• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.33-51
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to provide practical implications for Korean companies searching for new market opportunities. From the experimental analysis, the impact of country image on product-country image and purchase intention of Korean products are measured. In addition, this study disaggregates the impacts of country image and product-country image and purchase intention among ethnic groups in South Africa for searching further useful implications. Design/methodology - To examine South African consumers' country image and product-country image towards Korean products, data were collected between June and July 2019 through an online questionnaire, and 335 questionnaires were used for analysis. Firstly, the multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the general tendency of South African consumers' perceptions of country image to Korea, product-country image, and purchase intention among three ethnic group consumers. Then in order to verify the country image model and hypotheses of the study, we analyzed the structural models for each of the three ethnic groups and compared the sizes of the path coefficients for each groups. To compare the difference of path coefficients across ethnic groups, configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance tests were conducted sequentially. Findings - In the black and white ethnic groups, the country image had a statistically significant impact on product-country image, but it did not affect the purchase intention to Korean products. The product-country image showed a statistically significant impact on the purchase intention to Korean products in both ethnic group. However, in the coloured ethnic group consumer, the country image had a significant effect on the product-country image, but it did not affect the purchase intention of Korean products. In addition, the product-country image did not have a significant influence on the purchase intention of coloured ethnic group consumers unlike black and white ethnic group consumers. The results of this study suggest that even though differences in terms of the impact of CoI on PCI and PI were investigated for the sample of white, coloured, and black respondents, the groups seemed to respond in a reasonably comparable manner. Originality/value - South Africa occupies more than 20% of Africa's total GDP in sub-Saharan Africa and is a hub for Southern African logistics as a hub for Korean companies to enter Africa. However, it is rare to find a study focused on the determinants of consumer behavior in South Africa. In particular, this study disaggregates the impacts of country image and product-country image on consumer behavior across ethnic groups in South Africa. Therefore, this study could provide practical implications for Korean firms which desire to diversify their export markets and pioneer future markets.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.145-166
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• 2012

In this Study, the search and analysis for the contents of the mass media, especially, such as newspaper articles, broadcast campaigns, broadcating advertisings, the Internet, etc, are accomplished under the assumption that the cause of the negative and fragmentary images about Africa holds a place in Korea's heart resulting from Korean mass media. Africa was seen as not only the continent of famine and diseases, but also a safari and the Nature's repository. However, these images are only the fragments of information about the African continent. So, we have to understand and recognize the origin of Africa in aspect of its learning and the mythology as well as the truth of the African as modern human origins. Moreover, we have to do our endeavor to have a good perspective about Africa as our future partner somewhat less than the wretched continent that we applaud their effort to the pursuit of stability and the development in terms of their modern cities, economy and politics and we have to aid and send relief cargoes simply.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.440-458
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• 2012

본 연구는 문화 간 이해, 인종주의적 편견 해소 등과 같은 문제의식에 대해 '사실과 재현'의 관점에서 세계지역 내용 구성 및 내용 서술을 비판적으로 검토하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 초 중학교 사회교과서 아프리카 교육 내용을 비판적으로 검토하였다. 분석 결과, 자연환경 서술 영역에서는 지리적으로 다양한 장점을 지닌 지역으로서의 이미지를 부각시키지 못하고 있었다. 문화 역사 서술 영역에서는 다양한 민족과 국가로 이루어진 다양성의 아프리카로서의 재현보다는 과도한 일반화와 단순화로 인해 아프리카 문화와 역사에 대한 고정관념과 왜곡된 이미지를 심어주고 있었다. 자원 산업 서술 영역에서는 긍정적인 발전의 모습 보다는 부정적인 측면이 강조되어 재현되었고, 변화의 모습 보다는 정체적이고 낙후된 지역으로서의 이미지를 심어주고 있었다. 이제는 '동일한 문화와 특성을 지닌 아프리카'에 대한 이미지 보다는 그 안에 살아 숨쉬고 있는 '다양하고 다층적이며 역동적인 아프리카'의 실제 모습을 보거나 떠올릴 수 있는 교육으로 이루어져야 할 필요성이 있음을 논의하였다.

