• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.286-306
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• 2011

Based on the announcement by the National Competitiveness Council in 2008, this study analyzed the direction of the changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area promoted by the current government and to inquire into such the effect, research was done to study the changes in space demand by companies which respond sensitively to changes in regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area. In addition, the effect of Seoul Metropolitan Area policy on company location is explored while company location changes and changes in direction of space demand due to easing of regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area by the current government are examined. Research methods utilized empirical analysis and survey analysis. Empirical analysis utilized statistical data since 1980's. For survey analysis, the effect of changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which is an exogenous shock, on decision making of the enterprise is considered to derive the direction of demand for company manufacturing lots. The results of the study showed that decision for company location or factory size has been affected greatly by Seoul Metropolitan Area policy and domain regulation and institution to restrict permission area of a manufacturing building from the law of improvement plan of the Metropolitan area were the biggest regulatory policies. Due to easing of regulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area by the current government, the demand for manufacturing lot is expected to increase. In particular, the demand for manufacturing lot is expected to increase centered around Seoul Metropolitan Area and Chungcheong province while demand is expected to decrease in Gangwon province. The reason is because company preference is high for the Seoul Metropolitan Area which has the best transportation/logistics and market conditions in Korea. But in the case of Southeast region and Daegyung region that form exclusive economic zones, changing policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area has little impact. In the case of Seoul Metropolitan Area, demand increase does not occur in the entire area but instead, demand is expected to increase in growth management zones.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 1990

The research deals with the establishment of transportation areas in the metropolitan cities. The purpose is three-fold ; 1) to review the existing literature : 2) to analyze the commuting (work and school) pattern and interregional movement pattern of passengers and freights ; 3) to establish the metropolitan transportation area based on the above analyses. The transportation area is defined by the analysis of trip pattern to the center city of each metropolitan area. The detailed indices for establishment are selected by the rank-size and time-distance analyses. For the operational purpose, the study defines 3 different transportation areas as follows : the first transportation area means the directly effecting region of the center city ; the second means the region with many reverse trips and development potentials ; and the third means the indirectly effecting region. It can be concluded that the first transportation area includes 10 cities and 5 counties in Seoul metropol tan region, Yangdsan-Gun, Kimhae-Gun and Kimhae-Si in Busan, Dalsung-Gun, Chilgok-Gun and Kyungsan-Gun in Daegu, Hwasung-Gun and Raju-Gun in Kwangju, and Daeduk-Gun in Daejun. These results could be expected to have many implications for the establishment of area-wide public transportation network, the metropolitan transportation decision-making bodies and others.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.257-262
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• 2003

