• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2013

Our study is to review Chinese traditional medicine's journals about the diagnosis and treatment of spasmodic torticollis such as category, syndrome differentiation, acupoints of treatment, and herbal medicine. The journal search was performed using the search engine of China Academic Journal (CAJ) and China Doctor/Master's Dissertation (CDMD) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1982 to October 2012. Searching key words were the diverse combination of "spasmodic torticollis", "cervical dystonia", "Chinese traditonal medicine", "herbal medicine", "acupuncture", and "syndrome differentiation". The inclusion criteria was all kinds of journals including Chinese traditional medicine approach except for experiment study. The category, syndrome differentiation, acupoints of treatment, and herbal medicine from finally selected journals were extracted and summarized. The fourty-seven Chinese journals were selected finally. The category was divided into wind syndrome, trembling syndrome, convulsive syndrome, and convulsions. The syndrome differentiation was classified as internal stirring of liver wind, yin-blood depletion, invasion of external contraction, uncontrol of governor vessel, internal obstruction of phlegm turbidity, dual deficiency of qi and blood, and blood stasis due to qi stagnation. The combination of acupoints to unblock the meridian and dissipate binds and to tonify governor vessel and repel tremor was mainly used in acupuncture treatment. Galgun-tang or galgun-tanggami was primarily used and the others were the prescriptions to tonify liver and kidney, to calm convulsion, and to dispeling wind-phlegm. We suggests that spasmodic torticollis could be treated using Korean medicine's approach in Korea.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.175-202
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted towards developing a screening tool for syndrome differentiation in the diagnosis of menopause in menopausal and perimenopausal women. Methods: We conducted a literature review of studies on menopausal diagnosis based on syndrome differentiation, and examined well-founded differentiated syndromes and their respective clinical symptoms. Based on the findings, we created a questionnaire through consultations with Oriental medicine experts in physiology, pathology, and diagnostics. Finally, the research team conducted an expert Delphi study on differentiated syndromes and the associated clinical symptoms. Results: Seven differentiated syndromes were selected, including Liver Depression (肝鬱), Kidney Yin Deficiency (腎陰虛), Kidney Yang Deficiency (腎陽虛), Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency (肝腎陰虛), Kidney Yin and Yang Deficiency (腎陰陽兩虛), Heart-Kidney Noninteraction (心腎不交), and Dual Deficiency of Heart and Spleen (心脾兩虛); 4 disease locations, including liver (肝), heart (心), spleen (脾), and kidney (腎); and 3 disease natures, including Yin Deficiency (陰虛), Qi Stagnation (氣滯), and Blood Deficiency (血虛). In addition, we added 3 supplemental disease natures, including Yang Deficiency (陽虛), Qi Deficiency (氣虛), and Heat (火熱), in consideration of syndrome differentiation categories that may possibly be added in a follow-up clinical questionnaire. Conclusions: This resulted in a total of 7 differentiated syndromes, 4 disease locations, and 6 disease natures. We translated the clinical symptoms of these 17 categories into Korean Hangeul. After consulting with 5 Oriental medicine experts and a psychology expert, we produced a questionnaire for use in diagnosing menopause based on syndrome differentiation. The calculation of scores for the syndrome differentiation screening tool will be confirmed through clinical research based on the results of a review of existing literature.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2010

This study is about researching DongEuiBoGam by analysing with pattern identification of modern Traditional Korean medical patholgy as more logical, systematic and standardized theory. Disease pattern mechanisms of essence, spirit, qi and blood in NaeGyungPyeb of DongEuiBoGam are these. In Essence, this explain mechanism of disease patterns those are seminal emission, dream emission, spermatorrhea, white ooze. These disease pattern's mechanisms are kidney yang deficiency, kidney yin deficiency, heart yang deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart qi deficiency, spleen qi deficiency and so on. On viewpoints of viscera and bowels they are related with heart, kidney, spleen. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. Classifying disease pattern of qi is about upward, downward movement and more concentrated deficiency than excess pattern. Fright palpitations can be classified heart deficiency with timidity, heart blood and qi deficiency, heart qi deficiency, heart blood deficiency, heart qi movement stagnation, water qi intimidating the heart, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, phlegm clouding the pericardium, and so on. Palpitations can be classified heart blood deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart deficiency with timidity, heart spleen blood deficiency, spleen qi deficiency, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, intense heart fire, and so on. Forgetfulness can be classified heart spleen blood deficiency, heart spleen qi deficiency, kidney essence deficiency, heart qi deficiency, non-interaction between the heart and kidney, etc. for deficiency pattern, phlegm clouding the pericardium for excess pattern. In Blood just say inside bleeding pattern's category, there are nose bleeding, flopping syncope, qi counterflow, blood vomiting, hemoptysis, spitting of blood, bloody stool, hematuria, and so on. Like these, this study identify pattern of disease in DongEuiBoGam by mechanism of disease theory.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2002