• 복식
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2009

This Study is purposed to comparative analysis in the case of balanced with Ethnic image fashion and the event of an unbalanced between fashion and make-up and to reconfigure on the make-up of the features on the Ethnic image Fashion in the 21st century. The result of this study is as follows. First, in the case of Japanese ethnic image make-up, to emphasize applied forms and formative characterization, they generally use circles and horizontal lines. Also the harmony between Japanese image make-up and primary colors like white and red strengthen ethnic images better. In the event of an unbalance between fashion and image make-up, fashion occurs dynamically in Africa and linearly in China. Sexy & natural image make-up also widely appear in the modern view. Second, in the case of African ethnic make-up balanced with African image fashion, the form is repeatedly dotted, widely water-colored, and mattedly textured using ash make-up colors such as white, red, gold, gray and so forth. African image make-up strongly expresses primitive natural beauty adding primal tribal painting art and mask forms. In case of an unbalance between fashion and image make-up, no distinctive ethnic image make-up appears. To emphasize natural patterns as well as splendid & decorative fashion, they try not to use primary colors, but instead focus on natural make-up and monotone colored point make-up, sexy make-up, avant-garde make-up, goth make-up, romantic make-up, glossy make-up.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.293-319
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• 2003

Retro, one of these fusion styles, was found in various pattern in fashion. Recent fashion trend shows coexistence with variety which cannot be represent by one or two themes, and introduces various images in a season. Therefore, this study was found three fusion image of Retro pattern which has appeared since 1990; Romantic, Ethnic, and Hippie-look. shown in VOGUE, BAZZAR and etc. 1, Romantic image overcame the exaggerated style of 18th century and expressed in a volume gown, a tight dress of high-waist, and bustier. In addition, beads or sequin became more brilliant and gorgeous which decorated the whole clothing. 2. Ethnic image was expressed with fusion of particular traits from all of the world such as Japan, China, India, South America, Greece, and Africa. 3. Hippie-look image has been shown in slim & long silhouette style, and fusion styles of romantic factors or ethnic factors were also found. Retro as one of the phenomenon of fusion was found in romantic image, ethnic image and hippie-look Image.

• 복식
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.116-130
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• 2011

Ethnic fashion and makeup were studied. 264 fashion designs from pret-$\`{a}$-porter collections in Milan and New York from 2001 S/S to 2005 F/W were analyzed. The major conclusions of the study are as the following: 1. The major types of ethnic fashion and makeup were Africa. American Indian. Japan, India. China and Inca. Makeup types expressed in ethnic fashion were soft smoky, smoky, retro, nature, avant-garde, eastern. 2. Makeup types expressed in ethnic fashion were used for the image for the designer's collections rather than ethnic features. Soft smoky and smoky makeup types were more used than others. 3. Soft smoky makeup types were more expressed in S/S seasons than in F/W seasons. In F/W seasons soft smoky and smoky makeup types were more expressed than other types. 4. Soft smoky and smoky makeup types were more expressed than others in Milan and New York collections commonly. 5. To emphasize the ethnic image for ethnic fashion, ethnic makeup arts like China, Japan, India, Africa, American Indian, Inca makeup arts and soft smoky, smoky makeup arts were represented.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.911-922
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 패션에 나타난 아프리카 이미지에 대한 정확한 시각과 현대 패션의 이해를 목적으로 서양사에서 바라보는 아프리카 이미지와 예술, 아프리카복식의 일반적 특징, 아프리카 이미지의 패션 등장배경 및 시대적 흐름을 토대로 하여 2005 S/S컬렉션에 나타난 디자이너와 디자인작품을 요소별로 분석하여 아프리카 이미지를 도출하였다. 2005년 S/S세계 4대 컬렉션에서 선정된 10개의 디자이너와 브랜드 작품에 나타난 아프리카 이미지는 'Wild Erotic', 'Abstract Primitive', 'Natural Elegant', 'Sporty Romantic'의 4가지 특성으로 나타났으며, 이를 디자인, 디자이너, 패션트렌드 측면에서 아프리카 이미지에 대한 현대 패션의 시각을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현대 패션에서 아프리카 패션은 주술적, 종교적 의미보다는 장식적인 디테일을 강조하는 경향으로 나타났다. 즉, 토속적인 감각과 도시적 인 감각을 조화시켜 주술적 의미에서 장식적 의미로 이들을 차용하였다. 둘째, 패션디자이너는 아프리카의 원시성, 순수성의 힘을 현대인의 회귀심리 및 자연의 순수성에 대한 동경과 결합시켜 아프리카 이미지를 패션문화의 한 코드로 인식시키고 현대 여성의 도시적 야성미를 독특한 스타일로 연출하였다. 셋째, 아프리카 이미지는 원시생활속의 미의식에서 찾을 수 있는 창작 디자인으로서의 영감은 물론 이국취향의 창의적인 이미지로 연출되어 패션트렌드의 강한 키워드로 자리매김하며 21세기 초두의 트렌드를 주도하였다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper investigates the major determinants of consumer decision making for smartphone's consumers in a developing country in Africa especially in Gabon. Analysis of Perceived Quality, Perceived Price, Perceived Risk, Brand Image, Perceived Value, and Purchase Intention Research design and methodology - In order to proceed the empirical research, online survey was done via email and social media network and data was collected from 289 random respondents. Therefore, to assess the reliability, the validity and test hypothesis Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used. Results - After data collection and analysis, results have proved that brand image, perceived price does influence perceived quality, and perceived quality negatively influence perceived risk. The results also show perceived risk along with brand image, perceived price and quality could not influence perceived value. The findings also indicate that perceived value slightly influence purchase intentions. Conclusions - The results of the study show that it is essential to develop an understanding of value in the purchasing process. This study should also provide a glimpse to both marketers and manufacturers about consumers' perceptions towards smartphones.