Now, the population and economical power is deeply concentrated to Seoul-metropolitan region, therefoere the provinces is so lagging behind and the country cannot get balance development. And, like metropolitan region, the more outer the living area of local wide-area city is spreading, the more serious wide-region transportation problems are. But the railroads near wide-area city fun seldom commuter train, so they cannot absorb the transportation demand of wide-area city metropolitan region. To solve above transportation problem, local wide- area cities try to make a subway or a light rail transit. But it is so difficult because the limit of public finance and original small capacity of light rail. In the paper, I propose 'Local city wide-area electric railways' system of the consortium of 'Local wide-city and province transportation union', Korean National Railroad (KNR) and local capital. A 'Local wide-city and province transportation union' operates commuter railways directly using the facilities of KNR, and local capital invests to the stations of above railways system. Therefore the commuter railway system around local wide-city region will be constructed quickly and the stations will be the strong point of local development and investment.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present a plan to distinguish 229 local governments nationwide by taking into account various characteristics such as population, employment, housing, and industry of the region for customized urban policies in the era of metropolitan areas. The National Statistical Portal (KOSIS) collected and standardized data related to population, housing, industry, and finance by region from 2000 to 2015 for the classification of regional types necessary for customized urban policies, and this was used to classify them into regional types that considered population, employment, housing and industry. The summary of the analysis results is as follows. First, as a result of the regional type classification, 10 key employment sites (4.4%), 5 employment centers (2.2%), 38 residential centers (16.6%), 20 growth areas (8.7%), 26 industrial cities (11.4%), 35 low-fertile farming and fishing villages (15.3%) and 95 stagnant areas (41.5%). Second, the Seoul metropolitan area is the most diverse type of metropolitan area in the country, with most of its core employment sites inside Seoul, residential centers inside and outside Seoul, and growth areas in the southeastern part of the country (Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongsangnam-do) are mixed with industrial and growth areas centered around Busan, Ulsan and surrounding areas, while the rest of the local governments are found to be low-fertile farming villages or stagnant areas. Daegu (Daegu, Gyeongbuk) is an industrial city in Daegu, and the rest of the local governments are either low-density farming and fishing villages or stagnant areas. The Honam region (Gwangju and Jeolla) was found to be a low-mill farming and fishing village or stagnant area except for Gwangju, while the Chungcheong region (Daejeon, Sejong, and Chungcheong) was seen as a growth area with areas adjacent to Daejeon, Sejong, and the Seoul metropolitan area, and some industrial cities were included. Finally, the Gangwon area was mostly classified as low-density farming and fishing villages and stagnant areas.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 1994

The primary purpose of this study is, using Landsat remote sensing data and a image processing software, ERDAS, to generate real data and image photographs on physical land use of the Seoul metropolitan region. The remote sensing data used in this study are Landsat MSS data (August 28, 1979) and TM data (May 31, 1991) which cover the Seoul metropolitan region of Korea. The spatial resolutions of MSS data and TM data are 57m X 79m and 30m X 30m respectively. In addition, this study aims at contrasting urbanization phases of the Seoul metropolitan region in 1979 with those in 1991, by making image photographs and statistics on physical land use. Summing up the major results, built-up area ratio within the Seoul city had been expanded from 41.9% in 1979 to 64.5% in 1991 and that within the radius of 40km of Seoul city hall had been expanded from 10.5% In 1979 to 19.8% in 1991. The data and technique developed in this study could serve as a useful tool in making various kinds of spatial plannings, that is, urban and regional planning, selection of optimal new town location, evaluation of public facilities location alternatives, etc..

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 2013

It is well known that exposure to high level of PM (particulate matter) can adversely affect human health. However, little is known about health burden of PM considering the relationship, exposed level of PM, and health level in local communities. And, there is scarcely methodical assessment of uncertainty for application to policies of these assessment results. The scope of this study is divided into two parts: firstly to estimate the death burden of PM10 (particulate matter less then $10{\mu}m$ in diameter) in Seoul metropolitan region, and secondly to evaluate potential uncertainties in these estimates. To estimate the death burden of PM10 in Seoul metropolitan region from 2005~2010, we firstly assessed the relationship between daily mean PM10 and daily death counts in Seoul from 2000~2010, and calculated the death burden of PM10 using BenMAP (Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program). After that, we identified and characterized uncertainties to substantially influence the results of death burden. The daily mortality risk was increased 1.000227 times (p-value/0.001) associated with $1{\mu}g/m^3$ increase of daily mean PM10 for all ages population, Seoul. And, death burdens of PM10 in Seoul metropolitan region were estimated from 5.51 in 2005 to 5.12 in 2010 per 100,000 people. Finally, we categorized context, model, and input uncertainty and characterized these uncertainties in three dimensions (i.e. location, level, and nature) using uncertainty typology. In our study, we argue that uncertainties need to be identified, assessed, reported and interpreted in order for assessment results to adequately support decision making, such as the establishment of air quality standards based on health burden of air quality.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.324-334
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• 2003

