• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.254-269
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose guidance for wall renewal that is appropriate for an ancient city wall through application of advanced research and theories in wall design. It is a streetscape improvement project which forms part of the "Ancient City Image Finding Project". Study methods consist of advanced research classification, wall design theory contemplation, and analysis of the significance of designated ancient city areas and the "Ancient City Image Finding Project" status. Based on these methods, case study candidates were selected, case status and problems were identified, and improvement proposals were analyzed by comparing various features. Advanced wall research was classified into six categories including analysis of wall characteristics; wall design principle applications; wall structure, color, shape, and application; modern reinterpretation; palace walls; and house, temple, and village walls. The wall is an element of the streetscape improvement component of the "Ancient City Image Finding Project", with the characteristic of providing preceding experience in visual and cognitive awareness than interior structure. Case candidates for ancient city wall improvement are based on the composition distribution of the special conservation district in each ancient city as well as the conservation promotion district. Ultimately, the surrounding village of Gongju-si Geumseong-Dong Songsanri-gil, adjacent to the Royal Tomb of King Muryeong, was selected as the candidate. The "Ancient City Image Finding Project" of the surrounding village of Gongju-si Geumseong-Dong Songsanri-gil began with new Hanok construction. However, wall maintenance did not begin concurrently with that new Hanok construction. Support and maintenance took place afterwards as an exterior maintenance project for roadside structures. If the Hanok and wall were evaluated and constructed at the same time, the wall would have been built in unison with the size and design of the Hanok. The layout of the main building and wall of the Hanok is deemed to be a structure that is closed tightly because of its spatial proximity and tall height. Songsan-ri-gil's wall design should create a calm, subtle, and peaceful atmosphere with shapes, colors, and materials that express ancient city characteristics, but it is in an awkward position due to its sharpness and narrowness. The cause of the problem at Gongju-si Geumseong-dong Songsanri-gil, the case candidate, is that it is lacking significantly in terms of the aesthetic factors that traditional walls should possess. First, aesthetic consciousness seems to have disappeared during the selection and application process of the wall's natural materials. Second, the level of completion in design and harmony is absent. Maintenance guidance after analyzing the cause of problems in ancient city wall maintenance at Gongju-si Geumseong-dong Songsanri-gil, the subject area of research, is as follows: First, the Hanok design and layout of the wall and main gate should be reviewed simultaneously. Second, the one-sided use of natural stone wall in the Hanok wall design should be reexamined. Third, a permanent system to coordinate the opinions of citizens and experts during the planning and design phases should be employed. Fourth and finally, the Hanok's individuality shall be collectivized and its value as a cultural asset representing the identity of the community shall be increased.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2018

In this study, we applied the flipped-classroom to the general chemistry experiment lecture of the domestic university with strong teacher-led, and explored the effects and possibilities of the course. For this purpose, 30 students who were enrolled in the Science Education Department of the College of Education in the metropolitan area were randomly assigned to two groups, namely, the flipped-classroom group and the traditional class group. Then, we developed a general chemistry experiment lessons based on the flipped-classroom along with visual materials and we applied the lessons for 15 weeks. After all the classes, we conducted a survey to see the students' perception of the general chemistry experiment lecture by flipped classroom. As a result of analysis, the students of the flipped-classroom group were more positive than the students of the traditional class group in terms of the usefulness of the class activity, the importance of each activity element for the successful learning, the learning level, and the intention for another lesson. As a result of analyzing students' perceptions in terms of general chemical experiment activities such as conducting experiments or writing reports and understanding the contents of experiments, the average score of the flippedclassroom group was higher than the traditional class group, and the main cause of this result was the video material provided by prior learning activities. In addition, as a result of analyzing students' perceptions in terms of interactions and self-directed learning in class, the average score of the flipped-classroom group was generally higher than the traditional class group. In particular, students' interactions and self-directed learning were statistically significant differences between the two groups. And the students' perception of video material was very positive, and it was analyzed that the video that the instructor directly explained experiment theory and method was the most favorite videos of students. We discussed educational implications of these findings.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.211-220
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• 2019