• 복식
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to be of use for more successful prediction of possible Prevailing aesthetic characteristics in the future, by reviewing how decadent features have actually been unfolded in fashion and make-up since the end of 20th century, as we are now in the new 21st century. The decadent traits of modern fashion and make-up since the late'90s could be listed as follows : first, the fashion has intentionally been designed to look disgusting, where realistic and imaginary images coexist, by using a half-man, half-machine image or vividly describing detestable animal skin, There have also been disgusting features in the make-up, which are so extremely weird that we can created by adding vinyl or pieces of textiles like Patch of the 17th century. Second, the satanic character of the fashion seems to be meant to keep in harmony with evil image such as Dracula, witch, skeleton or warrior of the evil, in order to charge the unnatural, inhuman and fin-de-siecle Phenomenon and find out what It really means for the inner world of men. And the demonic expressions of the make-up chiefly use white or black color or blue color of low saturation or low lightness, and part of facial features is exaggerated or shortchanged. Third, the decadent characteristics are expressed in the fashion by attaching sensational ornament to the human bode or using sexual exposure. So they give unnatural, unsound and extremely erotic impressions. The decadent features in the make-up are generated by excessively using a gay red color or sensational, exciting colors. Fourth, the exoticism of the fashion is largely affected by China's Chipaoh, Japan's Kimono or primitive motives from Africa, as there are increasing interests in Asia. And that of the make-up leans toward the East, as Kabuki make-up from Japan, Kyongkeuk make-up from China or the primitive features from Africa are employed.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제28권
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• pp.87-114
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• 2012

The Maa speaking Torobo people inhabiting the southern portion of the Mau Escarpment in Kenya approach both individual and community survival from a relational orientation focused on ethnic identity and responsibility. This social responsibility to the tribe is in stark contrast to Torobo relationships with other ethnic groups. The purpose of the research is twofold. First, the paper explores how folkloric language through a trickster image reflects important cultural and social ideals, understandings, and patterns of thought in Torobo world view. A second purpose is to offer ethnographic information to scholars and students' alike necessary for world view studies of eastern Africa specifically focused on the interplay between anthropomorphic tales and the social context in which these stories are utilized. The key research question for this analysis asks how the trickster image in Torobo folklore conceptualize the life experience. A Torobo folktale entitled, The Clever Hare, is the text chosen for analysis with the hare character as the protagonist. A second query explores the importance of the trickster image in understanding Torobo world view categories of Self and Other. The analysis contributes an ethnographic perspective for the world view categories of Self and Other as well as trickster folklore by examining the nature of Torobo-ness using the tale of the cunning hare as a research tool.