• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.514-525
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• 2023

This study conducted numerical simulations with the purpose of analyzing the impact of variations in outlet pressure conditions under extreme temperature conditions on the fluid dynamics and performance of a check valve utilized in hydrogen refueling systems. Under the extreme temperature conditions, changes in outlet pressure conditions of the check valve were investigated to analyze velocity distributions, pressure distributions, and temperature distributions in the operational and connection regions. The analysis results indicated that changes in outlet pressure had a significant influence on the internal temperature variation of the check valve. Furthermore, due to density variations in the connection region caused by the cooling effect of excessively cooled hydrogen, a bias in the primary flow direction towards the lower part of the valve outlet was observed in the outlet area. Through a comparison of the results of the valve's inherent flow performance, represented by the flow coefficient, it was observed that when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet was below 0.37 MPa, sufficient flow was not ensured.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between physical stream characteristics and bed materials in natural rivers. Accordingly, four natural rivers were selected reference streams, they were Nam river, Sumjin River, Naesung River and Han River. Grain size distributions of bed materials were gravels, cobbles and boulders in Han river and Nam river, were sand, gravels, cobbles and boulders in Sumjin river and were sand in Naesung river. Four reference streams were divided into each two reference reaches (straight and bend) by plan and profile characteristics of naturally meandering stream. Therefore various reference reaches were chosen in the aspect of physical stream characteristics and grain size distributions. The results investigated and analyzed are as follows. The streams that grain sizes distributions of river bed materials were coarse were stable because they had variety of bed slope without sediment deposition, and then the riffles frequency and the physical characteristics were various. Also, velocitydepth regime were various in four kinds, and the response parts for water level change were small, so that channel flow status were stable and excellent condition. On the other hand, sand river that grain sizes distributions of river bed materials were fine had not the variety of parameters as velocity-depth regimes, sediment deposition, channel flow status and riffles frequency, so that the physical stream characteristics were not various.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2011

직경 1.0 m인 파일럿 규모 슬러리 기포탑에서 기포체류량의 축방향, 반경방향분포를 고찰하였다. 기체의 유속, 연속 액상의 표면장력 그리고 슬러리상에 포함된 고체입자의 분율이 기포탑 내부 기포의 축방향 및 반경방향 분포에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 본 연구의 실험조건 모두에서 체류량은 기포탑의 중심으로부터 반경방향 무차원 거리가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 기포탑의 분산판으로부터 축방향의 무차원의 거리가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 기포체류량의 반경방향 불균일도는 기체의 유속이 증가함에 따라 연속 액상의 표면장력이 감소함에 따라 증가하였으나 슬러리상에 포함된 고체입자 분율에는 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 본 연구의 범위에서 축방향과 반경방향 기포체류량의 분포는 각각의 실험변수의 상관식으로 나타낼 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.911-918
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• 1997

The turbulent viscous wake flows behind a single airfoil, two-dimensional stationary blade row and three-dimensional rotating blade row were calculated, and the numerical results were compared with experimental ones. The numerical technique was based on the SIMPLE algorithm using three turbulent closure models, standard k-.epsilon. model(WFM), low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model(LRN) and Reynolds stress model (RSM). In the case of a single airfoil, WFM, LRN and RSM presented fairly good velocity distributions in the wake compared with experimental data. In the case of the stationary blade row, LRN and RSM presented better results than WFM for wake velocity distribution, and especially LRN showed best results among these three turbulent models. In the case of the rotating blade row, WFM and LRN showed fairly good agreement with experimental data of the three-dimensional velocity component distributions in the range from hub to mid span region. LRN was also superior to WFM in accuracy of prediction for the wake velocity distribution as same with the cases of a airfoil and the stationary blade row.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2014

Seawater flow characteristics around a manganese nodule mining device in deep sea were analyzed through numerical investigation. The mining device influences the seawater flow field with complicated velocity distributions, and they are largely dependent on the seawater flow speed, device moving speed, and injection velocity from the collecting part. The flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distributions are compared at several positions from the device rear, side, and top, and it is possible to predict the distance from which the mining device affects the seawater flow field through the variation of turbulent kinetic energy. With the operation of the collecting device the turbulent kinetic energy remarkably increases, and it gradually decreases along the seawater flow direction. Turbulent kinetic energy behind the mining system increases with the seawater flow velocity. The transient behavior of nodule particles, which are not collected, is also predicted. This study will be helpful in creating an optimal design for a manganese nodule collecting device that can operate efficiently and which is eco-friendly.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.533-542
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• 1999

In this study the flow characteristics of developing turbulent pulsating flows in a square-sec-tional 180。 curved duct are investigated experimentally. The experimental study of air flow in a square-sectional curved duct is carried out to measure axial velocity distribution secondary flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress distributions by using a Laser Doppler Velocimetry system with the data acquisition and processing system of Rotating Machinery Resolver (RMR) and PHASE software at the entrance region of the duct which is divided into 7 sections from the inlet(${{\o}}=0_{\circ}$) to the outlet (${{\o}}=180_{\circ}$) in $30_{\circ}$ intervals. The results obtained from the study are summarized as follows: (1) The time-averaged critical Dean number of turbulent pulsating flow(De ta, cr) is greater than $75{\omega}+$ It is understood that the critical Dean number and the critical Reynolds number are related to the dimensionless angular frequency in a curved duct. (2) Axial velocity profiles of turbulent pulsating flows are of an annular type similar to those of turbulent stead flows. (3) Secondary flows of trubulent pulsating flows are strong and complex at the entrance region. As velocity amplitudes(A1) become larger secondary flows become stronger. (4) Wall shear stress distributions of turbulent pulsating flows in a square-sectional $180_{\circ}$ curved duct are exposed variously in the outer wall and are stabilized in the inner wall without regard to the phase angle.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.957-968
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• 2007

