• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

The present study is a preliminary research improving the dwelling quality of apartment house as a kind of multi-family housing. The purpose of the study is to find out the actual state on characteristics of indoor noise including residents' living in apartment units. The method was field survey consisted of field measurements on equivalent noise level, observation on noise type, and interview on residents' responses. Field survey were carried out in 20 occupied apartment units from January to March 2007. The results are as follows. 1) Averages of indoor noise levels including residents' living noise were measured as $43.9{\sim}62.2\;dB(A)_{Leq5min}$, the average of each house except one was higher than the permissible level, 45 dB(A). 2) The noise types observed were mostly residents' living noise and classified into 'water hammer', 'living equipment noise', 'noise by family', 'hood noise', 'kitchen noise' in own unit, 'walking and talking noise in stairs and corridors', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'noise by the upper story' in building, and outdoor noise. 3) The residents showed slightly non-positive responses at 'noise by the upper story', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'water hammer', and 'noise by family'. Therefore, it is required to plan for preventing deterioration of the dwelling quality by residents' living noise in own unit as well as by neighborhood houses.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.427-430
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• 2008

The present study is a preliminary research improving the dwelling quality of apartment house as a kind of multi-family housing. The purpose of the study is to find out the present condition on noise level and types including residents' living noise in apartment units. The method was field survey consisted of field measurements on equivalent noise level, observation on noise type, and interview on residents' responses. The results are as follows. 1) Averages of indoor noise levels of subject houses were measured as $43.9{\sim}62.2\;dB(A)_{Leq5min}$, the average of each house except one was higher than the permissible level, 45 dB(A). 2) The noise types observed were mostly residents' living noise and classified as 'water hammer', 'living equipment noise', 'noise by family', 'hood noise', and 'kitchen noise' in own unit, 'walking and talking noise in stairs and corridors', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'noise by the upper story' in building, and outdoor noise. 3) The residents show slightly non-positive responses at 'noise by the upper story', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'water hammer', and 'noise by family'. Therefore, it is required to plan for preventing deterioration of the sound environment quality by residents' living noise in own unit as well as by neighborhood houses.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the effective ventilation strategies and control methods that can minimize energy cost maintaining acceptable IAQ level in apartment house. The effects of the air-cleaning and heat-recovery ventilation system on IAQ under various operating conditions are investigated based on the experimental and CFD analyzed results. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) When a ventilator is not operated, the concentration of several pollutants may highly show in the house even though environment-friendly building materials are applied. Therefore, a mechanical ventilation system is required to obtain proper ventilation. (2) The pollutant concentration is noticeably deceased under air-cleaning/ventilation mode of air-clinic system, however, pollutant of kitchen is stagnant, because fresh air is not carried into the kitchen. (3) When air-clinic system is only equipped at master bedroom and living room, the system does not effectively deliver fresh air throughout the whole house, and then high pollutant concentration is obtained in each room. In contrast the average pollutant concentration meets the guideline when air-clinic system is installed at each room. (4) The air-cleaning/ventilation mode significantly affects on room ventilation in comparison with ventilation mode only.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

The increase in housing energy costs due to deteriorated rural house is directly related to the quality of life of rural residents, which is fundamental challenge for the government. In this study, we analyzed the current energy performance and the effect of housing energy efficiency improvement after remodeling of the four rural houses over 20 years old considering the rural housing type. As the result, the heating energy requirements of the unit surface is very high, and the effect was predicted to vary by housing after improved thermal insulation. This means that the cost of housing energy will be utilized as a target selection criterion or post-effect for the rural house remodeling project. In addition, the energy performance was analyze for the compact houses, which are in demand, mainly for young rural immigrants. As the result, the energy performance is very efficient.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

Low Calorific Gas Turbine (LCGT) has been developed as a next generation power system using landfill gas (LFG) and biogas made from various organic wastes, food Waste, waste water and Livestock biogas. Low calorific fuel purification by pretreatment system and carbon dioxide fixation by green house system are very important design target for the optimum applications of LCGT. Main troubles of Low Calorific Gas Turbine system was derived from the impurities such as hydro sulfide, siloxane, water contained in biogas. Even if the quality of the bio fuel is not better than natural gas, LCGT may take low quality gas fuel and environmental friendly power system. The mechanical characterisitics of LCGT system is a high energy efficiency (>70%), wide range of output power (30 kW - 30 MW class) and very clean emission from power system (low NOx). A green house has been designed for four different carbon dioxide concentration from ambient air to 2000 ppm by utilizing the exhaust gas and hot water from LCGT system. LCGT is expected to contribute achieving the target of Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.748-756
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to analyze importance and performance for coffee quality attributes based on customers according to their consumption types; and provided ideas and marketing strategies to increase sales through IPAs (Importance-Performance Analysis). University students in Incheon were conducted a survey from March 13, 2007 to March 31, 2007. As for a quality attribute with the highest importance, the survey showed 'price' was important for ${\ulcorner}$vending machine coffee${\lrcorner}$, and 'taste' was important for ${\ulcorner}$commercial coffee${\lrcorner}$, and ${\ulcorner}$coffee house coffee${\lrcorner}$. And 'thirst relief' was found to have the lowest importance for three types of coffee. As for a quality attributes with the highest performance, the survey showed 'taste' was important for ${\ulcorner}$coffee house coffee${\lrcorner}$ 'price' was important for ${\ulcorner}$vending machine coffee${\lrcorner}$; and 'period of circulation' was important for ${\ulcorner}$commercial coffee${\lrcorner}$. IPA results for coffee quality attributes also showed quality attributes that should be improved quickly for each type of coffee: 'hygiene', 'safety', 'period of circulation', and 'package' were for ${\ulcorner}$vending machine coffee${\lrcorner}$; 'price' and 'freshness' were for ${\ulcorner}$commercial coffee${\lrcorner}$; and 'price' and 'period of circulation' were for ${\ulcorner}$coffee house coffee${\lrcorner}$.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.191-198
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• 2005

