• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a multidisciplinary team approach program for stroke survivors, and to identify its effects on their rehabilitation. The team was composed of 7 members: a rehabilitation nurse, a physician, a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a therapeutic recreational therapist, a nutritionist, and a researcher. A quasi-experimental study was performed with 36 subjects: 18 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group, using a noneqivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group participated 4 times in rehabilitation programsfocused on information and emotional support provided by the rehabilation team-and received telephone counseling from the researcher. The control group did not receive any treatment. The selection criteria for the subjects in this study were: (a) patients who were diagnosed as having had an ischemic stroke within the last year, (b) patients free of any communication disorder, (c) and those having a primary caregiver who could assist in filling out the form assessing the level of ADL. The data were collected from patients who had been discharged from a tertiary hospital, between October 1st, 1999 and September 30th, 2000. The data were analysed by $X^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test using an SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. In terms of physical variables (blood pressure, grasp power, and ADL) 1) There was a significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups (systolic pressure P= .012, diastolic pressure P= .050). 2) There was also a significant difference in grasp power between the two groups (affected side : P= .012, unaffected side : P= .010). 3) There was no significant change in the level of ADL between the two groups. 2. In terms of psychosocial variables (depression, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social activities) 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups. However, all four psychosocial variables showed a tendency to improve in the experimental group, while only two variables (depression and self-efficacy) showed a simalar tendency in the control group. 2) The level of social activities in the control group decreased significantly after a month (P= .050). 3. The level of life satisfaction improved in both groups, but no significant difference was found. Stroke has high recurrence rate and requires considerable follow-up care. The program used in this study was developed and designed for stimulting the rehabilitation process of stroke survivors. Through the program period of one month (meetings were held weekly), a positive effect was detected in physical variables, although the psychosocial variables did not improve significantly. In retrospect, a one month period may not be an adequate length of time to improve the psychosocial variables, as the stroke survivors were complicated cases, and most of them were elderly. Further research is therefore recommended by increasing the length of program, so that its effect can be more noticeable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.409-420
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• 1996

Consumer's perceptions of the qualities of food and food-related services were surveyed through questionnaires by 672 adults randomly selected from 20 industrial foodservice in Pusan and Kyeung Nam area. The results are as follows: 1) By age, the elderly group gaved the highest mean score not only for freshness and temperature among the food characteristics but also for cleanliness of dishes and materials of dishes among the food-related service. 2) By occupation, the white collar worker group gaved the highest mean score in all characteristics of food and food-related service than did the blue collar worker group. Especially for courtesy of employees, the mean rating given by the white collar worker group was 3.15/5.00, but by the blue collar worker group was 2.67/5.00. 3) Good appetitive group rated taste of food 3.15/5.00, quality of food vs. food price 3.17/5.00, and freshness 3.15/5.00. But poor appetitive group rated taste of food 2.44/5.00, quality of food vs. food price 2.65/5.00, and freshness 2.70/5.00. 4) Men agreed that the rice and soup were right in amount. And women responded that the rice was in a large amount and the soup was not enough. 5) The white collar worker group agreed that the rice, the soup, the side dish, and the kimchi were right in amount. However the blue collar worker group agreed that the rice was right in amount, the soup and the side dish were not enough, and the kimchi was in a large amount. For seasoning of food, the white collar worker group responded that the salty taste and the hotness were just right. But the blue collar worker group responded that the food was neither salty nor hot at all. 6) The taste of food was shown to be positively correlated (p<0.001) with various food item combinations, freshness of food, and the variety of cooking methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.121-123
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• 2002