It helps to wisely abstain from errors of the a priori subjective emotions related to human emotions, and orders emotions to make rational choices. These emotional happiness of human and moral sensitivities work directly or indirectly in rational choice of rational thought and reason. Abraham would have been troubled by the divine mandate to sacrifice a son who was only one, and a son who had been healed. Was his reason reasonable at this time? In rational reason, it can be said that the act of dedicating his son is an appropriate act, but is it possible in the human mind? Aristoteles also called human virtue virtue in good for human beings. Because happiness is also a mental activity, we have to know a certain degree about the mind. This ψυχή(psyche, spirit) spirit is an irrational element that is invisible but an intervention in rational principles. Also C. G. Jung states that all human beings have four dynamic psychological functions that are not visible, and that the mind is driven by these four functional dimensions. This means that the elements of S, Sensing, N, Intuition, T, Thinking, and Feeling are combined. David Hume also emphasized the principle of empathy, asserting that morality can not be derived from reason, and Max Ferdinand Scheler, before grasping the visual characteristics of a person, has already captured the whole feeling of the person, And that the value given to this feeling is the value, and that the function of emotion that is elevated to the perceived object by grasping the value through this process and the value is always preceded by the reason. Emmanuel Levinas states that emotional emotions of love are ahead of reason and that emotions precede human reasoning and rationality is the inability of emotional control that we need rational thought and rational and wise action as reason of control and temperance. As part of human emotional education, in the 7th curriculum, Bloom's cognitive, perceptive, and behavioral domain, which is a person with integrated thinking, is trying to be a moral practitioner. It focuses on how to act according to the direction of emotions for virtuous acts and how to develop emotions for emotions on behalf of vicious acts. We can design the possibility and direction of cultivating human emotions and emotional happiness and happy sensitivities by the principle of strengthening virtue and the principle of elimination of ill feeling.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1985

A pot experiment was conducted to study the influence of potassium and cesium carrier on the uptake of radionuclide $Cs^{137}$ which is an element released usually from nuclear facilities, by paddy rice upon prolonged cropping of contaminated soils. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Visual toxic symptoms on the growth of rice plant due to treatment of radioactive cesium were not observed up to $20 {\mu}Ci/10Kg$ soil in a pot. 2) The yield and potassium content in rice plant were increased with potassium application, while the reverse was true for the calcium and magnesium. The addition of potassium to the soil markedly reduced $Cs^{137}$ uptake by rice plant but the addition of Cs carrier increased $Cs^{137}$ uptake. 3) Potassium and $Cs^{137}$ showed uniform distribution in all parts of plant and the contents of these two elements were high in the stems and leaves, and low in the heads. The ratio of $Cs^{137}$ to K was, however, not uniform in all parts of a plant. It was shown that this ratio was higher in the seed part, that is, chaff and hulled grain than in the leaves and stems. 4) $Cs^{137}$ absorption rate in rice plant was remarkably reduced with increase of potassium application and it was ranged from $0.02{\sim}0.47%$ in potassium non-treated plot to 0.01∼0.04% in plot treated with a concentration of 16Kg/10a. 5) The amount of $Cs^{137}$ and potassium uptake of rice plant depended on soil type. Uptake of $Cs^{137}$ by rice plant was higher in the soil with low pH and potassium content. The $Cs^{137}$ uptake by rice plant decreased as the potassium content and pH of soil was increased, but $Cs^{137}$ uptake increased when CEC and clay content in soil was high.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.99-126
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• 2013

This study is meant to be seeing how fun of animation works by reviewing it theoretically and coordinating it to suggest the structure which integrates fun of animation and validates the proposed fun model. After reviewing fun theoretically, the fun of animation could be able to coordinate that fun of animation is consist of perceptive fun, cognitive fun, and psychological fun. Perceptive fun is induced by visual, auditory and other sensory information and it is directly affected the image, sound, and movement. Cognitive fun can be obtained by reasoning and interpretation to mobilize their knowledge with sensuously perceived stimulation and it is directly affected the story. Psychological fun occurs when the audience see the animation. The psychological fun is the psychological emotional state when the audience watches animation by relieving psychological congestion. It consists of fun of unfamiliarity or identification. By suggesting research model and validating it how the perceptive fun, cognitive fun, and psychological fun affects each other, perceptive fun enhances cognitive fun and psychological fun. Although cognitive fun enhances psychological fun, cognitive fun enhances psychological fun twice than perceptive fun. Also when perceptive fun affects psychological fun, cognitive fun shows the indirect effect as a parameter. In conclusion, perceptive fun affects psychological fun directly and be enhanced through cognitive fun. Fun of animation can be experienced when perceptive fun caused by accepting sensory information of animation instantly, cognitive fun caused by interpretation and understanding sensory information of animation, and psychological fun caused by relieving psychological identity through recognition fuses and acts as one. An animation emphasized a certain element is difficult to be loved by the audience. In this reason, an harmonical combination among the elements of story, image, sound and movement are important to combinate harmoniously for a successful animation to make the audiences fun by arising funny emotions.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.100-121
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• 2009

