• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.415-425
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• 2016

Purpose: The present study investigated the impact of 2 different suture techniques, the conventional crossed mattress suture (X suture) and the novel hidden X suture, for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with an open healing approach. Methods: This study was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Fourteen patients requiring extraction of the maxillary or mandibular posterior teeth were enrolled and allocated into 2 groups. After extraction, demineralized bovine bone matrix mixed with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) was grafted and the socket was covered by porcine collagen membrane in a double-layer fashion. No attempt to obtain primary closure was made. The hidden X suture and conventional X suture techniques were performed in the test and control groups, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images were taken immediately after the graft procedure and before implant surgery 4 months later. Additionally, the change in the mucogingival junction (MGJ) position was measured and was compared after extraction, after suturing, and 4 months after the operation. Results: All sites healed without any complications. Clinical evaluations showed that the MGJ line shifted to the lingual side immediately after the application of the X suture by $1.56{\pm}0.90mm$ in the control group, while the application of the hidden X suture rather pushed the MGJ line slightly to the buccal side by $0.25{\pm}0.66mm$. It was demonstrated that the amount of keratinized tissue (KT) preserved on the buccal side was significantly greater in the hidden X suture group 4 months after the procedure (P<0.05). Radiographic analysis showed that the hidden X suture had a significant effect in preserving horizontal width and minimizing vertical reduction in comparison to X suture (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study provided clinical and radiographic verification of the efficacy of the hidden X suture in preserving the width of KT and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge after ARP.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.20
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• pp.183-201
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• 2010

Based on case studies from Japan and South Korea, this review paper explores the hidden costs of English language learning (ELL). In a context where English has become a commodity and ELL a form of consumption, we focus on the personal and social costs of (a) studying abroad as a much-touted path to "native-like" proficiency and (b) sexualization of language teaching materials in order to reach new niche markets. The hidden costs of ELL are embedded in language ideologies which set English up as a magical means of self-transformation and, at the same time, an unattainable goal for most Japanese and Koreans. We end with the call to expose debilitating language ideologies in order to shed light on the hidden costs of ELL.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.157-165
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• 2010

This paper presents a novel real-time rendering algorithm based on spherical coordinate system of the object using convex hull. While OpenGL rendering pipeline touches all vertices of an object, the proposed method takes account the only visible vertices by examining the visible triangles of the object. In order to determine the visible areas of the object in its spherical coordinate representation, the proposed method uses 3D geometric relation of 6 plane equations of the camera frustum and the bounding sphere of the object. In addition, we compute the convex hull of the object and its maximum side factors for hidden surface removal. Simulation results showed that the quality of result image is almost same compared to original image and rendering performance is greatly improved.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.149-158
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• 2019

The scheduling of planned maintenance problem of a system consisting of a number of components was studied. The purpose of maintenance scheduling is to minimize the cost of maintaining long-term operations. On the system side, the cost of a system shutdown can be minimized by grouping and inspecting a number of components. In addition, proper inspection cycles can be selected for each component to identify the failure sufficiently early to minimize the cost of the failure. To reduce the complexity of the calculations, the 'base interval approach' used in previous studies was applied and, in addition, the inspection cost savings from simultaneous inspections of multiple components were considered. To compare the effectiveness of inspection cost savings, this paper presents the results of simulation analysis performed by referring to the cases in the existing studies.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 1999

