• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.5035-5042
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• 2014

Background: Knowledge and individual perceptions about adverse effects of all forms of tobacco exert direct influence on the level of tobacco consumption in various socio-demographic groups. The objective of this study was to determine the nature, extent and demographic correlates of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of use of tobacco among adults in low and middle income countries. Materials and Methods: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted in fourteen different countries from 2008-2010, was sourced for the data analyzed in this study. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the prevalent knowledge and individual perceptions amongst adults about all forms of tobacco consumption. Results: There was relatively high awareness about the harmful effects of smoking tobacco with main awareness being about its relationship with lung cancer (>90% in most countries). In contrast, there was relatively low awareness about harmful effects of smokeless tobacco (< 90% in all countries except India and Bangladesh), and observed correlation of smoking tobacco with heart attack (40.6% in China, 65.1% in India) and stroke (28.2% in China, 50.5% in India). Conclusions: A large proportion of adults living in low and middle income countries possess adequate knowledge about smoking tobacco but have inadequate awareness as well as false perceptions about smokeless forms of tobacco. Popular beliefs of inverse relationships of tobacco consumption with knowledge, attitudes and perception of populations towards tobacco are challenged by the findings of this study.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2001

Since many adolescents start and continue Smoking to cope with stress from school and home environments, peer pressure, and to compensate for lowered self-esteem The smoking prevention program should consist of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding smoking and how to cope with these stresses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a smoking prevention program on smoking related knowledge, attitudes, and self-esteem and stress in first year middle school students. The study was performed on a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. 151 subjects(76 experimental group, 75 control group) were selected by a convenience sampling method. The study was carried out in two middle schools in Kwang-ju city, Korea, from the 1st of May to the 23rd of June, 2000. The experimental group attended the smoking prevention program which was held for 45 minutes a week for 4 weeks. The questionnaire was administered to measure the degree of knowledge, attitudes, self-esteem and stress of the subjects. The SAS-PC program was used to analyze the data along with peroentages, $x^2$-test. t-test, and paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis, 'The experimental group who receives a smoking prevention program would have higher scores of smoking related knowledge than the control group', was supported(t=3.68, p=0.0003). 2. The second hypothesis, 'The experimental group who receives a Smoking prevention program would have more positive attitudes regarding smoking than the control group', was supported(t=3.42, p=0.0008). 3. The third hypothesis, 'The experimental group who receives a smoking prevention program would have higher scores of self-esteem than the control group', was supported(t=2.24, p=0.0270). 4. The forth hypothesis, "The experimental group who receives a smoking prevention program would have lower scores of stress than the control group', was supported(t=-2.07, p=0.0407). The smoking prevention program in this study was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding smoking, enhancing more positive attitudes regarding smoking, and also increasing the scores of self-esteem and lowering the scores of stress. The results of this study will be applicable in smoking prevention education for early adolescents in middle schools.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Objectives: To analyze the characteristics of smoking prevention programs for the adolescent, and to synthesize the common effect sizes on smoking prevention programs for the adolescent. Methods: Seventeen studies for meta-analysis were selected from dissertations, these, and papers that had been published from 1996 to 2005 and had a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pre test-post test design. The analysis of the data was computed by using the meta-analysis software package developed by Song(2003). Results: Smoking prevention programs for the adolescent have resulted in a significant effect size on smoking-knowledge( .62), smoking-attitude( .55) of smoking prevention programs for the adolescent showed more than 'medium effect' size. In smoking-knowledge and amount of smoking, the effect size was smoking-attitudes, the effect size was large in the studies which consists of more than 10 sessions of intervention. Conclusion: From the above results, we notice that the smoking prevention programs for the adolescent were effective in increasing the smoking-knowledge, smoking-attitudes, and the intention of smoking-cessation.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of a smoking prevention program among preschool children. Method: This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 141 preschool children aged 6 or 7 at two childcare centers in Jecheon City, who were divided into an experimental group (n=66) and a control group (n=75). The smoking prevention program was applied through 9 sessions and 30 minutes per session. Surveys were conducted before and after the smoking prevention program to examine the preschoolers' knowledge and attitude toward smoking and smoking coping behavior. Results: There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in smoking knowledge (t=-2.02, p=.044) and smoking coping behavior (t=-2.01 p=.047), but smoking attitude (t=-1.20, p=.230) was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: As a result, further research is needed into the long term effects of a smoking prevention program on the future behavior of preschoolers so that the health benefits of early prevention can be quantified. It is necessary for parents to participate actively in influencing preschoolers' attitudes and behaviors with regard to the avoidance of smoking.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.388-399
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• 2002

This study would tend to clarify effects on knowledge and attitudes of smoking by preventive education for the fifth grade student in elementary school. It would also hope to contribute to activate smoking preventive education, improvement of health quality for the young and reduce school children's misdeeds. One hundred and sixty-eight school children, the fifth grade student in K city's elementary school have been gathered as testees and divided into two groups : 84 in an experimental group and other 84 in a group for comparison.. Data has been collected between 27th November, 2001 and 8th February, 2002 and methods, which were based on literature study, have been developed by myself and used after reliability test. The process has been formed in this order - pre-survey, experiment (smoking preventive education), the first post-survey and the second post-survey. The pre-survey was to fill the questionnaire and the post survey has done with the same way in 2 and 9 weeks later. The smoking preventive education has been carried out 4 times and the time for each experiment was 40 minutes. The collected data has been analysed by the purpose into $\chi^2-test$, t-test,. F-test, Duncan multiple range test with SPSS. The results of study would be as follows 1. The rate of smoking experience is $17.3\%$ and the biggest motive $(75\%)$ is curiosity. Also $5.4\%$ of respondents reply to have friends smoking a little. 2. The first hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would have much knowledge about smoking than comparison group - would be supported with statistical data (t=-3.329, p=.000). 3. The second hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would show higher attitude than the other group - would also be backed by statistically meaningful difference (t=-3.856, p=.000). 4. The variables of extent for smoking knowledge would be school record and the variables of extent for smoking attitude is friends' smoking, parents' reaction, experience until now and plan from now on.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2002

