• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to study how college students cope with their stress and how the level of their self-differentiation affects degrees of stress and stress-coping strategies. The questionnaires were handed to 497 college students at Y university in Gyeongbuk Province and the data were analyzed in terms of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$-coefficient, frequency and percentage, t-test, and regression analysis by using the SPSS statistical package. The results of this study were as follows: 1. For stress level, degree of self-differentiation and stress coping strategies of the college students, the average scores were 3.56, 2.53 and 3.49, respectively in 5-point Likert Scale, indicating that the students possess the above-average score for the degree of self-differentiation and stress-coping strategies and the below-average score for stress levels. 2. From examination of difference verification of stress levels based on the degree of self-differentiation and effect of degree of self-differentiation on stress levels, it was found that the higher is the degree of self-differentiation the lower is the stress level. 3. From examination of difference verification of stress-coping strategies according to the degree of self-differentiation and effect of degree of self-differentiation levels on stress coping strategies, we found that the students of higher degree of self-differentiation exercise the more active stress coping strategies. These results show that the degree of students' self-differentiation is a significant variable that influences their stress levels and stress control methods. It is thought that students' self-differentiation functions to minimize their stress and to actively cope with their stressful situation and that a high degree of self-differentiation is a significant mediator variable that is beneficial to students' mental health. It follows from the above observations that while college students in this study seem to possess good degrees of self-differentiation and stress coping capabilities and low stress levels they need to seek for the ways to improve their degree of self-differentiation by seeing into themselves and relationships with others around them. Parents, schools and consultation agencies are required to take an active hand to educate and encourage them to cope with their stress positively.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of parental attachment and self-differentiation with fear of intimacy perceived by college students. The data of the study were collected through self-administered questionnaire method with 187 male and 159 female college students. The major results of this research were as follows. First, there were significant differences in the level of attachment with parents according to parent's marital statue, living standard, and father's education level. Second, there were significant differences in the level of self-differentiation across sex, age, parent's marital statue, living standard, and parental's education level. Third, the level of attachment with parents was positively correlated with self-differentiation, indicating that the greater the level of attachment with parents, the higher the degree of self-differentiation. Fourth, fear of intimacy was negatively associated with parental attachment and self-differentiation, showing that the greater the degree of fear of intimacy, the lower the lever of attachment with parents and self-differentiation. Finally, multiple regression analysis result reported that emotional cutoff among the four self-differentiation subscales was the most powerful variable predicting the fear of intimacy. The results were shortly discussed in terms of some implications for education and counseling with college students.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 2000

The purpose of present study were to find the general trends of mate selecting factors and. marital satisfaction. concentrated on married women, to examine the difference among mate selection factors and marital satisfaction according to socio-demographic variables and Psychological variables and to analyze the effects of these variables influencing marital satisfaction. The subjects were 276 wives, living in Kwangju that having passed under S years after marriage without divorce experience. The major findings were as follows . 1. In mate selection, factor of high-degree was personality. view of value. personal relations, achievement, emotional mature. self-differentiation. degree of affection's expression. sense of humor, charms and condition of health Respondents'marital satisfaction score showed 91.75 and this score was higher than median score(62.5) 2. The external factor of mate selection showed significant difference according to degree of education. career. order. and sex-role attitude. The internal factor of mate selection showed significant difference according to degree of education, career, order, self-differentiation, self-esteem, and sex-role attitude 3. As correlating mate selectional factors to marital satisfaction, the significance appears in the mate's personality. view of value, emotional mature. personal relations. self-differentiation, condition of health. achievement. charm, sense of humor and degree of affection's expression. 4. Married women's marital satisfaction was influenced by self-esteem, personality and child's number that were explained about 38% by these variables. In conclusion, to happy marital life must be loved her own self. and above all considered internal factors like personality than external factors in mate selection.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for studying contemporary family violence, and to examine self-differentiation and trait-anxiety levels of urban-area housewives. The 207 subjects were married and living in urban areas. The statistical analyses used for this data were frequency, percentile, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple-regression. The main results obtained from this study were as follows: 1) Period of the family violence is 6-10 years, the main forms of violent behavior are kicking and punching, and the most violently abused wives want to divorce their husbands. 2) The self-differentiation level is 2.78, the verbal violence level is 2.06, the physical violence level is 2.06, and the trait-anxiety level is 2.49. 3) The degree of self-differentiation differed according to level of wife's education, husband's education, type of residence, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 4) The degree of violence differed according to level of wife's education, husband's education, type of residence, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 5) The degree of trait-anxiety differed according to level of husband's education, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 6) Wife's occupation, intellectual function vs. emotional function, family projection, verbal aggression behavior influenced on trait- anxiety.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.101-113
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate family system types, self-differentiation and psychological well-being of adolescent. The subjects were 248 male and 241 female students selected from 3 universities' freshmen to seniors. The instruments of measurement were the FACES Ⅲ, Self-Differentiation Scale and Well-Being and Life Satisfaction Scale. SAS program was used for data analysis, and the data analysis, and the data were verified by frequency, one-way ANOVA and multiple Regression. The main results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in psychological well-being of adolescent according to family system types. Adolescents of balanced families had the most psychological well-being. 2. There was a significant difference in self-differentiation of adolescent according to family system types. Adolescents of balanced families had the most self-differentiation. 3. There was a significant difference in psychological well-being of adolescent according to self-differentiation. The more th degree of self-differentiation is high, the more the psychological well-being is high. 4. The self-differentiation is the most significant factor of influence on psychological well-being of adolescent.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.71-86
