• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.213-218
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• 2005

Phellinus linteus (PL), one of the immune-regulatory substances, is recognized to play the role in the metabolic process on inflammation and immunity. It has been traditionally used in the oriental medicine to treat inflammatory related disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of PL on the mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes immune function in the ICR male mice. Control mice received vehicle only. The PL treated mice were administered the respective extract by oral gavages for 4 weeks. IgE concentrations in serum and MLN lymphocytes were significantly lower in PL treated mice than in control mice. PL increased the proportion of $CD4^+\;and\;CD8^+$ T cells in MLN lymphocytes. PL significantly decreased Th2 cytokine concentrations and mRNA expression levels in cytokine secretions. Therefore, water extracts of PL modulate inflammatory parameters through regulation of immunoglobulin production resulting from decreased Th2 cytokine secretion and mRNA expression levels and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and mRNA expression in MLN lymphocytes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1904-1907
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to develop a new fermentation method in order to improve the digestion of soybean protein, and to promote normal fermentation of soybean. A proximate composition, such as moisture, pH, and reducing sugar, of fermented soybeans by the new fermentation was similar to those of controls. Neutral protease activity, the most important factor for fermented soybean products, was the highest, having about 636 Dig at 54 h fermentation. The content of total free amino acid was almost 3-18 times higher than controls. The three-step fermented soybeans can be used as a functional food ingredient for human consumption, with higher protein digestibility.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 1997

The term of apoptosis, programmed cell death, was firstly coined to distinguish with necrosis, pathologic cell death, by Kerr in 1972. Although various pathogenic factors are able to occur apoptosis, ti is essential process for normal development and physiology in the animals. Recently in the field of medicine, apoptosis researeh is especially focused in serveral Kind of pathopoiesis problems including cancer, immunodeficiency associated HIV and other virus, autommunity, alzheimer and congenital anormality. The information obtained from the animal model system for apoptosis should be directly applicable to both life science for understanding of development and medicine for practical the rapy. To know the common mechanism of apoptosis, it is prerequisite that the genes and factors responsible for apoptosis should be defined and characterized on the molecular level. The study of apoptosis should contribute largely to biology inculuding cell physiology and development, and both basic and clinical medicine to understand cause of diseases for therapy as well as congenital defect.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2013

Objectives: Modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX) has stronger anti-cancer activity-possessing gensenoside profiles. Methods: To investigate changes in gene expression in the MRGX-treated lung cancer cells (A549), we examined genomic data with cDNA microarray results. After completing the gene-ontology-based analysis, we grouped the genes into up-and down-regulated profiles and into ontology-related regulated genes and proteins through their interaction network. Results: One hundred nine proteins that were up- and down-regulated by MRGX were queried by using IPA. IL8, MMP7 and PLAUR and were found to play a major role in the anti-cancer activity in MRGX-treated lung cancer cells. These results were validated using a Western blot analysis and a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Conclusions: Most MRGX-responsive genes are up-regulated transiently in A549 cells, but down-regulated in a sustained manner in lung cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 2019

Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus parauberis is a very important disease in farmed olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. For most fish pathogens, including S. parauberis, there are no analytical criteria to distinguish antibioticsusceptible strains from antibiotic-resistant strains. In this study, epidemiological cut-off ($CO_{WT}$) values were generated to classify 75 strains of S. parauberis isolated from 1999 to 2018 as wild type (WT) and non-wild type (NWT) using disc diffusion data and normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) analysis. The susceptibility of the isolates to 16 antibiotics was evaluated using CLSI guideline M42-A. The wild-type cut-off values for amoxicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and florfenicol for S. parauberis were ${\geq}35$, 31, 28, and 27 mm, respectively. The NWT ratios of S. parauberis strains to treatment with GEN, FFC, ENR, SXT, EFT, VAN, and CHL were 17% or less, indicating that these antibiotics may be used to treat streptococcosis caused by S. parauberis. For recent S. parauberis isolates, the NWT ratios for AMX, ERY, OTC and FFC are much higher than for strains isolated from 1999-2007. The $CO_{WT}$ data from this study will assist aquatic animal disease professionals in prescribing appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of streptococcosis caused by S. parauberis, which will help reduce the misuse and abuse of antibiotics in the aquaculture sector.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2006

The fractions of Capsosiphon fulvescens were studied to verify the anticancer and immunostimulating activity. The fractions from the ethanol extract of C. fulvescens were prepared by the systematic extraction procedure with the solvents such as hexane, ethyl ether, methanol, butanol and H$_2$O. The cytotoxic effects of C. fulvescens fractions against human leukemia cell line U937, mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NB41A3), human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)and rat glioma cell line (C6) were investigated. Ethyl ether fraction of C. fulvescens showed the highest cytotoxicity against all four cell lines tested. In addition, H$_2$O fraction also showed relatively high cytotoxicity. Dose dependent patterns were observed on all four cell lines. The immune-stimulating effects of C. fulvescens fractions on rat macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were also investigated. All five fractions of C. fulvescens extract stimulated NO production with concentration dependant manner. These results suggest that C. fulvescens may be a useful candidate for a natural antitumor and immune-stimulating agent.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.6
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• 2016

Although soft tunic syndrome (STS) in the ascidian is a serious disease, helpful measures have yet not been established. It was examined in this study by applying aniti-parasitic drugs to eradicate the causative protozoa Azumiobodo hoyamushi from infected ascidians. Formalin was synergistic in killing parasites in vitro when co-treated with hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) or bronopol, but not with chloramine-T or povidone-iodine (PVP-I), when tested with in vitro parasite culture. The synergistic effects did not change when $formalin-H_2O_2$ (or bronopol) ratios were changed. It was found that treatment periods less than 60 min achieved a sub-maximal efficacy. Increasing drug concentration while keeping 30 min period improved anti-parasitic effects. Anti-parasitic effects of $formalin(F)+H_2O_2$(H) were also assessed in an in vivo STS model infected with cultured parasites. It was observed that combined 50 (40F + 10H) and 100 (80F +20H) ppm were effective in partially preventing STS-caused mortality. In horizontally transmitted artificial STS model, significant prevention of ascidian mortality was also observed after 50 ppm. Marked reduction of living parasites were noted after drug treatments in vivo. The results provide a highly useful basis to develop a preventive or treatment measure against the currently uncontrollable STS in the ascidian.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.100033.1-100033.13
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• 2024

Considering the recent increase in the number of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases in South Korea, we aimed to clarify the molecular characteristics of CRC unique to the Korean population. To gain insights into the complexities of CRC and promote the exchange of critical data, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms that drive the development and progression of CRC; this analysis is critical for developing effective treatment strategies. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis of CRC and adjacent normal tissue samples from 214 Korean participants (comprising a total of 381 including 169 normal and 212 tumor samples) to investigate differential gene expression between the groups. We identified 19,575 genes expressed in CRC and normal tissues, with 3,830 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups. Functional annotation analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to the cell cycle, DNA replication, and IL-17, whereas the downregulated DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways. We also analyzed the relationship between clinical information and subtypes using the Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification. Furthermore, we compared groups clustered within our dataset to CMS groups and performed additional analysis of the methylation data between DEGs and CMS groups to provide comprehensive biological insights from various perspectives. Our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC in Korean patients and serves as a platform for identifying potential target genes for this disease. The raw data and processed results have been deposited in a public repository for further analysis and exploration.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-197
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to know the attitude and beliefs of physical therapists (PTs) and students (Ss) who major in physical therapy about the system of physical therapy specialists in Korea. Methods : Data were collected from 74 clinical