• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2013

본 논문은 뇌에서 발생하는 언어와 관련된 현상들을 모델링하여 외국어 능숙도 측정 방법을 설계 및 개발하였다. 이 방법은 인지 심리학에서 인지능력을 측정하는 방법에 기반하며, 어휘 판단 과제, 언어 점화 과제, 구어 작업 기억 능력 측정 과제로 나뉜다. 어휘 판단 과제는 자극에 대해 단어인지 비 단어인지를 얼마나 빠르게 판단하는 지를 측정한다. 어휘 판단 과제는 세부적으로 자극의 형태에 따라 읽기와 듣기로 나뉜다. 언어 점화 과제는 언어의 산출 능력을 측정한다. 언어 점화 과제는 자극에 따라 의미적 점화 과제, 번역 점화 과제로 나뉜다. 구어 작업 기억 능력은 학습자의 단기 기억력을 측정한다. 본 논문에서는 제2외국어에 대한 학습자의 언어 인지능력을 사용하여 외국어 능숙도를 측정하는 방법을 제안한다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1024-1040
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• 2014

The theoretical background and a numerical solution procedure for a time domain hydroelastic code are presented in this paper. The code combines a VOF-based free surface flow solver with a flexible body motion solver where the body linear elastic deformation is described by a modal superposition of dry mode shapes expressed in a local floating frame of reference. These mode shapes can be obtained from any finite element code. The floating frame undergoes a pseudo rigid-body motion which allows for a large rigid body translation and rotation and fully preserves the coupling with the local structural deformation. The formulation relies on the ability of the flow solver to provide the total fluid action on the body including e.g. the viscous forces, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces, slamming forces and the fluid damping. A numerical simulation of a flexible barge is provided and compared to experiments to show that the VOF-based flow solver has this ability and the code has the potential to predict the global hydroelastic responses accurately.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2013

CTLA-4Ig is regarded as an inhibitory agent of the T cell proliferation via blocking the costimulatory signal which is essential for full T cell activation. To improve applicability, we developed the CTLA-4Ig-CTKC in which the c-terminal lysine had been replaced by cysteine through single amino acid change. The single amino acid mutation of c-terminus of CTLA-4Ig was performed by PCR and was checked by in vitro transcription and translation. DNA construct of mutant form was transfected to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by electroporation. The purified proteins were confirmed by Western blot and B7-1 binding assay for their binding ability. The suppressive capacity of CTLA-4Ig-CTKC was evaluated by the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and in the allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation model. CTLA-4Ig-CTKC maintained binding ability to B7-1 molecule and effectively inhibits T cell proliferation in MLR. In the murine allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation, short-term treatment of CTLA-4Ig-CTKC prolonged the graft survival over 100 days. CTLA-4Ig-CTKC effectively inhibits immune response both in MLR and in allogeneic islet transplantation model, indicating that single amino acid mutation does not affect the inhibitory function of CTLA-4Ig. CTLA-4Ig-CTKC can be used in vehicle-mediated drug delivery system such as liposome conjugation.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

Objectives: This study applied Havruta, a learner-centered educational method, and verified its effectiveness, to break from the existing mechanical memorization methods of scripture reading classes, which are basic subjects of East Asian medicine at East Asian medicine universities. Method: To this end, D University's scripture reading course was redesigned according to Havruta's teaching model, and Havruta classes were conducted according to the instructional design. Results: As a result of the class, students' Chinese translation ability improved, and they were able to concentrate on class (M=4.24). Through class, they acquired knowledge in the field (M=4.21) and their ability to communicate with others improved (M=4.21). M=4.25), it can be inferred and interpreted that the learner is engaged. Conclusion: The results of this study are examples of applying various teaching and learning methods required in the East Asian medicine evaluation and certification of East Asian medicine at East Asian medicine universities, and can be used as practical basic data that can be applied not only to scripture reading subjects but also to other subjects.

• 정보학연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

자바 프로그램은 플랫폼 독립적이라는 장점을 갖는 반면에 그의 실행이 가상 기계를 통하여 이루어지기 때문에 실행 시간의 비효율성을 가진다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 just-in-time(JIT) 컴파일러, 오프라인 바이트코드 컴파일러와 같은 다양한 해결 방법이 제안되어 왔다. 그러나 JIT 컴파일러는 실행시간에 바이트코드로부터 네이티브 코드로의 번역이 일어나므로 실행시간 부담을 가진다. 그리고 순수 오프라인 바이트코드 컴파일러는 동적 클래스 적재(dynamic class loading)의 어려움을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 동적으로 바이트코드를 적재학 수 있는 능력을 유지하면서, JIT 보다 더 효율적 실행이 가능한 방법을 제안한다. 또한 기존의 bytecode-to-C 번역기와는 달리, 우리의 번역기는 자바 네이티브 인터페이스(JNI)를 사용함으로서 JDK 실행 환경과의 완벽한 호환성을 유지한다. 본 연구의 결과로 바이트코드를 JNI를 사용한 C 코드로 변환하기 위한 번역기를 설계하고 구현하였다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-63
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• 2006

