Journal of Ecology and Environment

The Ecological Society of Korea (한국생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The effects of salt stress and prime on germination improvement and seedling growth of Calotropis procera L. seeds

  • Taghvaei, Mansour (Department of Desert Region Management, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University) ;
  • Khaef, Nazila (Department of Desert Region Management, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University) ;
  • Sadeghi, Hossein (Department of Desert Region Management, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University)
  • Received : 2011.12.17
  • Accepted : 2012.03.02
  • Published : 2012.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

$Calotropis$ $procera$ L. is a perennial shrub distributed in saline areas of deserts of South Asia. Salt stress is a very challenging subject in arid and semi-arid areas. Germination stage is very sensitive and many plants do not germinate in saline soil. The objective of this study was identifying the salinity effect on seed germination of $Calotropis$ $procera$ L. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design with NaCl and $CaCl_2$ at five levels of isobar concentrations: 0.0, -0.01, -0.05, -0.1, and -0.15 MPa. Osmotic potential had significant effects ($P$ < 0.01) on germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight. All seedling characteristics decreased with decrease in osmotic potential. Shoot length and root length decreased more than the seedling characteristics. Germination was completely inhibited in -0.1 Mpa. Priming with NaCl and $CaCl_2$ (-0.1 MPa) for four days had significant effects ($P$ < 0.01) on the germination percentages. Priming improved the seedling characteristics in all samples, especially in -0.05 Mpa, but a decrease with decrease in osmotic potential.