The present study is a preliminary research improving the dwelling quality of one-room type multi-family housings around the university campus. The purpose of the study is to investigate the present condition of Indoor noise level using · residents' responses and field measurements. The respondents are 104 residents living in one-room type multi-family housings. The field measurements on equivalent noise level of indoor and outdoor were carried out in 6 subject house units during the $26th\~28th$ of November 2002. The results are as follows. 1) The residents show relatively non-positive responses at evening and night on the present condition of indoor noise. 2) They answer 'living equipment foise' and 'water hammer' as major types of indoor noise of house unit. 3) Outdoor noise levels, basic factor of noise environment in 6 subject buildings were distributed $52.8\~65.3dB(A)Leq_{5min}$ and were inappropriate to the standard for environmental noise, $55 dB(A)Leq_{5min}$. 4) Indoor noise levels of subject house units were measured as $27.5\~63.5dB(A)Leq_{5min}$, the average of each house unit except one house unit was higher than the level feeling as noise, 40dB(A). 5) It was found that the differences of indoor noise levels between subject house units were caused by 'residents' living noise', 'living equipment noise', 'water hammer', and 'walking and talking noise in stairs and corridors'. 6) Therefore, it is required to plan for improving the quality of noise environment in one-room type multi-family housing around the campus. For example, soundproof construction (including double window with pair glass and balcony), outdoor garden with trees and water for increasing natural sound, interior materials with sound absorbing power to absorb living noise, soundproof pipe or double surface pipe for decreasing 'water hammer', and noiseproof floors, etc. are required.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.513-523
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop house caddie uniforms design which reflects the CI and image of 'Golfzon County Sunwoon', a representative golf course in the Honam circle, to enhance a positive image of a golf course and improve house caddies' service quality and their working efficiency. Study methods were as follows. In literature review, the domestic golf industry, golf culture, and house caddie uniforms as one of golf course CI elements were investigated. In empirical study, the formativeness of domestic golf course CI and house caddie uniforms was analyzed. Then, house caddie uniforms were developed using CI which is the symbolic element of a golf course. A concept for uniforms design development was 'Golf & Culture Communication' to symbolically represent an image of IT-based total golf culture club. It was limited to female uniforms design for spring or autumn that is high in application. A symbol and a logo which are symbolic elements of a golf course were freely worn in the form of a brooch. Symbolism and practicality were reinforced using PB(v), R(v), YR(v), and Y(vp) colors only for a golf course. Functionality was improved by using UV protection materials and aesthetics was expressed by reflecting 2014-15 F/W trends.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

To effectively use Building Information Modelling (BIM) dealing with semantic information including the entities of building components, the information about building components should be standardized. Like standardized modern buildings. in the past, Korean traditional houses were built according to strict procedures and formats. Therefore, if the Korean traditional house are modelled by using BIM,. not only the Korean traditional house of good quality will be built quickly and cheaply, but also spaces in the existing Korean traditional house will be easily analyzed. However, when analyzing spaces of the Korean traditional house using Space Syntax, some problems are caused in dividing outdoor space such as yard with unclear boundaries, unlike indoor space with clear boundaries surrounded by walls. These comes from the fact that researchers have subjectively divided a space in the house into convex spaces as units for Space Syntax analysis. Therefore, this study aims to develop an objective and rational spatial subdivision technique for Space Syntax analysis of a Korean traditional house modelled by using BIM. We could objectively and reasonably divide a Korean traditional house space into convex spaces by recognizing the building components in the house modelled in the form of Industry Foundation Classes(IFC). Depending on the connection of convex spaces allocated in the spatial subdivision technique, j-graph in Space Syntax could be drawn and the measurements of spatial configurations could be determinded. Through the developed technique, the social properties including the cultural and philosophical aspects of Korean people was identified by measuring the spatial configurations of Korean traditional house. The developed technique will serve as useful means to help architects to find an appropriate purpose of each space for sustainable architecture on the basis of the spatial and social relationships in buildings or urban systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.954-968
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• 2006