The design of an air seat cushion for preventing decubitus ulcer includes many design factors such as the even distribution of interface pressure, the minimization of mean and peak interface pressure values, and the reduction of interface shear force and pressure gradient. It involves the anatomic condition of plegia's buttock as well as air pressure in air cells of cushion. As a result, a suitable design of the cushion satisfying the all requirements is a difficult problem. Therefore, an appropriate and effective numerical tool to develop an air cushion orthosis is required. The purpose of the present study was to develop an air seat cushion orthosis having optimized air cells for evenly distributed interface pressure between the buttock and cushion surface. For the purpose, an advanced finite element (FE) model for the design of air cushion was developed. Since the interface pressure and shear force behavior, as well as stress analyses were primary concern, a FE air cell model was developed and verified by the experiments. Then, the interactions of two cells were checked. Also, the human part of the developed numerical model includes every material property and geometry related to buttock and femoral parts. For construction of dimension data of buttock and femoral parts, CT scans were performed. A commercial FE program was employed for the simulation representing the seating process on the orthosis. Then, sensitive analyses were performed with varying design parameters. A set of optimal design parameters was found satisfying the design criteria of the orthosis. The results were utilized to produce a prototype of the orthosis. Experimentally, the buttock interface pressure distributions from the optimized and previous ones were compared. The new seat orthosis showed a significantly improved interface pressure characteristics compared to the most popular one in the market. The new orthosis will be used for the development of the AI(artificial intelligent) controlled seat orthosis fur prevention of decubitus ulcer fur various plegic patients and the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.3 s.110
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• pp.31-42
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• 2005

Much has been made of the changes over time to apartment complexes during the era of rapid development in Korea. This study aimed at analyzing the chronological changes since the 1970s in the laws and regulations governing outdoor space and the residents' appreciation of outdoor space in Daejeon's apartment complexes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Similar changes can be found throughout Daejeon's apartment complexes. As time has passed, the building-to-land ratio and the floor-to-land ratio have deceased. The high density trend of apartment complexes has continued until very recently. 2. Although residents' satisfaction with outdoor space around apartments has improved, land for athletic and commercial spaces still remains at its lowest level. Therefore, these kinds of spaces need improvement. 3. Comparing the characteristics of outdoor space in apartment complexes from the 1980s to present indicates that current apartment residents are much more satisfied with the outdoor space, but are conscious of the lack of adequate facilities for the elderly and the handicapped people, and of the hiか density of their apartment complexes. Therefore, these essential consciousness should also be further improved. 4. The residents are gradually becoming aware of changes to the outdoor space that have occurred over time in the apartment complexes, such as in the areas allowed to parking, pedestrians, and athletics. 5. These chronological changes relate to the residents' interest in the changes that have occurred to the outdoor space, especially the convenience of parking, the color of the buildings, the form of the buildings, and the shape of the roofs.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.229-253
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• 2021

The service strategy of the public library needs to be established based on the users who are the actual beneficiaries of the services, including the perspective of changes in the social environment. This study investigated and analyzed the users' perceptions of the library functions and services currently provided and the demand for future services, targeting public library users in the Busan area. The data were collected through a questionnaire, and the respondents were 733 public library users in Busan. The main result is that first, the role and function of the public library that Busan users consider most important was still in material collection and provision. Second, in the information service type, the demand for cultural/lifelong learning program service was the highest, and in the service program, the demand for new IT technology experience and education was the highest. Third, as a result of ISA analysis of information service type, material provision service and information literacy education service were types to be maintained, and reading related service was type to be managed intensively. Fourth, in the analysis of service demand by age, those aged 41 to 50 years old were the generation with the highest demand in all types except for the information literacy education service type, and the demand for information literacy education was the highest among the elderly generation over 61 years old. And the user group in the western part of Busan was higher than the user group in other regions in demand for almost all service types. The results of this study can be used as basic data when establishing strategies to optimize community public library services for users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.127-139
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• 2007