The essential Policy for solving the problems of the Seoul Metropolitan Region is the relocation of national pivotal functions into the non-Capital Region. The decentralization of pivotal functions should be pursued at the national level. National public institutions should be moved according to the characteristics of the institution itself and the regional function and specialization. Primarily, after selecting target institutions from the administrations at the vice-ministerial level, affiliated organizations, government-funded agencies, and institutions invested tv governments, we need to develop various measures to diminish the problems and obstacles resulted from the relocation of public sector. The construction of the new administration capital city is one of the alternatives which solve the problems of the Seoul Metropolitan Region and improve the regional inequality. It is very much important that the Korean citizens agree to the construction of the new administration capital city.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.241-256
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to verify the spatial distribution difference between formation and dissolution of start-up firms related to life-cycle. For this purpose, a Korean business directories and information on business closures were used, and location information, starting time, and closure time of start-up firms in the Seoul metropolitan region from 2007 to 2009 were generated in this study. It applied The spatial distribution analysis methods on the formation and dissolution of the start-up firms included Barcki measurements and global spatial autocorrelation. The total number of start-up firms was 5,810, and their five-year survival rate was 77.25%. The dissolution pattern of the start-up firms was dispersed more than their formation pattern in each of the Seoul metropolitan regions, the city of Seoul, and the city of Incheon-Gyeonggi province. In addition, differences between the formation and dissolution patterns according to size and industry category of the firms were confirmed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.591-605
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• 2010

This study were to simulate major criteria air pollutants and estimate regional source-receptor relationship using air quality prediction model (TAPM ; The Air Pollution Model) in the Seoul Metropolitan area. Source-receptor relationship was estimated by contribution of each region to other regions and region itself through dividing the Seoul metropolitan area into five regions. According to administrative boundary, region I and region II were Seoul and Incheon in order. Gyeonggi was divided into three regions by directions like southern(region III), northern(IV) and eastern(V) area. Gridded emissions ($1km{\times}1km$) by Clean Air Pollicy Support System (CAPSS) of National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) was prepared for TAPM simulation. The operational weather prediction system, Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) operated by the Korean Meteorology Administration (KMA) was used for the regional weather forecasting with 30km grid resolution. Modeling period was 5 continuous days for each season with non-precipitation. The results showed that region I was the most air-polluted area and it was 3~4 times more polluted region than other regions for $NO_2$, $SO_2$ and PM10. Contributions of $SO_2$ $NO_2$ and PM10 to region I, II and III were more than 50 percent for their own sources. However region IV and V were mostly affected by sources of region I, II and III. When emissions of all regions were assumed to reduce 10 and 20 percent separately, air pollution of each region was reduced linearly and the contributions of reduction scenario were similar to those of base case. As input emissions were reduced according to different ratio - region I 40 percent, region II and III 20 percent, region IV and V 10 percent, air pollutions of region I and III were decreased remarkably. The contributions to region I, II, III were also reduced for their own sources. However, region I, II and III affected more regions IV and V. Shortly, graded reduction of emission could be more effective to control air pollution in emission imbalanced area.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2014

The objective of the study was to analyze the regional variance of late preterm birth (LPT: 34-36 weeks) by analyzing 2008-2012 birth certificated data of seven metropolitan cities (536,984 births: primiparous singleton birth) from Korea Statistics. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from multinominal logistic regression analyses to describe the regional variance of LPT adjusted for maternal and infantile variables. The highest incidence of LPT rate by region were observed in Ulsan metropolitan city (3.7 percent), and the lowest in Deajon metropolitan city (3.1 percent). After adjustment by logistic regression for infantile sex, maternal variables, there was a significant increase in the risk of late preterm birth in Ulsan metropolitan city (odds ratio: 1.21) as compared with the incidence of LPT in Deajon metropolitan city. The odds ratio of LPT by region were 1.17 in Daegu metropolitan city, 1.13 Busan metropolitan city, and 1.12 in Incheon metropolitan city. More research is required to understand the risk factors for late preterm birth in this area including socio-demographic factors, medical factors, and regional and environmental factors.