• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.273-291
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• 2013

Dinoflagellate species composition has changed around Jeju Island as well as in Korean waters due to global warming and climate changes. An investigation was conducted to monitor changes in planktonic dinoflagellates around Jeju Island from June 2006 to September 2009. A total of 86 species belonging to 14 families and 15 genera were identified, of which 34 species were newly recorded in Korean waters. Among the newly recorded species, >20 were confirmed as tropical species. Thus, the occurrence of such tropical dinoflagellates could be an indicator to monitor of environmental changes including global warming around Jeju Island and in Korean waters.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.196-203
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• 2013

Environmental problems like global warming have now become important issues that should be considered in all industries, including construction. In South Korea, many studies have been conducted to achieve the government's goals of reduction in environmental impacts. However, the research on buildings has only focused on CO₂ emission as a research target despite the fact that other environmental impacts resulting from ozone depletion and acidification should also be considered, in addition to global warming. In this regard, this study attempted to propose assessment criteria and methods to evaluate the environmental performance of the structures from various aspects. The environmental impact category can be divided into global impacts, regional impacts, and local impacts. First, global impacts include global warming, ozone layer depletion, and abiotic resource depletion, while regional impacts include acidification, eutrophication, and photochemical oxidation. In addition, noise and vibration occurring in the building construction phase are defined as local impacts. The evaluation methods on the eight environmental impacts will be proposed after analyzing existing studies, and the methods representing each environmental load as monetary value will be presented. The methods presented in this study will present benefits that can be obtained through green buildings with a clear quantitative assessment on structures. Ultimately, it is expected that if the effects of green buildings are clearly presented through the findings of this study, the greening of structures will be actively expanded.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.377-387
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• 2013

Projections of changes in the low latitude atmospheric circulation under global warming are investigated using the results of the CMIP5 ensemble mean. For this purpose, 30-yr periods for the present day (1971~2000) and the end of the $21^{st}$ century (2071~2100) according to the RCP emission scenarios are compared. The wintertime subtropical jet is projected to strengthen on the upper side of the jet due to increase in meridional temperature gradient induced by warming in the tropical upper-troposphere and cooling in the stratosphere except for the RCP2.6. It is also found that a strengthening of the upper side of the wintertime subtropical jet in the RCP2.6 due to tropical upper-tropospheric warmings. Model-based projection shows a weakening of the mean intensity of the Hadley cell, an upward shift of cell, and poleward shift of the Hadley circulation for the winter cell in both hemispheres. A weakening of the Walker circulation, which is one of the most robust atmospheric responses to global warming, is also projected. These results are consistent with findings in the previous studies based on CMIP3 data sets. A weakening of the Walker circulation is accompanied with decrease (increase) in precipitation over the Indo-Pacific warm pool region (the equatorial central and east Pacific). In addition, model simulation shows a decrease in precipitation over subtropical regions where the descending branch of the winter Hadley cell in both hemispheres is strengthened.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-167
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• 2009

Global warming is regarded as one of the most critical issues that should be taken care of by the entire global community as it threatens the survival of mankind. South Korea, in particular, undergoes faster warming than the average rate of global warming. South Korea has revealed various warming rates and trends being surrounded by sea on three sides and having complex terrains dominated by mountains. The rates vary according to regions and their urbanization and industrialization. Differences also derive from seasons and weather elements. Changes to the highest, mean, and lowest temperature are also different according to the characteristics of regions and observatories, which is more apparent where the force of artificial weather applies. In an urban area, temperature gaps tend to decrease as the lowest temperature rises more than the highest temperature. Meanwhile, temperature gaps grow further in a coastal or country region where the force of artificial weather is small and the force of natural weather prevails. In this study, the investigator analyzed the changes to the weather elements of 11 observation spots that had gone through no changes in terms of observation environment since 1961, were consecutively observed, and had the quality of their observation data monitored on an ongoing basis. Using the results, I tried to identify natural and artificial causes affecting certain spots. Located on the east coast of the Asian Continent, South Korea sees weather changing very dynamically. Having huge influences on our weather, China has achieved very rapid industrialization for the last 30 years and produced more and more greenhouse gases and air pollution due to large-size development projects. All those phenomena affect our weather system in significant ways. Global warming continues due to various reasons with regional change differences. Thus the analysis results of the study will hopefully serve as basic data of weather statistics with which to set up countermeasures against climate changes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.992-996
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• 2008