In order to get geologic information necessary for underground installation of water pipe, seismic refraction profiling was applied to the southwest side of the Seomjin River which flows between Namwon-gun, Cholabuk-do and Gokseong-gun, Cholanam-do. Before obtaining the in-line refraction data, walkaway data were recorded with 1 m geophone interval and -36∼+36 m offset range. From the walkaway data, it is interpreted that a dry soil layer with the average velocity of 585 m/s covers wet sediments with the average velocity of 1,326 m/s. The second layer overlies basements nearly horizontally with the average velocity of 4,218 m/s. Refraction profiling of 220 m long with the geophone interval of 2 m is interpreted with the Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM). Three layers are identified with average velocities of 688 m/s, 1,473 m/s, and 3,776 m/s, respectively. The depth to the bedrock impossible for ripping ranges between two extremes, 1.51∼2.43 m and 2.25∼3.54 m, depending upon thickness of the hidden layer. A typical shortcoming of refraction method, the hidden layer problem, prevents accurate estimation in depth of the second layer.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.67-91
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to analyze thematically everyday lives (food, clothing, shelter, spending, and leisure) of single women in their thirties or forties. As a result of the analysis, everyday lives of single women could be grouped into five main categories of themes which may be labeled as 'Self', 'Relationship', 'Survival', 'Preparation for the future', 'Freedom and hidden side of the freedom'. As for the first category of themes 'Self', three sub-themes have been found including "Only for me", "Perfection of self", "My own style". Next, as for the second category 'Relationship', two sub-themes have been found including "With her family (For her family, still under the protection of her family)", "With other people (Pleasures with people, Comfortable with single friends, Communicating with the world)". As for the third category 'Survival', three sub-themes have been found including "Health", "Safety", "Practice of living alone", As for the fourth category 'Preparation for the future', three sub-themes have been found including, 'Good spending', 'Savings for later life', 'Leisure in later life'. And finally, as for the fifth category 'Freedom and hidden side of the freedom', two sub-themes have been identified including "I am free because I'm alone (Freedom from bondage of my family, Compensation for being alone)", "Hidden side of the freedom (Fear, dislike feeling and insecurities due to being alone, Overcoming loneliness or solitude)". In all, there are eighteen sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the Everyday Lives of Single Women in their thirties or forties. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.74-94
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• 2007

Nowadays, sharing data among organizations is often required during the business collaboration. Data mining technology has enabled efficient extraction of knowledge from large databases. This, however, increases risks of disclosing the sensitive knowledge when the database is released to other parties. To address this privacy issue, one may sanitize the original database so that the sensitive knowledge is hidden. The challenge is to minimize the side effect on the quality of the sanitized database so that non-sensitive knowledge can still be mined. In this paper, we study such a problem in the context of hiding sensitive frequent itemsets by judiciously modifying the transactions in the database. Unlike previous work, we consider the quality of the sanitized database especially on preserving the non-sensitive frequent itemsets. To preserve the non-sensitive frequent itemsets, we propose a border-based approach to efficiently evaluate the impact of any modification to the database during the hiding process. The quality of database can be well maintained by greedily selecting the modifications with minimal side effect. Experiments results are also reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.74-77
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• 2013

A patient underwent reconstruction of skin and soft tissue using V-Y advancement of a superior ulnar collateral artery perforator flap after resection of the scar tissue on the upper arm. Successful flap healing was observed without complications. The medial side of the upper arm is an ideal donor site because of its thin, elastic, and hairless skin, resulting in a well-hidden scar. The elasticity of the medial side of the upper arm allows primary closure after flap elevation. The superior ulnar collateral artery perforator flap is an option for reconstruction of the upper arm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

This research tried to project hidden and overall side of market economy system of capitalism through desire and fetishism of consumer society. The objective of this research lies in examining desire code of capitalism society through hidden side of consumer society and the reason why modern people are crazy about products, the meaning of product re-creation in tempting modern consumer society, life where all desire is satisfied by products. As a result, we intended to demonstrate that post-industrial society is the one triggered by desire and that society desired in post-industrial society is the very cultural, social study realized to enable modern people to survive in modern society through Martin Parr's pictures.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1329-1340
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• 2016

Recently, Zhang proposed a scheme to hide information in encrypted images using synchronous stream ciphers. After the receiver decrypts the encrypted image and extracts data by calculating the spatial correlation property value using the fluctuation function which is designed to calculate spacial correlation between adjacent pixels in a decrypted image. Then, Hong improved the Zhang's data hiding scheme by introducing the side match technique. In this paper, a novel fluctuation function is proposed to reduce the recovery errors which arise during extracting hidden data. Then, we also demonstrated that the proposed fluctuation function outperforms the previous functions through computer simulations for sample images.