• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.273-314
• /
• 2004

There is a belief in the construction industry that the traditional court system may not be an ideal forum to effectively and efficiently resolve construction disputes due to the protracted proceedings and the three tier appeal system resulting in a long delay in the final and conclusive settlement of the dispute, relatively high costs involved, the lack of requisite knowledge and experience in the relevant industry, etc. Hence, they assert that certain alternative dispute resolution ('ADR') methods, such as mediation, conciliation, arbitration or a new system for dispute settlement in the form of any combination thereof should be developed and employed for construction disputes so as to resolve them more promptly and efficiently to the satisfaction of all the disputants concerned. This paper discusses certain merits of such assertions and the need for additional considerations for effective resolution of the construction disputes in light of the complexity of the case, importance of expert witnesses, parties' relationship and non-level playing field of the construction industry and so on. At the same time, however, given the inherent nature of disputes rendering the parties involved in an adversarial position, it would rather be difficult, if not practically impossible, to satisfy all the parties concerned in the dispute. Accordingly, in this study, it is also purported to address the demerits of such assertions by studying the situation from a more balanced perspective, in particular, in relation to the operation of such ADRs. In fact, most of such ADRs as stipulated by special acts, such as the Construction Industry Basic Act of Korea, in the form of mediation or conciliation, have failed to get support from the industry, and as a result, such ADRs are seldom used in practice. Tn contrast, the court system has been greatly improved by implementing a new concentrated review system and establishing several tribunals designed to specialize in the review and resolution of specific types of disputes, including the construction disputes. These improvements of the court system have been warmly received by the industry. Arbitration is another forum for settlement of construction disputes, which has grown and is expected to grow as the most effective ADR with the support from the construction industry. In this regard, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board ('KCAB') has established a set of internal rules end procedures in operation to efficiently handle construction disputes. Considering the foregoing, this paper addresses the most important elements of the arbitration, i.e., arbitration agreement and arbitral award, primarily focusing on the domestic arbitrations before the KCAB. However, since this parer is prepared for presentation at the construction disputes seminar for the public audience, it is not intended for academic purposes, nor does it delve into any specific acadcmic issues. Likewise, although this paper addresses certain controversial issues by way of introduction, it mainly purports to facilitate the understanding of the general public, including the prospective arbitrators on the KCAB roster without the relevant legal education and background, concerning the importance of the integrity of the arbitration agreement and the arbitral award. In sum, what is purported in this study is simply to note that there are still many outstanding issues with mediation, conciliation and arbitration, as a matter of system, institutional operation or otherwise, for further study and consideration so as to enhance them as effective means for settlement of construction disputes, in replacement of or in conjunction with the court proceeding. For this purpose, it is essential for all the relevant parties, including lawyers, engineers, owners, contractors and social activists aiming to protect consumers' and subcontractors' interests, to conduct joint efforts to study the complicated nature of construction works and to develop effective means for examination and handling of the disputes of a technical nature, including the accumulation of the relevant industrial data. Based on the foregoing, the parties may be in a better position to select the appropriate dispute resolution mechanism, a court proceeding or in its stead, an effective ADR, considering the relevant factors of the subject construction works or the contract structure, such as the bargaining position of the parties, their financial status, confidentiality requirements, technical or commercial complexity of the case at hand, urgency for settlements, etc.

• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 국가기술자격 검정인 조경기사 필기과목 중 "조경사" 문제에 대해 이의 제기된 자료를 중심으로, 출제문제에 대한 논점 유형과 경향, 요인 등을 분석하여 잘못된 학술적 내용을 바로 잡는 과정에서 발생하는 사회적 순기능을 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 조경사 시험문제에서 출제되는 역사적 사실에 대해 검증할 수 있는 조경문화사 분야의 학문발전을 위한 대안을 찾는 것을 연구 목적에 두었으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문제가 제기된 조경사 과목의 진술내용을 분석한 결과 '조경 양식 및 형태의 개념 확립'과 '역사적 사실의 고증'이 조경역사학 분야의 발전을 위해 우선 정립되어야 하는 중요한 항목으로 조사되었다. 또한 조경역사 이론을 참고할 만한 고증자료의 부재를 보완하기 위한 해당 분야 전문가 그룹의 진정성을 확보하기 위한 사회적 합의를 필요로 한다. 둘째, 문제가 제기된 서술내용의 분석결과 총 5가지의 논점유형으로 구분이 가능하였으며, 미확립된 양식 및 형태의 정의에 의한 경우가 가장 많았으며(52.94%), 검증되지 않은 역사적 사실(25.13%), 불확실한 시대구분(11.77%), 사용된 용어의 구체성 결여(6.95%), 사건의 내용적 범위가 모호함(3.21%)의 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조경사 출제문항에 제기된 진술내용에서 비교분석하여 이론을 학습할 만한 정보가 부족할 뿐만 아니라, 참고서적간의 내용이 상이함이 문제제기의 주요 원인으로 분석되었다. 또한 조경사 문제에 제기된 논점의 특징과 사례를 살펴본 결과 사회적 현상과 관련되었으며, 문화적 요인과 정치적 요인으로 구분되었다. 넷째, 국가기술자격 검정인 조경기사의 조경사 종목에서 논점으로 인지된 내용의 해결과정에서 결정된 정보는 조경사 분야에 바로 활용이 가능하고, 논점의 유형과 특징을 파악함으로서 검증과정의 정확성을 향상시키는 긍정적인 결과로 해결되고 있었다.

• 법제연구
• /
• 제44호
• /
• pp.611-653
• /
• 2013

내부고발은 일정한 조직에 소속된 개인(근로자)이나 단체가 그 소속기업(조직)의 위법행위나 비리행위를 인지하고, 그러한 위법행위가 공공의 이익에 반하여 발생시킬 수 있는 위해를 방지하기 위하여 그것을 상급조직 내지 외부공공기관에 알리는 행위를 말한다. 이러한 내부고발은 기업의 부패행위를 방지함으로써 기업의 투명성과 책임성을 제고할 수 있는 단초(Ansatz)가 될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 기업윤리의 확립, 나아가 사회정의실현에 있어서도 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 인식되고 있다. 이러한 내부고발에 따른 노동법적 과제로서 주로 다루어지는 것은 회사의 위법한 행위, 또는 사회적 가치에 반하는 행위를 한 것을 외부에 공표하는 등의 내부고발을 이유로 회사의 명예와 신용 등 사회적 평가에 중대한 악영향을 미쳐 징계사유로 삼을 수 있는지 여부가 주로 논란이 되고 있으며 나아가 최근에는 내부고발에 이은 배치전환, 따돌림으로 인한 손해배상책임의 문제도 제기되고 있다. 내부고발을 이유로 한 징계의 정당성 판단과 관련한 판례의 기본적인 입장은 근로자가 사용자의 이익을 배려해야할 근로계약상의 성실의무를 지고 있으므로 근로자가 직장의 내부사실을 외부에 공표하여 사용자의 비밀, 명예, 신용 등을 훼손하는 것은 원칙적으로 징계사유가 되지만, 구체적인 경우에 있어서 그 해당여부 및 징계의 정도는 공표된 내용과 그 진위, 그 행위에 이르게 된 경위와 목적, 공표방법 등에 비추어 판단하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 즉 내부고발을 하는 자의 인격적 이익이나 표현의 자유 등과 조정할 필요가 있음을 전제로, 내부고발의 근간인 부분이 진실 혹은 내부고발자가 진실이라고 믿을만한 상당한 이유가 있는지, 내부고발의 목적이 공익성이 있는지, 내부고발의 내용 자체가 해당 조직에게 중요한 지, 내부고발의 수단 방법의 상당한 지 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 해당 내부고발이 정당하다고 인정될 경우에는 해당 조직이 신용 명예훼손 등을 이유로 행한 징계처분 및 해고를 하는 것은 허용되지 않는다고 볼 수 있다. 나아가 내부고발을 이유로 한 징계해고를 비롯하여 각종 불이익취급 등에 있어서 발생하는 쟁점을 해결함에 있어서는 지난 2011년에 제정된 공익신고자 보호법이 내부고발자를 보호하기 위한 일반법으로서의 지위를 가지므로, 동법 규정의 취지를 체계적으로 고려하여야 할 뿐 아니라 내부고발의 정당성과 관련한 판례법리도 함께 고려될 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제7권
• /
• pp.1-55
• /
• 1980