This study is subjected to those gardens of the Korean Folk Village 'Oeam-Ri' designed in 1920s. - transitional period of traditional gardens - and define socio-cultural change's influences and through documents on garden design, descendant's testimony and measured drawings, to understand that period's garden culture's characteristics according to garden design elements. This study applied following analysis methods and procedures to derive out characteristics of transitional garden culture. Analysis on socio-cultural characteristics in 1920s. Analysis on actual condition of transitional garden's design. In this point Outline of the Garden, Space formation, Garden designing elements are (1) water landscape, (2) plant, (3) structures, (4) paving, to derive out characteristics of the transitional garden. The results follow as below; First, during the transitional period 1920s, the economical development, fueled by opening nation's door to foreign countries and indication of collapse of statue systems together with idea of practical science and Enlightenment Thought, was element of changes in garden style. Second, Garden Designers of transitional gardens in 'Oeam-Ri' were limited to upper class of the society. They were wealthy enough to maintain their high social statue in rapidly changing society. As results, tendency of returning to nature developed gardens located in a site of scenic beauty and development of geographical features arranging techniques, and also showed copying foreign styles. Third, arrangement of garden and space composition, in most cases, composed of buildings and yards. Changes in water landscape features and garden spaces are centered to main-yard. Major changes of the garden spaces are water landscapes and plants that showing foreign influences. Fifth, scenic appearance techniques appears with dense garden space and emphasizing visual scenic view. Sixth, the characteristics of transitional garden design techniques are development of geographical feature arranging techniques, changes and mixture of the materials and garden types, emphasizing garden's decorative beauty, change of concept of yard within house into garden, changes from 'borrowing of landscapes' to 'selecting landscapes', changes of front garden from emptiness to fullness, changes of attitudes of enjoying gardens from 'staying calm in the garden' to 'moving or walking in the garden', changes to inner-oriented view, and changes from 'just watching and enjoying the nature' to 'enjoying specific objects'. This study is one of the efforts to restore the identity of Korean Traditional Garden by approaching and observing modern era which function as bridge between tradition and present day, and we observed transitional aspects of changes of traditional garden into modern garden. Hereafter, more studies will be needed to Modern Garden Design be recognized as part of Korean Garden Design History and these would be author's next assignment.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.439-450
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• 2018

The lineament is a linear or curved terrain element to discriminate adjacent geological structures in each other. It has been widely used for analysis of geology, mineral exploration, natural disasters, and earthquake, etc. In the past, the lineament has been extracted using cartographic map or field survey. However, it is possible to extract more efficiently the lineament for a very wide area thanks to development of remote sensing technique. Remotely sensed observation by aircraft, satellite, or digital elevation model (DEM) has been used for visual recognition for manual lineament extraction. Automatic approaches using computer science have been proposed to extract lineament more objectively. In this study, we evaluate the characteristics of lineament which is automatically extracted with respect to difference of spatial resolution of DEM. We utilized two types of DEM: one is Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) with spatial resolution of about 90 m (3 arc sec), and the other is the latest world DEM of TerraSAR-X add-on for Global DEM with 12 m spatial resolution. In addition, a global DEM was resampled to produce a DEM with a spatial resolution of 30 m (1 arc sec). The shaded relief map was constructed considering various sun elevation and solar azimuth angle. In order to extract lineament automatically, we used the LINE module in PCI Geomatica software. We found that predominant direction of the extracted lineament is about $N15-25^{\circ}E$ (NNE), regardless of spatial resolution of DEM. However, more fine and detailed lineament were extracted using higher spatial resolution of DEM. The result shows that the lineament density is proportional to the spatial resolution of DEM. Thus, the DEM with appropriate spatial resolution should be selected according to the purpose of the study.