In this study, changes in precipitation across South Korea during snow seasons (November-April) and their potential are examined. Current (1973/74-2006/07) and future (2081-2100) time series of snow indices including snow season, snow-to-precipitation ratio, and snow impossible day are extracted from observed snow and precipitation data for 61 weather stations as well as observed and modeled daily temperature data. Analyses of linear trends reveal that snow seasons have shortened by 3-13 days/decade; that the snow-to-precipitation ratio (the percentage of snow days relative to precipitation days) has decreased by 4-8 %/decade. These changes are associated with pronounced formations of a positive pressure anomaly core over East Asia during the positive Arctic Oscillation winter years since the late 1980s. A snow-temperature statistical model demonstrates that the warming due to the positive core winter intensifies changes from snow to rain at the rate of $4.7cm/^{\circ}C$. The high pressure anomaly pattern has also contributed to decreases of air-sea thermal gradient which are associated with the reduction of snow could formation. Modeled data predict that a fingerprint of wintertime global warming causing changes from snow to rain will continue to be observed over the 21st century.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.557-579
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• 2002

In recent days, it has been significantly suggested that the promotion of sustainable forest management will play an important role in ameliorating atmospheric carbon. In this respect, we intend to investigate the dynamic impact of the global timber market on carbon flux of forest through net carbon release into the atmosphere. For this purpose, we integrated the TSM 2000 with TCM to simulate the projection of net carbon release of the global timber market over 90 years, starting 1995. As a result, we identified that the global timber market increases the carbon dioxide concentration about l.9% over next 90 years; hence results in a positive effect on global warming. For sensitivity analysis, we performed these procedures under three different timber demand growth scenarios.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.511-519
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• 2001

Global warming has begun since the industrial revolution and it is getting worse recently. Even though the increase of greenhouse gases such as $CO_2$is thought to be the main cause for glogal warming, its impact on global climate has not been revealed clearly in rather quantitative manners. The objective of this research is to predict the hydrological environment changes in the Daechung Dam basin due to the global warming. A mesoscale atmospheric/hydrologic model (IRSHAM96 model) is used to predict the possible changes in precipitation and temperature in the Daechun Dam basin. The simulation results of IRSHAM96 model and a conceptual water balance model are used to analyze the changes in soil moisture, evapotranspiration and runoff in the Daechung Dam basin. From the simulation results using the water balance model for 1x$CO_2$and 2x$CO_2$situations, it has been found that the runoff would be decreased in dry season, but increased in wet season due to the global warming. Therefore, it is predicted that the frequency of drought and flood occurrences in the Daechung Dam basin would be increased in 2x$CO_2$condition.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2008

For agriculture is very highly dependent on climate and weather condistions, global warming seems to have a great impact on it, including its productivity, cultivation condition, product quality, and optimum cultivation location. In this study, we adopted geographical information system (GIS) in order to investigate the changes of Korea's cultivation area which are caused by global warming, especially with the examples of such tropical and sub-tropical fruits as lemon, fig, kiwi, orange, pomegranate, and mandarin. In terms of GIS techniques, we utilized the interpolate function for temperature changes, surface analysis function for slope, and raster calculator. Currently, these fruits's cultivation areas are in Jeju island and southern part of Korea. But these areas will be expanded according as our GIS model assumes $3^{\circ}C$ and $4.5^{\circ}$ increases of average and lowest temperature by the global warming in Korea. Optimum cultivation areas of these six fruits have two patterns; one is expansion and the other is belt shape shift. From the results of the study, we call for an urgent need of Korea government's policy and farmers' reasonable responses about global warming, which will be able to give more opportunities and better foods to Korea society in general.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2009

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been studied on the reuse of glass bottles. The system boundary in this study encompassed from gate to gate such as production and transportation. A 360 mL volume of a glass bottle was selected as the functional unit. The environmental impact assessments was studied on 6 categories including abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone depletion, and photochemical oxidant creation. The results showed that the most significant impact categories were abiotic resource depletion (48.63%) and global warming (46.27%), and the rest categories revealed insignificant impacts. In the whole system, the chemicals used for the new bottle production revealed the major contribution to the environmental impacts (71.24%), followed by the use of electricity (16.74%) and transportation (11.8%). In addition, the environmental impact of sodium silicate to be put into the stage of the new bottle production was found to be 45.68%, causing severe influence on abiotic resource depletion and global warming.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2002

Based on the tide gauge data from the Permanent Service for Meau Sea Level (PSMSL) collected at 23 locations in the Korean coast, the long-term sea-level trend was computed using a simple linear regression fit over the recorded length of the monthly mean sea-level data. The computed sea-level trend was also corrected for the vertical land movement due to post glacial rebound(PGR) using the ICE-4G(VM2) model output. It was found that the PGR-corrected sea-level trend near Korea was 2.310 $\pm$ 2.220 mm/yr, which is higher than the global average at 1.0∼2.0mm/yr, as assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). The regional distribution of the long-term sea-level trend near Korea revealed that the South Sea had the largest sea-level rise followed by the West Sea and East Sea, respectively, supporting the results of the previous study by Seo et al. However, due to the relatively short record period and large spatial variability, the sea-level trend from the tide gauge data for the Korean coast could be biased with a steric sea-level rise by the global warming during the 20th century.