It has been observed that the purpose of education is poorly coordinated with the school library. Consequently a healthy growth of the library has been very rare, and educational process has been rather inefficient. Therefore this study attempts to define the role of a school library and the necessasity of its growth, examine principals' concepts of the library, find out the adverse causes for its growth, and make some suggestions to rectify them. A questionnaire was designed to get information on the principals' conceptions about the nature and the role of a school library, a librarian, and adverse causes for the growth of the library. This study is largely based on the analysis of this questionnaire. The results of this study may be summarized as. follows: 1) The school library is not generally considered as the center of educational activities. It is rather variously regarded as a subsidiary organization for education, a place where reading materials are offered, a place where books are kept, or a reading room. 2) This was largely due to the misconceptions of the principals as to the true nature and the role of the school library. 3) The degrees of their misconceptions varied depending on the amount of their exposure to the library science. Those principals who studied library science more hours had better understanding of the library. 4) Although the principals showed rather much concern for the library, the school library was not up to the expectation largely due to their misconception of it. 5) Most of the principals felt that they needed more knowledge on library science to carry out their job. This feeling was stronger for those who spent more hours in a library science course. 6) Most of the principals wanted to offer a position for a dual function: a librarian and a teacher. This was largely due to their lack of knowledge as to the duties of a librarian-which were considered as secondary to the duties of a teacher. 7) The majority of the principals thought the librarians were not paid well enough, but some of the principals o n.0, pposed their pay raise. The former generally took more courses in library science than the latter. 8) Many principals agreed that the adverse causes for the growth of the school library originated from the regional or governmental school authorities. This seemed to indicate that the legal requirements for the library were inadequate and that there was no administrative organization to take care of the library. 9) Most of the principals considered the insufficient funds as the major reason for the present poor condition of the library. But considering the fact that some libraries are better equi n.0, pped that others, financial matter cannot be the deciding factor. It rather seemed that there is some serious problems in the current educational system. For further studies in this field and for the libraries to function properly, the following suggestions are made here: 1) The major adverse cause for the healthy growth of the school library was found in the misconceptions on the school library by the principals, and these misconceptions were largely due to their lack of knowledge. Therefore they should be given more o n.0, pportunities to take courses in library science. 2) The librarian should not be overburdened with other duties than what his job duly calls for, and they should be properly compensated for their own job. They should also be encouraged to grow as librarians. 3) Education itself should be improved so that the library becomes the center of learning. 4) An administrative department should be created to oversee the school libraries, and legal measures should be enacted for better school libraries. 5) Financial su n.0, pport should be provided for a period of time in order to upgrade the school library to a certain level. Finally it is strongly felt that more detailed and inclusive studies in this field should be carried on and further experimental studies should be done.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 1960