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parent-bonding patterns & environmental variables on rural high school students' self-differentiationf. The subjects were 600 rural high school students in the 2nd grade. The rural high school students' self-differentiation, according to parent-bonding style & environmental variables were researched with DOSS(Differentiation of self Scale) PBI(Parent-bonding Instrument) & environmental Scale. The data were analyzed by frequency & Reliability, ANOVA (scheffe'test) & Regression analysis of SPSS PC+ program. The main results were as follows. First, In P-B patterns generally frequencies of mother's care were higher than father's But in overprotection frequencies of father's were higher. Degree of rural highschool students' self-differentiation was on the level of 2.84 Second, According to parent-bonding patterns, the difference of self-differentiation were as follow. In P-B patters, father and mother on each level of P<.001 brought differences in the self-differentiation of the 4 sub-divisions Third, In short the effect on self-differentiation showed that in family environmental variables, parent's scolding, gender, family atmosphere & health conditions are crucial variables in self-differentiation and in P-B patterns, father's overprotection, mother's care, father's care are all influential on self-differentiation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.43-61
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to verify the usefulness of kinetic House- Tree- Person drawing as a diagnostic measure for the degree of self-differentiation, which is an essential part of college students' development. Participants for the study were four hundred thirty five(272 male and 163 female) university freshmen enrolled in 4-year colleges located in Pusan. The Participants completed a scale of self-differentiation and a Kinetic House- Tree-Person drawings test. The evaluation system for kinetic House-Tree-Person drawings was established based on the indexes of Buck(1948) and Bums(1972) and used exiting literatures as reference. The data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe's test. The results obtained from the study are as follows: First, the mean level of college students' self-differentiation was 2.81, which is about average. Some significant gender differences were found in the areas of self-intergration, family projection, and emotional separation. Male students scored higher on self-intergration, whereas female students score higher on family projection and emotional separation. Second. self-differentiation was higher when the student drew a house with smoke coming out of the chimney, a single-story house with flat roof, or with detailed description of curtains, roof and roof tiles. Third, self-differentiation seemed to be higher when branches and fruits were included, when there was no expression of roots, when large crowns and branch openings were presented, and when no slant lines or base lines appeared. Forth, self-differentiation showed ㅁ higher level when the portrait shows eyes, mouth and neck without omission, when it included the whole body instead of face only, and when there was no person with just a profile, a back, or with a stiff posture, and when there was no weak and thin lines. Individuality also marked higher if a person was in motion and than one person was added. Finally, self-differentiation showed significant difference according to the overall harmony of the drawing, ordering of contents, hand pressure, the kind and shape of tree, and presence of other persons. The more harmonious the picture was, and the more family members are added, the higher the level of self-differentiation was.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.282-292
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and differentiation of self, and to identify the degree of self-esteem and differentiation of self. Data were collected from 151 elementary school students using community child center. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis were performed. The results of the study are as follows: First, as a result of factor analysis, differentiation of self was classified into differentiation of internal mind, other's and self oriented. Self-esteem was classified into isolation, achievement, relation, and daunted. Second, regression analysis indicated that there was obvious relationship between self-esteem and the differentiation of self. Third, cluster analysis showed that 37.6% of children belonged to cluster 2 with achievement and relation patterns and self-oriented differentiation. Forty-three percent were belonged to cluster 1 with isolated and daunted self-esteem as well as internal mind and other's oriented differentiation. In cluster 3, 19.4% were belonged and their levels of self-esteem and the differentiation of self were very low. Findings indicate that for those children belonged to cluster 1 and 3, programs to raise the self-esteem of children and parental education are needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of self-differentiation, psychological discomfort, and marital dyadic adjustment on maternal-fetal attachment in primigravida. Methods: In total, 108 primigravida participated in this descriptive correlational study. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from January to May, 2020, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS for Windows ver. 23.0. Results: The mean age of the primigravida was 31.66 years. The mean score for the degree of maternal-fetal attachment was 76.81 out of 96 points. Participants' scores for maternal-fetal attachment differed significantly based on age (t=2.08 p=.039) and marital status (t=2.05, p=.043). Maternal-fetal attachment was significantly negatively correlated with psychological discomfort (r=-.39, p<.001), and significantly positively correlated with self-differentiation (r=.36, p<.001) and marital dyadic adjustment (r=.36, p<.001). Self-differentiation explained 24.1% of variance in participants' maternal-fetal attachment, and its effect was statistically significant (F=7.79, p<.001). Conclusion: In primigravida, more self-differentiation was associated with stronger maternal-fetal attachment. To strengthen maternal-fetal attachment in primigravidae, educational program that increases the level of self-differentiation and minimizes psychological discomfort may be helpful for first time pregnant women. Additionally, it is recommended to provide nursing interventions to encourage couples to work together throughout the gestational period.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.509-517
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of interpersonal relationship in nursing students according to their characteristics. This descriptive correlation study conducted visit-surveys with organized questionnaires and sampled 306 nursing students. Data was analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 14.0. Findings revealed that; 1) the degree of interpersonal relationship in nursing students according to their characteristics were significantly different in age and grade; 2) Pearson's correlation revealed a significant association among interpersonal relationship, family function and self-differentiation; 3) multiple regression analysis showed self-differentiation and family function significantly influenced interpersonal relationship in nursing students. Based on the findings of this study, nursing professionals should provide proper program of interpersonal relationship related to self-differentiation and family function.