This research was peformed to investigate the anthropometric data, blood profiles, and nutrient intakes of elderly persons living in a rural area. The subjects were 67 undernourished people who participated in follow-up nutrition intervention programs for9 weeks. Anthropometric data showed that the mean heights and weights in the management group were 157.6 cm and 59.1 kg, respectively, for the males and 152.6 cm and 51.0 kg, respectively, for the females. The mean BMIs of the management group were 23.8 kg/m$^2$ in the males and 22.4 kg/m$^2$ in the females. The total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and albumin levels of the subjects were 181.7-191.4mg/dL, 48.3-53.0mg/dL, and 3.85-4.00g/dL, respectively. Energy, ash, P, Na, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, vitamin B$_6$, and niacin increased significantly after intervention for the management group. The mINQ, however, did not significantly increase after intervention. Also after intervention, there was no significant difference in mINQ between the management group and the comparison group. MAR (14) in the management group was significantly increased from 0.62${\pm}$0.2 before intervention to 0.68${\pm}$0.2 after intervention (p=0.022), and it was significantly different between the management group and the comparison group (p=0.017). MAR (8) in the management group was not significantly different (p=0.915) before and after intervention. However, MAR (8) between the management group and the comparison group did show a significant difference (p=0.031). MAR (3) in the management group was significantly increased from 0.48${\pm}$0.2 before intervention to 0.55${\pm}$0.2 after intervention (p=0.045), however, MAR (3) was not significantly different between the management group and the comparison group (p=0.093). For the probability of nutrient insufficiency, in the management group the probability of nutrient values below the EAR (except for Fe) decreased after intervention compared to before intervention. On the other hand, the probabilities of values above the RI, or EAR${\sim}$RI, were increased

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.217-225
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• 2010

Today's public libraries in communities are on the processes of changes to integrate information and communication technology into traditional library system in order to support current users' demands for the new digital era. The purpose of this study is to examine the changing characters on space design and space uses of community based public libraries by conducting case studies of three branch libraries which were built after 2004 in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. As the conclusion of this research, the findings of the case studies are utilized as basic data for planning and design guidelines for public libraries as community resources. The study summarizes the characteristics of space design and space uses in public libraries as follow; first, the floor plans of small-scale public libraries are open visually as well as spatially. The space organization of the libraries is arranged by potential noise levels, as placing noisy spaces near the entrance halls and quiet spaces at the back. Main book shelves are located in the middle of the library buildings, while seats are arranged along the window sides. By placing various kinds of furniture in open reading areas, library users can select different types of seats and tables for their comforts. Second. the survey of observation also finds that a large number of users often use library computers and personal computers to connect the internet at the libraries. These personal computer users who are new user group in community based libraries preferred to sit in casual study areas and individual tables with one or two seats only. Third, the libraries, in addition, develop and provide various programs and events for people in communities. Especially, the programs for children, the elderly and new comers from the abroad are well prepared, thus provide opportunities for them to visit the libraries in regular bases. The survey finds that family entertainment and leisure activities are the important parts of the program as well as renting music CD and movie DVD are also important reasons for people to come. Thus, the libraries prepare high quality children's space and CD shelves near the entrance hall.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.80-95
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of low birth-weight infants and their's mothers, and to identify the factors which influenced to delivery of L.B.W infants. The data derived from K. General Hospital and J. obs & gyn clinic in pusan from January, 1998 to August, 1998, which were from mothers of having B. W infants. The factors used for this study were characteristics of general, obstetrical, environmental aspects and physical and psychological life experiences during pregnancy. Analysis of data obtained were computerized statistically by using SPSS 7.5 WIN program. the data were analysed as number, frequency, percentage, t-test and ANOVA. The major results obtained of this study were as follows : 1) Gender that L.B.W infants were male in 47.2% and female in 52.8%, body weight of 2001~2500gm was above 8 in 68.5%, and below 5 in 1.8%. The L.B.W infants with complications were 7, which were 6.5%. The kinds of malformations were the Cleft palate & lip, Hyper-kalemia, Hypoglycemia, Meningocele, CHD, Down syndrome and each of them marked 0.9%. 