여뀌과식물(Polygonaceae)의 수정관계 특히 기중 Heterostyle 식물을 연구해 오든중 Persicaria senticosa가 분류학에서는 1형화로 취급되고 있지만 실은 2형화로 되어 있는것을 발견하고 L주, S주에 대해서 그 형태, 수정생리등을 조사해 보았드니 이 생물은 화기구조상으로는 전형적인 이형예식물이지만 수정생리 및 화분관의 행동등으로는 아직 이형예식물로의 분화가 거이 안되고 비이형화의 일반 Polygonum (Persicaria) 속 대부분의 특징인 부분적 타가수정인 자가수정식물의 성질을 거이 전부 보유하고 있는 특수형의 이형예식물이라는 것이 명백히 되었다. 실험결과의 개요를 말하면 다음과 같다. 1) P. senticosa는 화주장, 화사장 속 제일차적 차이가 L, S주간에 \ulcorner저할 뿐만 아니라 이차적 차이에 있어서도 화분입대 같은것은 L, S주간에 분화가 심히 생겨 뚜렸한 이형예식물로 되어 있다. 2) 그러나 동과의 Heterostyle 식물인 P. japonica나 Fagopyrum esculentum에 비하면 아직 형태적으로 훨씩 미분화상태에 있다. 3) 생리적으로는 장주화(L), 단주화개체(S)에서 다 분화가 아직 생겨서 적법, 부적법수분정을 막론하고 수정, 결실이 다 같은 정도로 잘된다. 4) 화분질신장은 적법수분, 부적법수분에서 다 수분후 30분이면 자방까지 도달되는데 비교적 신장속도는 빠른편이다. 5) 신장속도는 적법수분시가 부적법수분시보다 더 속한 경동이 있다. 6) 아 식물은 형태상으로는 장주화, 단주화의 2형화식물로 되어 있지만 기타의 형태, 생태, 생리적분화는 아직 뚜렸하게 되어 있질않아 Heterostyle 식물중에서도 특이한 형상을 나타내고 있는데 이것을 같은 여뀌과의 이형예식물과 비교를 해보면 P. japonica 같은 것은 가장 L, S주간이 분화가 심하게 되어 있는데 반하야 이 P. senticosa 는 화주장, 화사장, 화분립대 이하에는 아직 분화가 되질 않은 특수형의 이형예식물이라고 볼수가 있다. 만일 P. japonica 를 진화형이라고 개정하면 P. senticosa는 원시형이라 하겠고, E. esculentum은 이행형이라고 볼수가 있다.

• 의료법학
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.159-193
• /
• 2015

병원감염 사례에 관한 판결의 주류적 태도는 병원감염 발생으로 인한 손해의 분담을 사실상 환자 측에 전가하는 문제가 있다고 판단되므로, 손해의 공평 타당한 분담을 그 지도 원리로 하는 손해배상제도의 이념에 비추어 환자 측의 증명책임을 대폭 완화하기 위한 방법을 강구할 필요성이 있다. 이와 관련하여 진료계약을 민법상 전형계약으로 규정하고, 병원감염과 같은 의료 측이 전적으로 지배할 수 있었던 경우에는 일반적 진료상 위험이 실현된 때 진료자의 오류가 추정된다고 명문으로 과실추정규정을 둔 독일민법을 검토하였다. 진료계약은 매우 빈번하고 광범위하게 일반 국민의 실생활에서 체결되고 있으며, 그로 인한 분쟁도 다양하게 발생하고 있으므로, 진료계약을 독일과 같이 민법의 전형계약으로 규정함으로써 계약 내용과 분쟁 발생 시 증명책임 등에 관해 규율할 필요성이 있다. 병원감염 사건의 경우 법률에 의해 과실을 추정하고, 병원감염 예방을 위한 노력을 철저히 시행한 기관에 한하여 병원감염 사고로 인한 손해가 발생한 경우 그 비용을 지원하도록 사회보험을 통한 제도적 보완이 필요하다고 생각되며, 향후 이에 관한 면밀한 연구와 검토가 요구된다.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제1권
• /
• pp.57-89
• /
• 1995