This study aims at examining effects of study skills training on elementary school children's self-directed learning ability. To achieve this goal, the following hypotheses were built. Hypothesis 1. There are significant differences in self-directed learning ability between experimental and control groups. Hypothesis 2. There are significant differences in study skills by self-directed learning ability in the experimental group. To test these hypotheses, two classes in the fourth grade were selected from S Elementary School in the city of Busan for experimental and control groups, each of which consisted of 23 children: seven for the advanced group, eight for the intermediate group, and eight for the lower group according to self-directed learning ability. The experimental group participated in twenty sessions of study skills training while the control group went through no treatment. The study skills training program was the reconstruction to meet the requirements of this study in reference to domestic study skills training programs on the basis of the Study Skills Training Program for Elementary School Children in the Higher Grades developed by Byeon and others (2001), The effects of the program was tested by using the Study Skills Test for Elementary School Children in the Higher Grades developed by the educational institute of Busan National University (Bye on et al., 1999) and Lee's (1998) translation of the Self-Directed Learning Preparation Test by Guglielmino (1977) for elementary school children. To analyze the effects of the program, the SPSSWIN (10.0) program was used to carry out ANCOVA on results of pretest and post-test for experimental and control groups, along with repetitive one-way ANOVA to examine differences in results of pretest, post-test, and further test and an individual comparative test (Scheffe) to see differences in means of the three tests. This study obtained the following results. First, there were significant differences in marks for self-directed learning ability between the experimental group participating in study skills training and the control group and the effect was shown to last. Second, in terms of three levels of self-directed learning ability, there was no significant difference between advanced and intermediate groups in the effects on study skills but there were significant differences in the lower group. The results demonstrated that study skills training had a significant effect on their self-directed learning ability. and the study skills training program had a meaningful effect on the lower group.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to investigate the types of semantic errors made by MT in translating EFL college students' original drafts written in Korean into English. Specifically, this study attempts to find out 1) what types of semantic errors are most frequently committed by MT? and 2) how students feel about the quality of the MT-produced output? The findings from this study indicated that MT produced the errors related to accuracy (47%) the most, followed by the errors related to fluency and ambiguity (14.6% respectively). Students were well aware of the errors with accuracy and fluency but had limited ability to check the errors with ambiguity. Based on the findings, this study suggests pedagogical implications which can be implemented in L2 writing classrooms.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

Purpose : This paper reviews evidence supporting adaptive plasticity in skeletal muscle fibers induced by various exercise training and neuromuscular activity. Result : Skeletal muscle fiber demonstrates a remarkable adaptability and can adjust its physiologic and contractile makeup in response to alterations in functional demands. This adaptive plasticity results from the ability of muscle fibers to adjust their molecular, functional, and contractile properties in response to altered physiological demands, such as changes in exercise patterns and mechanical loading. The process of activity-dependent plasticity in skeletal muscle involves a multitude of signalling mechanisms initiating replication of specific genetic sequences, enabling subsequent translation of the genetic message and ultimately generating a series of myosin heavy chain isoform. Conclusions : Knowledge of the mechanisms and interaction of activity-dependent adaptive pathways in skeletal muscle is important for our understanding of the synthesis of muscle myosin protein, maintenance of metabolic and functional capacity with physical activity, and therapeutic intervention for functional improvement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.581-590
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• 2016

Resistance to anoikis, a cell-detachment induced apoptosis, is one of the malignant phenotypes which support tumor metastasis. Molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of this phenotype require further investigation. This study aimed at exploring protein expression profiles associated with anoikis resistance of a metastatic breast cancer cell. Cell survival of suspension cultures of non-metastatic MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells were compared with their adherent cultures. Trypan blue exclusion assays demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of viable cells in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cell cultures, consistent with analysis of annexin V-7-AAD stained cells indicating that MDA-MB-231 possess anti-apoptotic ability 1.7 fold higher than MCF-7 cells. GeLC-MS/MS analysis of protein lysates of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells grown under both culture conditions identified 925 proteins which are differentially expressed, 54 of which were expressed only in suspended and adherent MDA-MB-231 but not in MCF-7 cells. These proteins have been implicated in various cellular processes, including DNA replication and repair, transcription, translation, protein modification, cytoskeleton, transport and cell signaling. Analysis based on the STITCH database predicted the interaction of phospholipases, PLC and PLD, and 14-3-3 beta/alpha, YWHAB, with the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling network, suggesting putative roles in controlling anti-anoikis ability. MDA-MB-231 cells grown in the presence of inhibitors of phospholipase C, U73122, and phospholipase D, FIPI, demonstrated reduced ability to survive in suspension culture, indicating functional roles of PLC and PLD in the process of anti-anoikis. Our study identified intracellular mediators potentially associated with establishment of anoikis resistance of metastatic cells. These proteins require further clarification as prognostic and therapeutic targets for advanced breast cancer.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2023

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is indicated for patients with a large osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), accompanying subchondral cyst, and the failure of bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. Despite the many reports on the clinical results of surgical treatment for medial osteochondral lesions, those of lateral lesions are rare. This paper reports the intermediate-term clinical outcomes after AOT for lateral OLTs. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with lateral OLTs were followed up for at least three years after AOT. The clinical evaluations comprised the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiographic assessment included the irregularity of the articular surface (subchondral plate), the progression of degenerative arthritis, and the changes in talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation. Results: The mean FAOS and FAAM scores improved significantly from 42.1 to 89.5 and 39.5 to 90.6 points, respectively, at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The radiological evaluation revealed two cases (9.5%) of articular step-off ≥2 mm and 1 case (4.8%) of progressive arthritis. The mean talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation improved significantly. As postoperative complications, there was one case of a local wound problem, one case of superficial peroneal nerve injury, and one case of donor site morbidity. At a mean follow-up of 62.3 months, no patient showed a recurrence of instability or required reoperation for OLT. Conclusion: AOT for the lateral OLTs demonstrated satisfactory intermediate-term clinical outcomes, including daily and sports activity abilities. Most OLT could be accessed through lateral ligament division and capsulotomy, and the incidence of iatrogenic complications, such as recurrent sprains or chronic instability, was minimal. AOT appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with large lateral osteochondral lesions unresponsive to conservative therapy, with subchondral cysts, or with failed primary BMS.