• 한국해양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1981

In order to investigate water pollution of heavy metals in the Nagdong Estuary, samples were collected five times from August 1978 to April 1979 every other month, and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed no significant heavy metal pollution in most parts of the studied areas, except near the outfalls of the Sasang Industrial Complex. In general, the heavy metal contents were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season due to the dilution effect of river water flow. Distribution of heavy metals in the dissolved and the particulate fractions were also investigated.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2013

This research focused on the effects of heavy metals on the biomonitoring activity of genetically engineered bioluminescent bacteria, Pseudomonas putida mt-2 KG1206. KG1206 was exposed to single or binary mixtures of different heavy metals as well as soils contaminated with heavy metals. In case of single exposure with different inducer pollutant, the toxicity order was as followings : As(III) > Cd, As(V) >> Cu, Cr(VI). The toxic effects of the binary mixtures was compared to the expected effect based on a simple theory of probabilities. The interactive effects were mostly additive, while in few cases antgonistic and synergistic mode of action was observed for some concentration combinations. No considerable correlation was found between the total metal contents in soils and the bioluminescence activity of each sample. However, statistically significant differences (p = 0.0102) were observed between two groups, classified based on arsenite contamination. These results demonstrate the usage of recombinant bioluminescent microorganism in biomonitoring and the complex interactive effects of metals.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제11권
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• pp.111-120
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• 1993

폐광산(廢鑛山) 주변(周邊)의 토양(土壤) 및 식물체(植物體)에 존재(存在)하는 중금속(重金屬)과 그들의 토양(土壤)에서의 존재형태(存在形態)에 따른 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하였다. 토양(土壤) 중(中) 중금속(重金屬) 함량(含量)은 Mn을 제외(除外)하고 A토양(土壤)에서 제일 많았고, Mn은 B토양(土壤)에서 함량(含量)이 제일 높았다. 존재형태(存在形態)에 따른 각 중금속(重金屬)의 함량(含量)은 각 원소별(元素別)로 차이가 있었는데, 즉 Cd와 As는 유기태(有機態), Cu와 Pb 및 Mn은 Carbonate태(態), Fe와 Zn은 잔사태(殘渣態)가 다른 형태(形態)보다 더 높게 나타났다. 참억새와 골풀은 각각 75%와 15% 정도(程度)로 서식(棲息)하고 있었으며, 이는 이들 식물(植物)들이 중금속(重金屬)에 대해 내성(耐性)을 가지고 있음을 보여주었다. 참억새와 골풀에 분포(分布)되어 있는 중금속(重金屬)은 Mn을 제외하고 줄기보다는 뿌리에 더 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 참억새의 경우 Zn은 줄기와 뿌리에 비슷하게 분포(分布)하는 것으로 나타났다. 주변(周邊) 용수(用水)의 분석(分析) 결과(結果) 침출수(浸出水)에서 중금속(重金屬) 함량(含量)이 높게 나타났으며, Fe와 Mn 및 Zn이 많이 검출(檢出)되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.254-264
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• 2005

This study was conducted to estimate the contents of heavy metals 'Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn' in some vegetables which were produced in Korea. The levels of heavy metals were determined using a mercury analyzer, an ICP(inductively coupled plasma spectrometer) and an AAS(atomic absorption spectrophotometer) after wet digestion. The values of heavy metals "mean(mini.~maxi.)" ppm(mg/kg) in some vegetables(raw of perilla leaf, chard, small water dropwort, water dropwort, kale, bud of aralia, pumpkin(round type) and pumpkin(long type) were as follows : Hg : 0.0021(0.0006~0.0054)mg/kg, Cd : 0.0035(ND*~0.0377)mg/kg, Pb : 0.0191(0.0023~0.0928)mg/kg, As : 0.0757(ND~0.5294)mg/kg, Zn : 2.6299(0.4478~6.8567)mg/kg, Cu : 1.0261(0.2046~8.9417)mg/kg, Cr : 0.1535 (0.0240~0.4982)mg/kg, Mn : 3.2476(0.3283~9.8280)mg/kg. This results showed that Mn was generally simillar to previous reports and Cd, Hg, Pb were lower than other reseaches, but As was little higher or Zn, Cu, Cr were higher than the levels of those reported contents in some vegetables on domestic supermarkets in Korea, Although tolerable limit of Hg and Cd is not in a regulation of WHO/FAO, these mean levels(Pb, As, Zn, Cu) are lower than recommended levels of WHO/FAO, Pb "0.1~2.0" mg/kg, As "1.0" mg/kg, Zn "5.0" mg/kg and Cu "0.1~50"mg/kg from vegetables in 'the tolerable contents of food' by the FAO/WHO, therefor some vegetables has set to evaluate their safeties.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2016

The short-term effects of low-level contamination by heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, and Pb) on the soil health were examined by analyzing soil nematode community in soils planted with tomatoes. For this, the soils were irrigated with five metal concentrations ([1, 1/4, $1/4^2$, $1/4^3$, and 0] ${\times}$ maximum concentrations [MC] detected in irrigation waters near abandoned mine sites) for 18 weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly increased in soils irrigated with MC of heavy metals, among which As and Cu exceeded the maximum heavy metal residue contents of soil approved in Korea. In no heavy metal treatment controls, nematode abundances for all trophic groups (except omnivorous-predatory nematodes [OP]) and colonizer-persister (cp) values (except cp-4-5) were significantly increased, and all maturity indices (except maturity index [MI] of plant-parasitic nematodes) and structure index (SI) were significantly decreased, suggesting the soil environments might have been disturbed during 18 weeks of tomato growth. There were no concentration-dependent significant decreases in richness, abundance, or MI for most heavy metals; however, their significant decreases occurred in abundance and richness of OP and cp-4, MI2-5 (excluding cp-1) and SI, indicating disturbed soil ecosystems, at the higher concentrations (MC and MC/4) of Pb that had the most significant negative correlation coefficients for heavy metal concentrations and nematode community among the heavy metals. Therefore, the short-term effects of low-level heavy metal contamination on soil health can be analyzed by nematode community structures before the appearance of plant damages caused by the abiotic agents, heavy metals.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1999