Despite prologed business stagnation of both international and domestic economy, hotel business as well as tourist industry has continuously been keeping growing, owing to increase of surplus income and world flowing population. During recent 4 years, growth rate of yearly mean in domestic hotels reached 9.9% and especially that of the superior class hotels 15.2%. In the composition of domestic tourist hotel's revenue, the earnings of guest rooms form 37.4%, on the other hand those of food & beverage 39.9%. This result is that our hotel business is concentrated on its interest in FOOD & BEVERAGE of which productivity per unit dimension can be increased to an unlimited extent and extent and superior class hotels strengthened in F&B are increasing in comparison with European or American hotels which are focused on guest rooms in their management. For value added rate of F&B is low as compared with increase of their earnings, they are interested in the management techniques which focus on rising the rate. As for the cost of Food & Beverage, personnel expenditure forms 36.5% and the direct materials 31.5%. Therefore how to manage personnel and materials costs which compose as much as 68% of total revenue will greatly affect net profit. We can say that an effective management technique in cost of Food & Beverage is one of the most important know-hows in hotel management. Especially management know-how for the Kitchen Department where the most of foods come out makes a great effects on various expenses, productivity and it is the achievement from hotel management. For the most of the hotel's top managers, they don't seriously take the fact that KITCHEN SYSTEM affects greatly total expenditure. This study starts from the point of recognizing the question of fundamental cause affecting tow largest cost elements incurred in Food & Beverage and trying to present an effective kitchen system. To settle the questions raised, I compared and analyzed productivity and cost of food & beverage and unit kitchen centered around superior class hotels in Seoul, which vary in Kitchen Systems. In order to attain the aforementioned study effectively purpose of this study, I compared Room-Service and Coffee-Shop Menu, flow of basic food in the kitchen, extent and result of division of labor and integration in the kitchen, scale of outlet kitchen, productivity, the turnover rate of food in store, food cost rate one another which all vary in Kitchen Systems. All these elements are compared and analyzed each other being divided into two main groups such as①. Main Production kitchen and Banquet Kitchen, and ②. coffee-shop kitchen and Room-service Kitchen. Therefore this study is to point out the problems in managing kitchens of superior class hotels which are different in systems. An effort was made to find out the better Kitchen System for superior deluxe hotels. I emphasize the followings on the proper scale of division of labor and integration of unit kitchen and a disposition plan for outlet kitchens of restaurant. First, KITCHEN SYSTEM as a sub-system of Hotel Management System is composed of sub-systems of outlet unit kitchen. Basic food materials are cooked and served for the guests while support kitchen and out restaurant kitchen interact organically each other. So Kitchen should be considered as a system composed of integrated sub-systems. Second, support and banquet kitchens should be integrated to be managed. And these unit kitchens have to be designed to be placed in the back of banquet rooms area. Third, coffee-shop kitchen and room-service kitchen should be integrated to be managed. Fourth, several unit business kitchens should be place on the same floor. Fifth, main production kitchens ought to be located near the loading duck, food store and large refrigerator. Sixth, considering the limits of supervision, duties should be adjusted as 12-20 cooks in two shifts a day for a sub-kitchen, and 18-30 cooks in three shifts a day so that labor division can be made. Last, I would like to two points for direction and task of future study. Firstly, I compare the effective income and increasing costs each other, which are incurred by increasing the use rate of the second processing materials for foods perched outside and through the results. I can find out the better points of the processing production and circulation system, and then I study this effects made on hotel kitchen system. Secondly, I can point out that more efficient kitchen system shall be established through comparing and analyzing the matter of amount of indirect costs and flow of food in different kitchen systems.

