• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of dementia in elderly individuals worldwide. Increased deposition of insoluble amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils in the brain is thought be a key neuropathological hallmark of AD. Many recent studies show that natural products such as polyphenolic flavonoids inhibit the formation of insoluble Aβ fibrils and/or destabilize β-sheet-rich Aβ fibrils to form non-cytotoxic aggregates. In the present study, we explored the structure-activity relationship of naturally-occurring biflavonoids on Aβ amyloidogenesis utilizing an in vitro thioflavin T assay with Aβ1-42 peptide which is prone to aggregate more rapidly to fibrils than Aβ1-40 peptide. Among the biflavonoids we tested, we found amentoflavone revealed the most potent effects on inhibiting Aβ1-42 fibrillization (IC₅₀: 0.26 µM), as well as on disassembling preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils (EC₅₀: 0.59 µM). Our structure-activity relationship study suggests that the hydroxyl groups of biflavonoid compounds play an essential role in their molecular interaction with the dynamic process of Aβ1-42 fibrillization. Our atomic force microscopic imaging analysis demonstrates that amentoflavone directly disrupts the fibrillar structure of preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils, resulting in conversion of those fibrils to amorphous Aβ1-42 aggregates. These results indicate that amentoflavone affords the most potent anti-amyloidogenic effects on both inhibition of Aβ1-42 fibrillization and disaggregation of preformed mature Aβ1-42 fibrils.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2017

Background: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has dramatically changed the management of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) as the number of open aneurysm repairs have declined over time. This report compares AAA-related demographics, operative data, complications, and mortality after treatment by open aneurysm repair or EVAR. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 136 patients with AAAs who were treated over an 8-year time period with open aneurysm repair or EVAR. Results: The mean age of the EVAR group was higher than that of the open repair group (p=0.001), and hospital mortality did not differ significantly between groups (p=0.360). However, overall survival was significantly lower in the EVAR group (p=0.033). Conclusion: Although EVAR is the primary treatment modality for elderly patients, it would be ideal to set slightly more stringent criteria within the anatomical guidelines contained in the instructions for use of the EVAR device when treating younger patients.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2016

This study explored the characteristics, housing deficits and expectations for support programs of low-income renter households in housing poverty in order to provide housing policy development and improvement information. Microdata of the 2014 Korea Housing Survey was utilized as secondary data for this study. A total of 2,508,672 low-income renter households (weighted count) in the bottom 40% income ranks of entire general households living in private rental units were selected as study subjects. The major findings were as follows. (1) One point four percent of the subjects were living in non-house living quarters (e.g., shanties, vinyl greenhouses, container houses, and mud huts), 1.4% were in dosshouses, 9.9% were in basements, semi-basements or rooftop units, and 8.2% were in sub-standard units. (2) Among the households whose housing costs burdens were measurable, 75.7% were found to have housing cost burdens to pay 30% or more of their household income towards housing costs (rental costs and maintenance costs), but only 7.5% of the burdened households received a housing voucher. (3) Eighty-one percent were found to be in a housing poverty status as defined by the researcher; in addition, low-income renter households in housing poverty in Seoul tended to have a greater proportion of households headed by females, the elderly, and be persons with low-education or disabilities. (4) Households in housing poverty showed greater expectations for financial support and/or extended provisions of public rental housing than other low-income renter households.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1994

In order to estimate the utilization pattern of a rural health subcenter, and to identify the recognition for it among the inhabitants in Kogsung district, a questionnaire survey was carried out for objects of 708 population. The results observed were as follows; 1. The annual utilization rate of a rural health subcenter for a basic health service unit was 27.5 per 100 persons, and annual mean visiting times was 1.43 times. 2. The most frequent disease by, annual health subcenter utilization illness was respiratory disease(26.5%), and the next was musculoskeletal disease(23.9%), gastrointestinal disease(15.9%) by order. 3. Favorite reasons for community health subcenter utilization were lower medical cost(23.4%), near distance from living place(20.7%) and lower disease severity(19.5%) by order. But disfavorite reasons for it were non effective treatment(26.2%), insufficient equipment(25.4%) and absence of specialist(17.4%) by order. 4. Insufficient items about community health subcenter utilization were restriction of treatment limit(47.1%), lower reliance(22.4%) and not punctral(21.8%) by order. 5. The results of logistic regression analysis suggested that statistically significant factors in health subcenter utilization were age, educational level and the nearest medical facility class. 6. There was no difference between recognition for a community health subcenter's work and actual utilizing service, and desirable works for it were disease preventing service, disease control of elderly and sanitation control by order. These results suggested that to increase the utilization of rural health subcenter and to promote the accessibility of rural residents to primary health care, there must be considered public relation about health subcenter, expansion of health equipment and recognition about access time.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease of a cranial nerve and has a main symptoms of irregular movement of muscle, stiffening, trembling which occurred by about 1% of population in the age of over 65. Moreover, the and prevalence rate and attack rate are soaring according to increase of elderly population. However, allopathy and surgery were done through dopamine and anticholinergic medicine for treatment but it developed a lot of complications due to medicine and progress since it makes slow progress or can't stop the treatment. Hereupon, I report that there is a case on one of the patients Young Jin Oriental Medical Clinic. The patient who is in state of treatment termination who doesn't need any further remedy and no worsening of symptoms after conduction of therapies of dialectic and 5 upright life cure regulations. 5 upright life cure regulations means five practive way for improvement of nature healing power. Upon undertaking the 5 upright life cure regulations, there were found significant results in such tests as Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn & Yahr Staging Scale, and Activity of Daily Living (ADL), and the ingestion of Benztropine 1mg and Requip 0.25mg was decreased from 3 times to 0 times. The study offers objective clinical data on Oriental Medicine treatment for Parkinson's disease which is one of representative neuro-degenerative diseases and thus broadens the application range of Oriental Medical treatment and presents the fundamental data on the clinical research on Parkinson's disease by adopting evidence-based medicine (EBM).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.300-308
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of reduction mammaplasty is breast with natural cone shape, minimizing scars, well-placed and sensate nipple-areolar area and maintaining breast physiology. In order to satisfy that goal, variable reduction mammaplasty methods are performed, however, two methods such as vertical reduction method and inverted T-scar method are currently most used. We compared indications and advantages of the two methods and set up useful guidlines. Methods: For 15 years from 1995 to 2010, we experienced 84 patients (162 breasts). We performed vertical reduction method as Lejour's superior pedicle technique (45 patients) and inverted T-scar method as Goldwyn's inferior dermal flap technique (39 patients). We evaluated the result of the operation comparing patient's age, amount of resected tissue, complications and post-operative scars of the two methods. Results: The mean age was 36 years and the vertical reduction group was 3 years younger than inverted T-scar group. The mean breast tissue resection amount per one breast, inverted T-scar group (712 gm) was lagger than vertical reduction group (395 gm). Conclusion: There is no ideal method for reduction mammaplasty until now. However, we suggest that guide line, the vertical reduction method is effective for minimal and moderate macromastia in young and middle aged women and inverted T-scar method is appropriate for severe macromastia with ptosis in elderly women. Recently, all procedures tried shorter and smaller scar on the vertical line as small I, J or L shape scar, and inframammary fold as short inverted T-scar.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2013

