through the integration of machine learning techniques with horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) methodologies. To improve model accuracy, the research employs outlier detection methods and, synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) for data balance, and evaluates using seven machine learning models using seismic data from KiK-net. Notably, light gradient boosting method (LGBM), gradient boosting, and decision tree models exhibit improved performance when coupled with SMOTE, while Multiple linear regression (MLR) and Support vector machine (SVM) models show reduced efficacy. Outlier detection techniques significantly enhance accuracy, particularly for LGBM, gradient boosting, and voting boosting. The ensemble of LGBM with the isolation forest and SMOTE achieves the highest accuracy of 0.91, with LGBM and local outlier factor yielding the highest F1-score of 0.79. Consistently outperforming other models, LGBM proves most efficient for seismic site classification when supported by appropriate preprocessing procedures. These findings show the significance of outlier detection and data balancing for precise seismic soil classification prediction, offering insights and highlighting the potential of machine learning in optimizing site classification accuracy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.2
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• pp.101-103
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• 2016

Nocardia species are aerobic, gram-positive pathogens found worldwide in soil. Nocardia is considered an opportunistic pathogen, and its infection mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of Nocardia farcinica induced mediastinitis and pneumonia that occurred in a 64-year-old male patient who had no significant medical history except for hypertension. He visited another hospital with a complaint of dyspnea and left chest wall pain. The symptoms arose 7 days ago without any trauma and they worsened. A mediastinal mass was found on computed tomography scan. After being transferred to our hospital for further evaluation, he was diagnosed with mediastinitis and pneumonia. As N. farcinica was found to be the causative organism by 16S rRNA sequencing, proper antibiotic therapy including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was initiated immediately. After this, the patient improved and he was discharged. If an infection has a disseminating course, nocardiosis cannot be excluded even in immunocompetent patients. Once the diagnosis is established, prompt antibiotic therapy should be performed based on the severity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.188-191
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• 2005

Abstract Cyclosporins are a family of clinically-important immunosuppressive cyclic peptides produced by Tolypocladium inflatum. The structural modification of cyclosporins via hydroxylation at various positions of N-methyl leucines in cyclosporin A leads to a dramatic change of their bioactive spectra. Among over 100 soil actinomycetes screened, two actinomycetes species, Sebekia benihana and Pseudonocardia autotrophica, were identified to contain superior cyclosporin A hydroxylation activities. A HPLC-based cyclosporin A hydroxylation assay revealed that each strain possesses distinctive hydroxylation specificity and regiospecificity; mono-hydroxylation at the 4th N-methyl leucine of cyclosporin A by S. benihana, and di-hydroxylations at both 4th and 9th N-methyl leucines of cyclosporin A by P. autotrophica. The conversion yields for cyclosporin A hydroxylation by both S. benihana and P. autotrophica were significantly improved from less than 10% and 18% up to 58% and 45%, respectively, in the optimized culture containing molybdenum with 0.05 g/l of cyclosporin A concentration. An ancymidol-specific inhibition of cyclosporin hydroxylation also suggested that the regiospecific cyclosporin hydroxylation might be catalyzed by a putative cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase enzyme.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1992

Some microorganisms isolated from soil, including some bacteria and fungi, were found to secrete an extracellular soymilk-clotting enzyme. Among them, an isolated fungus showed the highest soymilk-clotting activity and the strain was assigned to genus Penicillium based on its cultural and morphological characteristics, and designated as Penicillium sp. L-151K. Soymilk-clotting enzymes A and B produced by Penicillium sp. L-151K were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatographies on Sephadex G-25, CM-Sephadex, Sephadex G-100 and phenyl-Toyopearl gel. The two purified enzymes A and B were found to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5. The molecular weights of enzyme A and B were 24, 000 and 40, 000, respectively, by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Enzymes A and B coagulated soymilk optimally at $60^\circ{C}$ and were stable up to $50^\circ{C}$. Both enzymes were most active at pH 5.8 for soymilk coagulation, and were stable with approximately 80% of original activity from pH 3.0 to 5.0. Each enzyme was an acidic protease with an optimum pH of 3.0 for casein digestion. The soymilk-clotting efficiency of these enzymes was improved with $CaCl_2\;or\;MgCl_2$ when making soymilk-curd.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2019

Recently, Electronic Detonators have gradually increased their performance for various purposes such as vibration control and improved Fragmentation. This study analyzed the vibration estimation equations of electric and electronic detonator blast by comprehensive analysis of the vibration data collected during electric and electronic detonator blast waves at the comparison sites of urban areas, geology and soil conditions, stone quarries and mines in different areas of Korea from June 2017 to December 2018. It has been confirmed that electronic detonator blast can meet the criteria for allowing vibration even if maximum charge weight per delay is increased by 1.5 times compared to the electric detonator blast.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2006

This research carried out to investigate the effects of application of hairy vetch instead of duck-releasing in a large scale of duck-releasing cultivation. The results are as followed; Cultivation of hairy vetch, a green manure crop, for the winter season seemed to be a possible natural fertilizer to supply crop mineral nutrients. Application of hairy vetch residues improved physical properties of soil and was possible to assure better productivity of agricultural products. Introduction of hairy vetch into a large scale of duck-releasing cultivation reduced the pollution of agricultural water.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 2002

Fatty Acid contents of entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs) were examined by various types of nematodes and culture methods. Seven different types EPNs cultured by in vivo did not contain same fatty acid contents, but similar compositions. It was also found that Steinernema carpocapsae among EPNs cultured by in vivo and in vitro contained not only different fatty acid contents, but also revealed distinctive motilities in a soil. The addition of olive oil in the in vitro culture medium resulted in similar fatty acid contents of S. carpocapsae to in vivo and greatly improved the pathogenicity of nematodes compared to that of soy oil in the medium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2017

Plants suffer from various abiotic stresses among them; soil salinity is one of major adverse factor in declining agricultural productivity. So, development of salt stress tolerance crops have potential role to increase crop production. The RING finger proteins are known to play crucial roles in abiotic stress environment to plants. In this study, we identified one Salt-responsive Really${\underline{I}nteresting}$ ${\underline{n}ew}$ ${\underline{g}ene}$ (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase gene OsSIRF1 from rice root tissues during salt stress and studied its molecular function. Expression of OsSIRF1 was induced under various abiotic stress conditions, including salt, heat, drought, and ABA. Result of an in vitro ubiquitination assay clearly showed that OsSIRF1 Possess an E3 ligase activity. Moreover, OsSIRF1 was found to be localized to the nucleus within the cell. Heterogeneous overexpression of OsSIRF1 in Arabidopsis improved seed germination and increased root length under salt and Manitol stress conditions. Taking together, these results suggested that OsSIRF1 may be associated with plant responses to abiotic stressors and positively regulates salt and osmotic stress environment.