• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 2003

The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is the document of intent signed between the Port States Control(PSC) to undertake a uniform as agreed. Though the MOU is not a legally binding, in case where the agreed items are violated without a just cause, the denunciation will follow. International Maritime Organization (IMO) and regional MOUs have been making amendments and reinforcing the relevant requirements, so that port State Authorities can effectively eradicate the substandard vessels. However, the various problems have arisen due to the existence of different requirements of each MOU, the lack of information exchange between each MOU, the lack of uniform PSC implementation within the same MOU and the lack of adequate system due to the short history of MOUs. In this paper, the MOU records for three years (1999∼2001) were analyzed according to each MOU, type of ship, deficiency code, classification society, the number of inspected ships and the number of detained ships to assess the problems (Statistics during 2002 will be published after August 2003). The purpose of this study is to help better understand the PSC activities within each MOU and to establish effective countermeasures by grasping the problems that exist in the PSC at present.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2001

Whether a ship is sub-standard or not shall be finally decided by the minimum standards laid down in international conventions or national standards having the same effects. The flag State is primarily responsible for implementing these standards as far as its own ships are concerned. And the port State shall, in the exercise of its rights under international law, take appropriate measures (including detention of ships identified as sub-standard), which are regarded as port State's supplementary role aiming at implementing these standards. The international standards are implemented by the regional co-operation in the form of the MOU(Memorandum of Understanding) on Port State Control in the Asia-Pacific Region on the ground that the PSC enforcement of only one country does not enable the eradication of sub-standard ships. Recently, EQUASIS which is an international database covering the whole world fleet change the regionalism of PSC into the globalization of PSC. However, there are many problems in Tokyo MOV and Korean PSC regime. In order to ensure the implementation of the standards laid down in international conventions and Tokyo MOU, the Korean and other country in Asia-Pacific shall settle the alienation from the actuality of the law, namely the problem of maritime administrative structure of non unifying PSC affairs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.98-101
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• 2005

The era of PSC is coming up with the increasing numbers of MOU which is a regional cooperation organization all over the world and this PSC is more likely to be intensified as time goes by. Therefore, the changes of MOU and PSC in the main maritime powers are dealt with and then the system for operating development of PSC meeting all kinds of International maritime conventions and national laws in comparison with other countries is studied in this paper.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.333-342
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• 2017

In this study, we studied and analyzed 3,751 ships regarding detention list of Tokyo MOU from 2013 to 2015 total for 36 months. The Member Authorities of the MOU has 20 committee consists of Korea and Peru joined in 2015. 1,250 ships in a year and 140 ships in a month are granted PSC Action Code-30 corresponding to detention. Averagely, 30,943 ships in a year and 2,579 ships have been received PSC inspection. Additionally, according to this PSC inspection, rate of Detention reaches to 4.04%. When it comes to Korean Flag Ships however, the number of Detention ships of Tokyo MOU has been rather increased from 3 ships in 2013 to 18 ships during 2years. Furthermore, MOU in the all over the world, the number of ships had Detention has largely increased from 5 ships to 9 up-to 19ships. The number of Detention Ships has been reached to 44.8% of 1~2 days period of Detentions, under 3~10 days period of Detentions reaches to 34.7% and over 10 days detention reaches 10.3%, which cause economically enormous loss. Continually, each MOU has been implemented Concentrated Inspection Campaign(CIC) annually. Each MOU including Tokyo MOU implemented "Crew Familiarization for Enclosed Space Entry" for 3 month from september, and During this period, Concentrated Inspection were carried out to 8,429 ships of Tokyo MOU. Accordingly, If ships and owners can get the information of CIC and deliver the information to the ship, then Ships can minimize the rate of Detention by thoroughly preparing for PSC Inspection. In addition, Bulk Carrier and General Cargo ship occupy 50% of rate of Detention and it shows that majority of list among Nature of Deficiencies are identical. Finally, If we can obtain the information of the ships inspected previously, We can reduce the number of detention by preparing for PSC inspection. And this will be able to contribute to shipping industry also.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2022

Based on the MOU between Chosun University and Daegu University, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring the operation strategy of a extracurricular education program on the theme of lifelong education for the disabled in community connection. In front-line university sites, extracurricular education programs are often recognized as forms and procedures to assist in subject learning at the major or liberal arts level, but they have a very important status and identity considering that they are classified as "learning competency reinforcement support", "career psychological counseling support", "employment and start-up support", "subject-linked extracurricular education". Accordingly, the extracurricular education programs has the nature and advantage of covering not only the level of the one-time trend program itself, but also various community -linked problem-solving learning, including students' major learning and employment linkage. As part of the above, this study aims to present a strategy for the operation of a extracurricular education programs with the main theme and content of "lifelong education for the disabled" by viewing Chosun University and Daegu University. The contents of the study were largely presented as "organizational operation strategy between two universities," "operation strategy of curriculum between two universities," and "comprehensive system for extracurricular education programs operation of lifelong education for the disabled between the two universities". First, the first research content, "Organized Operation Strategy between Two Universities," was schematized in detail the process of collaborating and communicating with Chosun University's center of extracurricular activities, Daegu University Lifelong Education Center, and other committees and departments. The second research content, "The Curriculum Operation Strategy between Two Universities", is a detailed schematic diagram of the learning contents, methods, and procedures to be organized in the extracurricular education program. The third study, "Comprehensive System of extracurricular education program Operation for Lifelong Education for the Disabled between Two Universities," presents the results of synthesizing the basis elements essential for operating the extracurricular education program at the level of a roadmap. As a result of the study, it was possible to see the project tasks that could be promoted in-depth through the operation of a extracurricular education program on lifelong education for the disabled through the MOU between the two universities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.421-428
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• 2011