수자원의 정량적인 계획과 관리를 위해서는 정확하고 신뢰성 높은 유량 자료가 필수적이다. 이에 따라 최근에 초음파유량계와 유속지수법 등의 실시간 유량 측정 방법이 도입되고 있다. 이러한 방법들은 단면의 일부분에서 측정한 유속을 이용하여 전체 단면의 유량을 산정하고 있으므로 하천 단면의 2차원적 유속분포에 대한 합리적이고 이론적인 기초가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Chiu(1987, 1988)가 제안한 2차원 유속분포식을 자연하천에 적용하고 ADCP 실측 자료를 이용하여 비교 분석함으로써 적용성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 실측 자료로부터 최대유속과 평균유속을 계산한 후 매개변수 M을 산정하였다. 등유속선 형상 매개변수는 최소자승합 기준의 목적함수를 이용하여 추정하였다. 최적화된 매개변수를 적용하여 도출된 엔트로피 유속분포를 실측 유속분포와 비교한 결과, 대체로 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 상관도가 높게 나타나는 14개의 실측 자료를 이용하여 매개변수 h, $\beta_i$의 특성을 분석한 후 미측정 단면에 적용할 수 있도록 그 값을 추정하였다. 추정된 매개변수를 검증을 위한 자료에 적용한 결과 역시 실측 자료를 대체로 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 유량의 경우 최대 7% 의 오차로 실측 자료와 대체로 비슷하게 산정하였다. Chiu의 유속분포식에 관여하는 매개변수를 적절히 추정한다면 자연하천의 유속분포를 잘 모의할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

Observations of line of sight (LOS) Doppler velocity and non-thermal line width in the off-limb solar corona are often used for investigating the Alfvén wave signatures in the corona. In this study, we compare LOS Doppler velocities and non-thermal line widths obtained simultaneously from two different instruments, Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP) and Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS), on various off-limb coronal regions: flaring and quiescent active regions, equatorial quiet region, and polar prominence and plume regions observed in 2012-2014. CoMP provides the polarization at the Fe xiii 10747 Å coronal forbidden lines which allows their spectral line intensity, LOS Doppler velocity, and line width to be measured with a low spectral resolution of 1.2 Å in 2-D off limb corona between 1.05 and 1.40 RSun, while Hinode/EIS gives us the EUV spectral information with a high spectral resolution (0.025 Å) in a limited field of view raster scan. In order to compare them, we make pseudo raster scan CoMP maps using information of each EIS scan slit time and position. We compare the CoMP and EIS spectroscopic maps by visual inspection, and examine their pixel to pixel correlations and percentages of pixel numbers satisfying the condition that the differences between CoMP and EIS spectroscopic quantities are within the EIS measurement accuracy: ±3 km s-1 for LOS Doppler velocity and ±9 km s-1 for non-thermal width. The main results are summarized as follows. By comparing CoMP and EIS Doppler velocity distributions, we find that they are consistent with each other overall in the active regions and equatorial quiet region (0.25 ≤ CC ≤ 0.7), while they are partially similar to each other in the overlying loops of prominences and near the bottom of the polar plume (0.02 ≤ CC ≤ 0.18). CoMP Doppler velocities are consistent with the EIS ones within the EIS measurement accuracy in most regions (≥ 87% of pixels) except for the polar region (45% of pixels). We find that CoMP and EIS non-thermal width distributions are similar overall in the active regions (0.06 ≤ CC ≤ 0.61), while they seem to be different in the others (-0.1 ≤ CC ≤ 0.00). CoMP non-thermal widths are similar to EIS ones within the EIS measurement accuracy in a quiescent active region (79% of pixels), while they do not match in the other regions (≤ 61% of pixels); the CoMP observations tend to underestimate the widths by about 20% to 40% compared to the EIS ones. Our results demonstrate that CoMP observations can provide reliable 2-D LOS Doppler velocity distributions on active regions and might provide their non-thermal width distributions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.174-181
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• 1999

in order to elucidate the characteristic of velocity distribution of the cavity air. Exploratory tests were conducted on an unloaded rolling radial tire operated at various speeds and inflation pressure. A hot-wire anemometer, rotating with the tire, was used to measure the flow velocity inside the tire cavity. Tow different types of experiments were performed ; one for the effects of rolling speed with constant inflation pressure, the other for the various cavity pressures with constant rolling speed. Experimental results are given as plots of the mean velocity distributions versus the distance from the rim. It is observed that the magnitude of mean velocity in the cavity air shows increasing natures with the increasing of the inflation pressures and rolling speeds.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

Diesel vehicle is growing in importance in light-duty sector as a way of reducing greenhouse gases due to improved fuel economy. Carbon monoxide, gas-phase hydrocarbon and organic fraction of diesel particulates can be oxidized to harmless products using a diesel warm-up catalyst (WCC). This study investigated the effect of a turbocharger and a baffle on flow fields and temperature distributions in the WCC for Diesel vehicles by a numerical analysis. In the case of the WCC with the turbocharger, velocity vectors and temperatures of inlet of the WCC have the relatively homogeneous distributions by the swirl generated from the turbocharger. Velocity vectors and temperatures of inlet of the WCC with the turbocharger and the baffle have the improved distributions in homogeneity compared with the case of the WCC without the baffle. The homogeneous flow field and the temperature distribution in the WCC may contribute to improve the conversion performance of the catalysts.