하수슬러지의 농지이용가능성을 조사하기 위하여 하수슬러지를 주원료로 하여 생산된 퇴비를 토양에 처리함으로써 벼 생육시기별 토양의 화학적 특성 변화, 식물체중 무기성분 및 중금속함량 변화, 현미중 중금속함량변화, 작물생육상황, 수량 및 수량구성요소 등을 조사하였다. 토양중 유기물, 질소, 유효인산 및 치환성카리는 퇴비시용 20일 후 퇴비시용량이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 수확기에는 퇴비시용 20일 후에 비하여 질소, 유효인산은 현저히 감소하였고, 토양중 중금속함량도 퇴비시용량이 증가할수록 증가하였으나 그 증가 폭은 매우 미미하였다. 수확기의 식물체 부위별 질소 및 카리함량은 퇴비시용구가 대조구에 비하여 모든 부위에서 별 차이가 없었으나, 인산함량은 퇴비시용량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 그리고 식물체 부위별 및 현미중 중금속함량은 처리간 별 차이가 없었다. 벼 수량은 삼요소에 하수슬러지 퇴비를 각각 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 및 6,000kg/10a 시용 하였을 경우 삼요소구에 비하여 각각 약 3, 18, 44 및 54%증가되었으며, 벼의 건물중, 분얼수 및 주당입수는 하수슬러지 퇴비의 시용으로 증가하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1992

Authors investigated the heavy metals in water, soil, rice and Urine of residents along the KUM river. Sample were analyzed by Varian Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The Contents of cadmium and Lead in water were in the range of 0~2.15$\mu$g/l, 0~4.29$\mu$g/l, respectively. 2. The Contents of heavy metals in soil were in the range of 0.32~0.91mg/kg, 5.59~21.55mg/kg for Cd, Pb respectively. 3. Those in rice were in the range of 0.025~0.062mg/kg for Cd, Pb respectively. 4. The mean of Lead and Cadmium Concentration in Urine of residents of Munju Ri were 28.63$\mu$g/l and 1.66$\mu$g/l respectively, Those was also the highest level among the investigated group.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2010

1. Objective: To compare the contents and transfer rate of hazardous substances in crude, washing solution, crude after washing, decoction and remnant after boiling. 2. Methods: The heavy metal contents of each step were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer (MA-2). In order to analyze pesticides in each sample we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. 3. Results: 1) Contents (mg/kg) of heavy metals in decoction of all herbal medicine prescriptions were not detected. 2) Transfer rates (%) of heavy metals from crude to remnant were As (83.3%), Cd (100.0%), Pb (182.6%) and Hg (100.0%). 3) Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides were not detected. 4) Transfer rate (%) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from crude to remnant was 44.2%. 4. Conclusion: Our results showed that boiled herbal medicine prescriptions which we take is safe from the hazardous substances.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.342-346
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• 2003

본 연구는 국내 유통되고 있는 207건의 음료류에 대하여 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 주석함량은 습식분해 후 유도결합플라스마분광기(ICP), 원자흡광광도계(AAS)를 사용하여 분석하였으며 수은함량은 수은분석기 등을 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. [단위: min-max(mean), mg/kg]; Hg 0.0001-0.0025(0.0004), As 불검출-0.0245(0.0003), Pb 불검출-0.089(0.004), Cd 불검출-0.006(0.001), Sn 불검출-45.36(1.97). 본 조사결과 우리나라에서 유통되고 있는 음료류 중 납 등 중금속 함량은 외국의 모니터링 결과와 유사하였다. 또한 우리나라 국민이 음료류를 통한 중금속 섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용량의 약 $0.01{\sim}0.06%$ 이하로 매우 낮았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 1990

Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used not only as ingredients in herbal medicine but also in pharmacological soft drinks. The author collected for analysis of content of 8 kinds of heavy metal(Cd, pb, Hg, Cu, Mn, Fe, As) in soil and cluture soil in an around the Taegu area including Sang Ju, Non Gong, Keum Ho, and Weol Bae. THe toxic content in Gaoderma lucidum showed relatively low level as in cadmium lead mercury arsenic : 0.8-0.13ppm 0.17-1.43ppm 0.02-0.32ppm 0.01-0.19ppm respectively : in copper mangenese zinc and iron : 0.93-4.29ppm, 0.37-2.18ppm 1.02-1.65ppm, 4.57-11.04ppm those grown in soil showed higher percentages of content than those grown on logs in lead copper zinc and iron by 43.2% 68.6%, 20.3% and 43.2% respectively. The content of heavy metals in those grown in soil and culture soil tended to be higher in the areas near factories of industrial complexes especially in manganese and iron. The content of heavy metals in soil and culture soil appeared lower than the mean values of Korean Soil. No interrelationship was found in the content of heavy metals between those of Ganoderma lucidum grown on logs and those grown in soil. In case of pot cultivation however the mushroom spawns are grown originally in soil which seems to influence the degree of content of heavy metals of media.