Purpose : This Study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristic of children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and to be classified by its six subtype in the Oriental Pediatric Text Book and to find out relationship of western classification. Methods : Patients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Medical hospital from August, 2001 to October, 2002 due to RAP were included. According to questionnaire and history taking, RAP was classified by its six subtype based on Oriental medical theory. Results : 1. Patients with RAP were more internalized, have a close relation with their parents, and have strong desires of success, but social intercourse is low. 2. 76% of Patients have a less desire to eat and 67% of Patients have a diarrhea or constipation. 3. According to questionnaire, first abdominal pain was their $3{\sim}5$ ages most, cause of occurrence was more 'eating cold foods' most, time of AP (abdominal pain) was $1{\sim}2$ hours after eating and no characteristic most, site of AP was the umbilicus most, shape of AP was impotent pain most, cause of reduce pain was abdominal massage and defection most. 4. frequency of RAP's type, AP caused by diet(食積腹痛) is 45.5%, AP caused by cold(寒腹痛) is 29.1%, AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency(臟腑虛冷腹痛) is 12.7%, stagnation of qi and stasis of blood(氣滯血瘀腹痛) is 10.9%, AP caused by internal diet and external cold(內食外寒腹痛) is 1.8%. There is no AP caused by parasites(蟲腹痛). 5. During clinical classifications of RAP, cause of occurrence was most important cause of reduce pian, defection practice was helpful for diagnosis, but shape of AP, site of AP was not helpful. 6. With relationship of Oriental classification and western classification, AP caused by diet is similar to dysmotilitylike dyspepsia and irriTable bowel syndrome. AP caused by cold is similar to irriTable bowel syndrome. AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency is similar to unspecified dyspepsia. stagnation of qi and stasis of blood and AP caused by internal diet and external cold is not like to western classification. Conclusion : RAP in Childhood is most occurred by food and cold. there is few AP caused by stagnation of qi and stasis of blood and internal diet and external cold. So the study on subclassification and clinical Manifestations of RAP in Childhood is more performed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2000

Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS) is the most common disease in the western male, and it is founded in $70{\sim}80%$ patient who has Gastrointestinal trouble. It is characterized by the formation of disorders of Gastrointestinal tract, for example, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain& discomfort, stool urgency, and so on. The etiology of IBS is uncertain, but the majority of patients has emotional problems. The aims of this study are to investigate and summarize the current trends of treatment for IBS so as to suggest the effective and available way to treat this disease. In Oriental Medicine, the IBS is recognized as Stagnation of the Iiver-qi(肝氣鬱結), Incoordination between the liver and the stomach(肝胃不和). So the point of treatment of IBS is Invigorating the spleen and relieving the depression of Iiver-qi(疏肝健脾), Regulating the function of the liver and the flow of qi(調肝理氣), Regulating the stomach and lowering the adverse flow(和胃降逆), and the treatment can be approached in several ways through herb drugs, acupuncture. Some of the herb drugs have substances which promote gastric and small intestinal emptying. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapies stimulate the meridian points of LR(足厥陰肝經), ST(足陽明胃經), LI(手陽明腸經), SI(手太陽小腸經) and is reported to be effective for releafing syndromes. Anal therapy, attachment of herb drug to umbilicus are annunced as the effective treatments. So, this study of the approach and application of these treatments on IBS would be necessary.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.169-185
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• 2007

Objectives : The studies on variation in diagnosis on the neck and nuchal pain has not been done thoroughly as we can use it in clinical practice of these days. For this reason, I examined the variation in diagnosis mentioned in the classics of Oriental Medicine as the preceding study on standardization of variation in diagnosis on neck and nuchal pain. Methods : I gathered the twenty kinds of classics of Oriental Medicine that were computerized, the textbooks on Oriental Medicine which are being used these days, and the theses on current clinical research. After gathering these data, I analyzed these according to the variation in diagnosis. Results : The classics of Oriental Medicine on the neck and nuchal pain mentioned very much about the neck and nuchal pain occurred by the pathogenic factor of Wind, Cold, and Dampness, disharmony created by deficiency of Liver and Kidney, and pathogenic state of Meridians of Taiyang. According to the texts of these days, the differentiation of syndromes can be divided into four kinds of items such as Wind-Cold pathogen, Wind-Dampness pathogen, Phelgm-Heat, and disharmony between Qi and Blood. The theses of these days rarely mentioned about variation in diagnosis on the neck and nuchal pain. Conclusions : The differentiation of syndromes on the neck and nuchal pain can be divided into four kinds items as affection by exopathogen like Wind, Cold, Dampness, Heat, and so on, stagnation of Qi and the coagulation blood, deficient syndrome of Liver and Kidney, and deficient syndrome of Qi and Blood.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.9
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• 2022