• 복식
• /
• 제7권
• /
• pp.5-19
• /
• 1983

Sacredotal robe(法服) means full court dress. We can't know about the shape of sacredotal robe before Dae-Han Empire(大韓帝國) since there are no remains of it. The study of sacredotal robe for queen have also been made centering around the socredotal robe granted from Ming(明) dynasty and the system of Juck-Eui(翟衣) in Dae-Han Empire. In this thesis I tried to study about the sacredotal robe for queen from King Gong-Min(恭愍王) of Koryeo(高麗) dynasty to the close the Cho-Sun(朝鮮) dynasty by investigating the Literature of Cho-sun Dynasty Chronicles(朝鮮王朝實錄), Ga Rae Do Gam Eui Gue(嘉禮都監儀軌), Sang Bang Jung Rae(尙方定例), Gook Hon Jung Rae(國婚定例), Sok-Orae Eui-Bo(續五禮儀補), and Dae Myung Whe Jeon(大明會典). The first documents on sacredotal robe for queen is regarded as that in the period of King Gong Min., which says that Chil Whee Gu Bong Gwan and Juck Eui of the 9th grade had been given from Ming dynasty. The sacredotal robe for queen in Chosun had been granted from Ming dynasty since the 3th years of King Tae-Jo(太祖) to the 3th years of King In-Jo(仁祖). They were Ju Chui Chil Juck Gwan, red Dae Sam(大衫), Bae Ja(褙子) embroidered with. pheasants on blue silk, and ivory flat baton (笏), which belonged to the court dress for the first class of court lady. When Qing(淸) dynasty succeeded to Ming dynasty, Cho-sun adopted the system of luck Eui which had it's origin in the system of Ming, denying to comply with Chung. But as a matter of fact, the system of sacredotal robe for queen actually used was one which were different from the dress system of Ming and converted into our national ways. In the latter period. of Cho-sun, the system of Bae Ja or Juck Eui were used together until the period of King Young Jo(英祖), and the system of Juck Eui which was written in Gook Hon Jung Rae was continually used from King Young Jo to the close of Cho-sun. It was composed of Juck Eui, Beol Eui(別衣), Nae Eui(內衣), Pe Sool(蔽膝), Dae Dae(大帶), HaPi, Sang(裳), Ok Dae(玉帶), Pae Ok(佩玉), Gue(圭), Mal(襪), Suk, and Myun sa(面紗), The headdress was used in our own ways, not complying with Juck Gwan(翟冠). The color of Juck Eui was red for queen, deep blue for the consort of the crown prince. The color of Juck Eui in DaHan Empire was deep blue, different from that of Juck Eui in Cho-sun. Bo(補) for queen wus embroidered with dragon with five claws and the one for the consort of crown prince with dragon with four claws. The back length of Juck Eui was longer than front about 28cm (1尺), and the front opening was straight down. 51 motifs of a brace of pheasants which were similiar to Bong(鳳) were embroidered on Juck Eui for queen. But we can't find out whether there 31 or 51 on Juck Eui for the consort of the crown prince. The system shows independant aspects, because there are Bo, Myun Sa, Sang, Ha Pi, Beol Eui, and Nae Eui which were not found in the system of Ming. As mentioned above, I have studied on the sacredotal robe for queen. But we can't guess the detail of sacredotal robe for queen, because there are no remains at all. Therefore I expect more study on this.

• 미술이론과 현장
• /
• 제4호
• /
• pp.33-56
• /
• 2006

'문화 전쟁(Culture Wars)'은 1980년대 말부터 1990년대 초 미국에서 보수주의자와 진보주의자 사이에 벌어진 문화적 논쟁을 일컫는다. 이 용어는 제임스 헌터(James Hunter)의 책 "문화 전쟁: 미국을 정의하려는 노력(Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America)"의 출간으로 대중화되었고, 당시 공화당 대통령 후보였던 패트릭 부캐넌(Patrick Buchanan)에 의해 급부상하게 된다. 그는 "이 나라에는 지금 종교 전쟁, 즉 냉전만큼 중요한 '문화 전쟁'이 일어나고 있고, 이것은 미국의 영혼을 위한 전쟁이다." 라고 부르짖으며 급변하는 문화 정체성의 위기 속에서 미국적인 전통을 지키고자 하였다. 이 문화 전쟁은 여러 다양한 논쟁을 함의하고 있었는데, 교목제도의 폐지, 교육기관에서의 다문화주의(multiculturalism) 커리큘럼 도입, 동성애자의 군복무, 낙태, 총기 소지 등의 허용 문제로 당시 미국의 교육계, 문화계뿐만 아니라 정치계, 입법부에서도 첨예한 대립 구도를 형성하였다. 미술계에서 가장 치열했던 문화 전쟁은 안드레 세라노(Andres Serrano)의 작품전과 ${\ll}$로버트 메플소프: 완벽한 순간(Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Moment)전${\gg}$이 공공기금인 국립예술진흥기금(National Endowments for the Arts, NEA)의 지원을 받아 개최되는 것이 타당한 것이냐에 대한 논쟁에서 표출되었다. 이 두 전시를 기점으로 그 뒤로도 여러 미술 전시회와 음악회, 연극 등을 둘러싼 NEA 기금 지원과 관련한 분쟁은 한동안 계속된다. 이 글은 이러한 미술계 문화 전쟁의 발전 과정과 몇몇 논점에 초점을 맞추되, 세라노나 메플소프의 작품 자체를 분석하고 비평하는 글이 아님을 밝혀 둔다. 본 연구는 분쟁의 전개에 대한 상세한 기술적, 연대기적 조사보다는 그 발단과 전개 과정에서 몇 가지 핵심적인 사항들을 기술하고, 이 사항들이 암시하는 정치적, 미학적, 미술사적 시각의 충돌에 대해 지적하는 글이 될 것이다. 더 나아가 당시 이러한 논쟁이 미국 미술계에 의미하던 것, 미국 문화 전체에 의미하던 것은 과연 무엇인가에 대한 비평적 질문으로 글을 맺고자 한다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.111-130
• /
• 2002