Keywords

References

  1. Aiazzi MT, Carpane PD, Di Rienzo JA, Argüello JA. 2002. Effects of salinity and temperature on the germination and early seedling growth of Atriplex cordobensis Gandoger et Stuckert (Chenopodiaceae). Seed Sci Technol 30: 329-338.
  2. Alimentacion INTA, Perez A, Tambelini C. 2006. Effect of saline and water stress and early aging on the algarroba seed germination. Pesq Agropecu Bras 30: 1289-1295.
  3. Baskin CC, Baskin JM. 1997. Seeds, Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy, and Germination. Academic Press, New Dehli.
  4. Bray CM, Davison PA, Ashraf M, Taylor RM. 1989. Biochemical events during osmopriming of leek seed. Ann Appl Biol 102: 185-193.
  5. De Villiers AJ, Van Rooyen MW, Theron GK, Van de Venter HA. 1994. Germination of three Namaqualand pioneer species, as influenced by salinity, temperature and light. Seed Sci Technol 22: 427-433.
  6. Delesalle VA, Blum S. 1994. Variation in germination and survival among families of Sagittaria latifolia in response to salinity and temperature. Int J Plant Sci 155: 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1086/297158
  7. Dodd GL, Donovan LA. 1999. Water potential and ionic effects on germination and seedling growth of two cold desert shrubs. Am J Bot 86: 1146-1153. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656978
  8. Eliss RH, Roberts EH. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci Technol 9: 373-409.
  9. El-Keblawy A. 2004. Salinity effects on seed germination of the common desert Range grass, Panicum turgidum. Seed Sci Technol 32: 873-878. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2004.32.3.24
  10. Fu LG. 1989. The Rare and Endangered Plants in China. Shanghai Educational Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
  11. Ghaedi M, Taghvaei M, Fallah Shamsi SR, Niazi A. 2009. The interactive effect of light, temperature and salinity on seed germination of Haloxylon aphyllum L. Rangeland 3(3): 465-478.
  12. Gimenez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Pérez-García F. 2005. Seed germination of high mountain Mediterranean species: altitudinal, interpopulation and interannual variability. Ecol Res 20: 433-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-005-0059-4
  13. Guan B, Zhou D, Zhang H, Tian Y, Japhet W, Wang P. 2009. Germination responses of Medicago ruthenica seeds to salinity, alkalinity, and temperature. J Arid Environ 73: 135-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.08.009
  14. Gulzar S, Khan MA. 2001. Seed germination of a halophytic grass Aeluropus lagopoides. Ann Bot 87: 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1336
  15. Gulzar S, Khan MA, Ungar IA. 2001. Effect of salinity and temperature on the germination of Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C. E. Hubbard. Seed Sci Technol 29: 21-29.
  16. Guma IR, Padron-Mederos MA, Santos-Guerra A, Reyes-Betancort JA. 2010. Effect of temperature and salinity on germination of Salsola vermiculata L. (Chenopodiaceae) from Canary Islands. J Arid Environ 74: 708-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.10.001
  17. Gutterman Y. 1995. Seed Germination of Desert Plants. Adaptations of Desert Organisms. Springer, Berlin.
  18. Gutterman Y. 1997. Survival Strategies of Annual Desert Plants. Adaptations of Desert Organisms. Springer, New York.
  19. Heydecker W, Higgins J, Gulliver RL. 1973. Accelerated germination by osmotic seed treatment. Nature 246: 42-44. https://doi.org/10.1038/246042a0
  20. Ibrahim AE, Roberts EH, Murdoch. AJ. 1983. Viability of lettuce seeds. II. Survival and oxygen uptake in osmotically controlled storage. J Exp Bot 34: 631-640. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/34.5.631
  21. International Seed Testing Association. 1999. International rules of seed testing. Seed Sci Technol 27(Supplement): 1-333.
  22. Jhala YV. 1997. Seasonal effects on the nutritional ecology of blackbuck Antilope cervicapra. J Appl Ecol 34: 1348-1358. https://doi.org/10.2307/2405252
  23. Katembe WJ, Ungar IA, Mitchell JP. 1998. Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of two Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae). Ann Bot 82: 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1998.0663
  24. Khaef N, Taghvaei M, Sadeghei H, Niaza A. 2011. Effect of light and temperature on seed germination of Calotropis procera L. Rangeland 5(1): 19-26.
  25. Khan MA, Gul B, Weber DJ. 2001. Seed germination in relation to salinity and temperature in Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Biol Plant 45: 133-135.
  26. Khan MA, Rizvi Y. 1994. Effect of salinity, temperature, and growth regulators on the germination and early seedling growth of Atriplex griffithii var. stocksii. Can J Bot 72: 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1139/b94-063
  27. Khan MA, Ungar IA. 1996. Influence of salinity and temperature on the germination of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex. Boiss. Ann Bot 78: 547-551. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0159
  28. Khan MA, Ungar IA. 1998. Seed germination and dormancy of Polygonum aviculare L. as influenced by salinity, temperature, and gibberellic acid. Seed Sci Technol 26: 107-117.
  29. Lin TP, Chen MH. 1995. Biochemical characteristics associated with the development of the desiccation-sensitive seeds of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. Ann Bot 76: 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1995.1111
  30. Maathuis FJM, Amtmann A. 1999. $K^{+}$ nutrition and $Na^{+}$ toxicity: the basis of cellular $K^{+}/Na^{+}$ ratios. Ann Bot 84: 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0912
  31. Mazor LEA, Perl M, Negbi M. 1984. Changes in some ATP-dependent activities in seeds during treatment with polyethyleneglycol and during the redrying process. J Exp Bot 35: 1119-1127. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/35.8.1119
  32. Milton SJ. 1995. Spatial and temporal patterns in the emergence and survival of seedlings in arid Karoo shrubland. J Appl Ecol 32: 145-156. https://doi.org/10.2307/2404424
  33. Munns R, James RA. 2003. Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant Soil 253: 201-218. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024553303144
  34. Munns R, James RA, Läuchli A. 2006. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. J Exp Bot 57: 1025-1043. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj100
  35. Osborne DJ, Sharon R, Ben-Ishai R. 1981. Studies on DNA integrity and DNA repair in germinating embryos of rye (Secale cereal). Isr J Bot 29: 259-272.
  36. Tobe K, Li X, Omasa K. 2000. Seed germination and radicle growth of a halophyte, Kalidium caspicum (Chenopodiaceae). Ann Bot 85: 391-396. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.1077
  37. Ungar IA. 1995. Seed germination and seed-bank ecology of halophytes. In: Seed Development and Germination (Kigel J, Galili G, eds). Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 599-628.

Cited by

  1. The effects of growth medium and partial shade on early growth of milkweed (Calotropis procera L.) under drought stress vol.35, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2012.040
  2. vol.2014, pp.2314-7539, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/245686
  3. but primes seeds for rapid germination upon stress release vol.164, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12679