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2008

Hwa-byung is a form of psychogenic illness among people in Korea and is listed as a culture-bound syndrome of Korea in the DSM-IV. Despite increased clinical researches for Hwa-byung in the oriental medicine of Korea, there has been no agreement of pattern identification for Hwa-byung. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 15 neuropsychiatry professors of 11 oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts attended 2 consultation meetings and discussed developing the instrument. and we also took professional advices by e-mail. The results were as follows; First, we divided the symptoms and signs of Hwa-byung into five pattern identification - stagnation of liver Qi, flare-up of the liver fire, disharmony between heart and kidney, deficiency of both Qi and blood, malfunction of gallbladder due to phlegm stagnation. Second, we got the mean weights to each symptom of five pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale - ranging from 0 to 4 by the 15 experts. Third, we made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for Hwa-byung. It was composed of 34 questions and decided on question-and-answer form. Though there are some limits in this study, the instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to improve the instrument and make up for this study through various research and discussion.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpretation of the Daeseunggi-tang(DST) in order to obtain the evidence for clinical applications.Methods and Results : We have analyzed the interpretation on the DST through translations and comparisons based on classic books about the oriental medical prescriptions.Conclusion : 1. 'Dae(大)' in DST means 'strong symptoms' or 'strong efficacy'. 'Seung(承)' in DST means 'smooth (順)', 'attach(連)' and 'serve(奉)'. 2. The main pathogenesis of DST's syndrome are heat binding(熱結)·qi stagnation(氣滯). 3. The main areas where disease pattern of DST is 'Yang brightness(陽明)'. It is also associated with 'Lesser yin (少陰)', 'Qi aspect(氣分)·Blood aspect(血分)' and 'Triple Energizer(三焦)'. 4. Laxative the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma(大黃) is sovereign medicinal(君藥) of DST, because of removing the heat binding(熱結) and the heat that spread throughout the body.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.553-574
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out effects of prescriptions according to the formula, manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma, configuration. The following results were reached through investigations on the prescriptions using Rhei Rhizoma as a main component. Objectives : Analysis of prescriptions According to the formula : Liquid Extract Prescriptions were used widely on three parts to treat fever and damp heat in the interior organs. Powder Prescriptions were taken with hot water, thin porridge, tea etc. to treat damp heat, congestion of phlegm, acute episodes. Liquid Mixed Pill treat congestion of QI, damp heat, phlegm. Honey Mixed Pill treat accumulated fever, distension, acute excessive fever. Paste Pill treat blood stagnation, excessive toxic-fever, epidemic diseases. External Application treat inflammation by injury, swelling due to severe fever by internal damage. Methods : Analysis of prescriptions According to the manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma : Prescriptions including Liquor processed Rhei Rhizoma treat excessive toxic-fever, congestion of phlegm, blocking orifices on the upper side. Steamed Rhei Rhizoma strengthen effects of making evacuate and cooling of heat. Processed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar strengthen effects of removing blood stagnation by activating blood movement, releasing gathering. Results : Analysis of prescriptions According to the Composition of Rhei Rhizoma : 41% of the total prescriptions were on the area of less than 20%. In case of lower groups show increased frequency of combination with Pharbitidis Semen, Persicae Semen, Scutellariae Radix and manipulation of baking, steaming, roasting. In case of higher groups show increased frequency of treating excess syndrome, critical illness, acute severe illness, and using proccesed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar. Treatment of damp heat on the liver and gallbladder, disorder of the spleen and stomach is done mostly by prescriptions on the area of less than 30%. Conclusions : Rhei Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma pair treat damp heat, heat toxins in blood, and Constipation caused by excessive heat. Rhei Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix pair relieve effects of Rhei Rhizoma passing blocked feces, removing the poison, activating blood movement, releasing gathering with the effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix relaxing tension by harmonizing Middle. Rhei Rhizoma-Magnoliae Cortex pair are used to treat damp heat in middle area, excessive heat in the stomach and intestine. Rhei Rhizoma-Pharbitidis Semen pair act on both blood system and QI system treating edema, damp, stagnation, heat toxins, feces. Rhei Rhizoma-Persicae Semen pair treat blood stagnation with fever on blood system.