2) In the general characteristics of pregnant women, the age group of 25~29 years was the most common as 46.3%. Over 35 years of age, elderly gravidas were in 7.5%. the height of 156~160cm was the most common as 52.8%. pregnant women of below 150cm height was in 3.7%. body weight of 51~55kg was the most common as 38%. pregnant women of below 45kg were in 19.4%. The women with smoking and drinking episodes during pregnancy were 1.9% and 25%. In the status of marriage, married women were in 95.4%, unmarried ones were in 1.9%, and unmarried couples were in 2.8%. Iin he obstetrical characteristics of pregnant women, pregnant women with gestational age under 37wks were in 45.4%, and the ones over 38wks were 54.6%. At the methods of delivery, normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries were in 51.9%, which were the most common, cesarian section deliveries were in 47.2%, and breech deliveries were in 0.9%. In the environmental characteristics of pregnant women, 40.8% of pregnant women lived in house or apartments with stairs, 23.1% of them lived in the high altitude. the pregnant women who ran a household without a helper were in 65.7%. In the pregnant women who had underwent life experiences of physical and psychological stress during pregnancy. life experiences of physical stresses were described as persistent fatigue due to lifestyle, traumatic experience, illness, move away with an effort, physical impact caused by discord. life experiments of psychological stresses were describeded as trouble with their husbands, discord with one's husband family, family problems, and conflicts due to environmental factors, etc. The number of the pregnant women who had complications during pregnancy was 32, which was 29.6% totally. Among them, pre-eclampsia was in 12.1% and the premature rupture of membrane in 7.4%. 3) In the analysis of the general, obstetrical, and circumstantial characteristics and L.B.W infants. There were statistical difference significantly between the gestational age of pregnant women(F=12.035, P=.000), and the status of marriage(F=3.207, P=.044), and maternal complication(t=2.344, P=.021) etc.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.671-683
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health knowledge and actual oral health care of the selected subjects, their decision making about prosthetic treatment, the state and characteristics of their prosthetic treatment and their satisfaction with prosthetic treatment in an attempt to provide some information on the improvement of the quality of life related to oral health and the promotion of oral health. Methods : The subjects in this study were 250 people who received education in two different lifelong education institutions in the city of Busan. After a survey was conducted from May 23 to June 15, 2011, the answer sheets from 217 respondents were analyzed. Results : 1. As for the general characteristics of the respondents, the men(52.1%) outnumbered the women. Those who were in their 60 and up(47.5%) made up the largest age group, and the married people(65.4%) outnumbered the unmarried ones. By occupation, the company employees(20.3%) made up the biggest group. By education, the greatest group was high-school graduates(36.1%). By monthly mean income, the biggest group gained an income of 2.01 million won or more(36.9%). As to medical security, community-based insurance was most prevailing (36.9%). In terms of health promotion, the largest group worked out to stay fit(52.4%). 2. Regarding oral health knowledge, they had a good knowledge about the cause of dental caries(56.7%), but they weren't well aware of the right time for regular dental checkup(47.9%). In relation to oral health care, regular scaling wasn't prevailing(16.9%). 3. Regarding connections between the general characteristics and satisfaction with prosthesis, the less-educated respondents expressed significantly more dissatisfaction(p=0.015). By monthly mean income, those who had a smaller income were dissatisfied in general(p=0.028). Conclusions : The findings of the study illustrated that it's required to spread awareness of the importance of oral health among people in general, and that differentiated incremental oral health care should be provided for different age groups. In order to raise the satisfaction of patients with prosthesis, how to relieve their pain and anxiety and how to adjust prosthetic treatment cost properly should carefully be considered. In addition, the government should take measures to offer assistance for the low-income classes in preparation for an increase in the elderly population.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.599-616
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• 2020

The South Korean government has introduced a new Customized Care Service for Older Adults by eliminating the six existing care services for them since 2020. It is a significant change of care service system for older adults and the service would play a key role in providing preventive services for them. The aim of the study is to examine the meaning and tasks of the introduction of the Customized Care Services for Older Adults in South Korea by using the framework of Gilbert and Terrell. The study found that the new service was designed under the government's policy contexts of the establishments of public-based social service providers and the emphasis of community care, and it has brought about a number of significant institutional changes of care system in terms of allocation, benefits, delivery, and finance. The institutional coverage of the service was increased to lower 70% of older adults and a large number of kinds of health and social care services would be provided for them. The sphere of living was set in each local area and the new service providers are entirely in charge of providing the services in each sphere. The financing system was changed to support service providers by providing government subsidies. Although a number of positive results would be expected to occur for the elderly, it is likely that some challenging tasks would happen in the fields as follows: the inadequate coverage, the vagueness of the application of self-care principle and the decrease in the amounts of direct care services, the inappropriate area of service provision, and the supplier-oriented provision of services rather than user-oriented.