Of the countries where Korea has advanced for overseas afforestation investments, Indonesia might be the most important country. As the end of 2010, nine Korean companies have been implementing afforestation projects in Indonesia, covering a total area of one hundred and fifty thousand hectares roughly. Following the Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) on afforestation investment covering five hundred thousand hectares (A/R CDM / industrial afforestation) signed between Korea and Indonesia, the two countries concluded in 2009 an additional MOU covering two hundred thousand hectares for biomass afforestation, thus securing a total afforestation area of seven hundred thousand hectares. Further it was guaranteed that afforestation license would have validity for maximum 95 years, which laid the foundation for long-term stable investments for afforestation projects. Forest law of Indonesia consists of Presidential decree and Governmental decree as superior regulations and Minister's decree as subordinate regulations, being made up of total 17 chapters. Forestry Minister's decree was amended at end of last year, as regards license for exploitation of timber and forestry products in afforestation area. In the past, such license to develop and use timber and forestry products had been granted under Forestry Minister's decree No. P 11 / Menhut-II / 2008. After the amendment in 2010, however, the ground was shifted to Forestry Minister's decree No. P 50 / Menhut-II / 2010, trimming the procedure to obtain afforestation license into a little simplified one.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.2113-2119
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• 2010

In this paper, the cooperative curriculum between university and company according to the 'Type of IT Business(TIB)' is proposed for an IT manpower cultivation. The cooperative curriculum is established by the core technology from the matching table between 'Type of IT Business(TIB)' and 'Class of IT Techniques(CIT)'. The company participated in the cooperative curriculum gives a guarantee of the job position to the university students who took this cooperative curriculum. For the cooperative curriculum, the agreement is needed between university and company for the establishment and its operation of UCCCC(University and Company Cooperative Curriculum Council) after an exchange of the Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) including the supply-demand of IT manpower, the core technology, and the job conditions. The cooperative curriculum will be useful for employments of small and medium sized companies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2024

This study aims to propose operational directions for establishing Support Centers for Childcare (SCC) as central institutions in local communities by examining the performance status of community-linked projects of SCC. To achieve this, an analysis of performance related to community-linked projects was conducted focusing on SCC activity reports from 2018 to 2022, encompassing the past five years. Upon examination of the analysis results, several findings emerged. Firstly, there was a substantial number of achievements with non-profit organizations and public institutions as the types of institutions involved in the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), with a predominant focus on educational and informational support within the MOU contents. Secondly, collaboration among institutions within the local community primarily centered around education and administrative support, with a significant portion of support activities being conducted through meetings. Thirdly, individual volunteer contributions were prevalent in events and administrative support, while volunteer efforts were notable in areas such as cleaning toys. Based on these findings, recommendations for community-linked projects of SCC were derived.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.3_1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2014

It has been shown that the lack of sufficient defense industry cooperation between Korea and the US. The severe imbalance in defense trade between tow countries and Korea's weak defense industrial base has been a problem. This paper suggests the enhancement of defense industry cooperation with the US as a defense policy. The US policy has been changed to utilize the globalization of defense industries. The following cases were analyzed to show the policy change; The security of supply arrangement with 6 countries, the defense cooperation treaty with the United Kingdom and Australia. the defense Memorandum of Understanding with 23 countries, and the international cooperation with 8 countries for F-35 JSF program. Korea government needs to sign a defense MOU with U.S. and the defense industries are recommended to increase the opportunities of weapon system co-development and co-production. So that the Korea defense industry may improve competitiveness and to overcome the current weaknesses.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.623-630
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• 2023

Recently, a hydrogen charging station-related memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed between Korea Transport Institute and United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Transport in Abu Dhabi, creating a foundation for exporting green hydrogen charging stations and hydrogen powered public transit buses developed with Korean technology to Abu Dhabi. Reliable construction and operation of the charging stations require a thorough review on associated standards and legal requirements. In particular, it is essential to analyze currently effective standards related to hydrogen production, hydrogen vehicle charging, and hydrogen charging stations. This paper specifically focuses on comparative analysis of hydrogen-related standards in the UAE and the Republic of Korea. Similar to UAE, Korean hydrogen charging station-related standards follow International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. From real-life experiences in developing and operating charging stations, even more essence of ISO standards have been adopted in Korean standards than UAE. In particular, ISO standards related to fire prevention are additionally included in Korea. This paper also suggests procedural and administrative strategies for enabling application of Korean hydrogen charging station-related standards in UAE.