This study performed a structural questionnaire survey and non-structural interview of the ladies apparel manufacturers in Daegu on the qualification for the employees, skills required for job performance, job training, automatic manufacturing systems, and the use of computer. The results are as follows. 1. Almost all of the apparel manufacturing systems were Pair System, except one Line System in one company. In terms of outsourcing, most of the manufacturers answered “yes,” and in 1998 the outsourcing process was sewing, but in the year 2002, outsourcing has been increased :12 manufacturers(57.1%) outsourcing most of the processes except patterning, 3(14.3%) outsourcing the finish of sewing. 2. The workforce of 1998 and that of 2002 shows a significant difference(P＜. 01) between office work and management. The number of office workers has decreased from 15 down to 5.3 people. On the other hand, that of the management has slightly increased from 5.3 to 9.2 people. The number of the manual workers has decreased from 32.2 to 28.7 people. And the number of tailoring and patterning workers has slightly decreased, but the number has increased in sewing from 3.7 to 7.0 people. 3. The wage of an employee shows a significant difference between a sewing assistant(P＜. 01) and a production manager(P＜. 05), and the wage of a sewing assistant, in particular, has slightly raised from ￦905,000 to ￦1,054,000. 4. The qualifications required of employees are “cooperative human relations”(30.8％), “diligence,” and “ability for job analysis”(26.9％), and “positive thinking” (15.4％) in 1998, and “ability for job analysis”(38.5％), “cooperative human relations”(34.6％), and “positive thinking” (15.4％) in 2002. The areas for job openings are significantly different(P＜. 01) depending on the year. Job openings in the design section has increased from 1(3.8％) to 16 manufacturers (61.5％), and decreased in tailoring section from 22(84.6％) to 2 manufacturers(7.7％). Job openings in the sewing section have increased form 2(7.7％) to 6 manufacturers (23.1％). In terms of sex of the employees, there is a significant difference(P＜. 001). 19 companies(73.1％) wanted “male” in 1998, but 8 companies(30.8％) answered that they want “female” and 17 companies(65.4％) answered that “it does not matter.” About the educational background, there was a significant difference between the years. The number of the companies that want junior college graduates with an associate degree has increased(15 companies(57.7％). There was a significant difference(P＜. 05) in major of the employee. The number of the companies that want fashion majors has increased from 5(19.2％) to 20(76.9％). 5. In terms of job skills required, there was no significant difference. In 1998, “production skills” (46.2％) and “ability for job analysis” (26.9％) were required, and in 2002, “ability for job analysis” (42.3％) and “emotional skills” (26.9％). 6. In regard to training for job skills, “fashion professional training” has slightly decreased from 65.4％ in 1998 to 46.2％ in 2002, however, “training for job analysis” has slightly increased from 30.8％ in 1998 to 46.2％ in 2002, which indicates the fact that “fashion professional training” and “ability for job analysis” have been emphasized. 7. The number of the manufacturers purchased apparel CAD has increased from 1(3.8％) to 3(11.5％), and the number of the manufacturers that have no plan for purchase has increased from 16(61.5％) in 1998 to 15(57.7％), still taking up a big proportion. 8. About the use of computers in manufacturing, there is a significant difference(P＜. 05). The number of the manufacturers using computer has increased from 5(19.2％) to 15(57.7％) and that of the manufacturers which do not use computers has decreased from 17(57.7％) to 8(30.8％). 9. In the interviews with the owners of the manufacturers, they pointed that schools should give more weight on practical training courses, the invitation of experts in the specific field, complex production systems, training courses for sewing, field trip courses, and furthering specialty education, personality and vocational education.