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent and is an increasing public health problem across Asia. The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of GR extract and therapeutic effect of GR extract against S. suis infection in mice. At the concentration of GR extract 2.5 mg/ml, the antibacterial effect was not shown on S. suis. However, the antibacterial effect against S. suis was observed at the concentration of GR extract 5.0 mg/ml. Oral administration of GR extract at the dose of 10 mg/kg showed a therapeutic effect for S. suis infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of GR extract-treated mice at the concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg was 80%, 70%, and 50% at 12 days, respectively, while that of untreated mice was 100% at 8 days after a lethal dose of S. suis infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that GR extract has potential as an effective for S. suis infection in mice.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.475-486
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• 2007

Objectives : Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the socioeconomic factors that influence which position an individual or group of people will hold within the structure of a society. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of various indicators of SEP, including education level, occupation-based SEP, income and wealth, area SEP, life-course SEP, and SEP indicators for women, elderly and youth. Methods and results : This report provides a brief theoretical background and discusses the measurement, interpretation issues, advantages and limitations associated with the use of each SEP indicator. We also describe some problems that arise when selecting SEP indicators and highlight the indicators that appear to be appropriate for health inequality research. Some practical information for use in health inequality research in South Korea is also presented. Conclusions : Investigation into the associations between various SEP indicators and health outcomes can provide a more complete understanding of mechanisms between SEP and health. The relationship between specific SEP indicators and specific health outcomes can vary by country due to the differences in the historical, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts of the SEP indicators.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2018

Korea Institute for Family Planning (KIFP) was established on July 1, 1971 (Law 2270) and Korea Health Development Institute (KHDI) was established on April 19, 1976 (Law 2857). Korea Institute for Population and Health (KIPH) was formed through the merger of KIFP and KHDI (Act 3417) on July 1, 1981. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA), the former KIPH, was renamed KIHASA on December 30, 1989 (Law 4181) with its additional function of research in social security. It was transferred on January 29, 1999 to the Office of State Affairs Coordination pursuant to the Law on the Establishment, Operation and Promotion of State-Sponsored Organizations (Law 5733). Annually it conducts approximately 50 short- and long-term research projects to accumulate a wide range of research experience. Also it studies and evaluates the primary issues of national health services, health and medical industries, social insurance, social security, family welfare, and population. it conducts joint research projects and active information exchange programs with related domestic and international organizations through seminars and conferences. It executes specific research and development projects according to the government's requests. it educates and trains people domestically and abroad by disseminating a wide-range of information on health and social affairs. it conducts national household surveys on areas of fertility, health and medical care of the disabled, the elderly, and low-income earners. The mid- and long-term research goals of KIHASA should be established and managed systematically. A new organization such as 'Center for Policy Evaluation' is needed to enhance research abilities and experiences. Able research personnels should be recruited and current researchers should try to develop their abilities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2010

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in ginseng, the residues of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in samples on the Yeungju and Sangju are surveyed. Cd and Hg in ginseng on Yeungju and Sangju is not detected. 0.21 mg/kg of As, 0.39 mg/kg of Cr, 0.14 mg/kg of Pb, 1.83 mg/kg of Cu, 3.93 mg/kg of Zn and 0.43 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Sangju are shown. 0.25 mg/kg of Cr, 0.08 mg/kg of Pb, 1.11 mg/kg of Cu, 8.99 mg/kg of Zn and 1.15 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Yeungju are detected. As and Pb in ginseng on Sangju are 7.0% and 2.8% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level, respectively. Pb in ginseng on Yeongju are 1.6% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level. The heavy metals such as AS, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are range of 0-20% for with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) level. BHC isomer, DDT isomer and endosulfan isomer are not detected in ginseng and soil on Yeongju and Sangju, respectively. Finally, the assessment of hazardous materials of the heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in ginseng on the Youngju and Sangju are verified the safety the level compare with tolerances level for Korea.