Objectives: This pre-post quasi-experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of school based smoking prevention education on knowledge and attitude toward smoking, and the satisfaction of education among middle school students. Methods: The subjects included 94 middle school students in the experimental group. and 87 students in the control group. The educational content contained smoking refusal skills, which were taught through lectures and videos. Data collection was achieved using a self-reported questionnaire developed by the investigator. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 10.0 program including frequency, percentile, X2, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The results were as follows: 1. After the smoking prevention education, the smoking knowledge of the experimental group was significantly improved, whereas that of control group didn't change significantly. 2. There were no significant differences between pretest and post test attitude scores in both groups. 3. Refusal skill was the education content that provided the highest satisfaction for the subjects, and the degree of satisfaction was higher with video watching than with a lecture. Conclusion: Smoking prevention education for middle school students increased their level of smoking knowledge, but did not affect their attitudes toward smoking. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more effective program, and to evaluate the effects of a long term education program with further studies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5131-5139
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• 2014

본 연구는 정규교과과정으로 활용될 수 있도록 개발된 사회인지학습이론 기반 흡연예방 교육프로그램의 효과를 측정하고자 수행되었다. 프로그램 적용대상은 D 광역시 소재 4개 초등학교의 1학년, 3학년, 5학년 학생으로 실험군과 대조군이 1학년은 54명과 50명, 3학년은 57명과 54명, 5학년은 101명과 99명이었다. 프로그램 실시는 1학년은 2시수, 3학년은 4시수, 5학년은 6시수가 2013년 11월 1일부터 12월 19일까지 이루어졌다. 프로그램의 효과측정을 위해 흡연 지식 및 태도, 자아개념 도구를 사용하였으며, 수집자료의 분석에는 Chi-square test와 t-test를 사용하였다. 연구결과 프로그램 실시 전후 흡연지식에서는 모든 학년에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나 흡연태도와 자아개념에서는 차이가 없었다. 초등학생 대항 흡연예방 프로그램은 정규교과과정에 연계되어 단계별로 적용되어야 하며 단기 효과보다는 장기 효과를 목표로 하여야 할 것이다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to evaluate effect of an educational program based upon experiment for smoking prevention in middle school students. Method: A quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were 107 middle school students (53 in the experimental group, 54 in the control group). Students in the experimental group participated in three 45-minute educational programs over a period of 2 weeks. The dependent variables were measured before and 2 & 4 weeks after the treatment. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. SPSS was used to aid analysis. Results: 1) The experimental group showed higher levels of knowledge of smoking prevention compared to the control group. However this program did not affect their attitude towards smoking. 2) There was a higher possibility of smoking in the future among the students who had smoked than those who had not. 3) The majority (84.9%) of the experimental group said that the program was effective. Conclusion: Knowledge of smoking for the experimental group was increased, so it is assumed that the program itself had a positive effect on the students. To change attitudes regarding smoking, smoking prevention programs need to be conducted repeatedly, not just temporarily.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.204-216
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• 2008

Purpose: Meta-analysis of this study was to analyze the character of adolescent smoking cessation programs, to calculate the effect size according to variables and to compare the weighted mean effect sizes on adolescent smoking cessation programs in Korea. Methods: Twenty two studies for meta-analysis were selected from dissertations, theses, articles and research papers that had been published from 1995 to 2003. The selected studies had a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pretest-post test design and had reported statistical value to calculate the effect size. Results: The mean number of sessions was 6.5. The education time per each session varied from 40 to 150 min and the most applied theories were Bandura's social-cognitive theory and the cognitive-behavioral theory. Smoking-knowledge, smoking-attitudes and smoking-amount showed high effects on the first post test after mediating adolescent smoking cessation programs according to the criteria of Cohen. The effect size of urine-cotinine found no homogeneity on the first post test, but it was significantly effective on the second post test. Conclusion: Adolescent smoking cessation programs analyzed in this study were relatively effective in smoking abstinence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

Background: In 2013, legislation in Vietnam regulated smoking in public areas. Included was a ban on indoor smoking at universities. Objective: Since awareness and attitude are moderators of the effectiveness of smoke-free policy, ou aim was to assess changes in students' knowledge and attitude tosecond hand smoke (SHS) and awareness and support of smoke-free legislation at four Vietnamese universities, one year after legislative changes. Methods: A two-phase cross sectional study of undergraduate students using self-administered questionnaires (based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey and the Thrasher survey) was conducted at the introduction of the legislation and one year thereafter. Results: One-year post legislation there were significant increases in knowledge of smoke-free legislation and awareness of universities as smoke-free environments. There was a significant increase in knowledge of harmful effects of SHS on diseases such as examples in the heart and lung, including lung cancer, and miscarriage. Students expressed strong support of smoke-free environments in universities, hospitals, schools, workplaces, public transport, libraries, cinemas and theatres; support was also increased post legislation. Changes were seen in attitude to SHS, and rights of non-smokers and smokers. Conclusions: Positive changes have occurred in knowledge and attitude toward smoke-free environments and SHS in universities since enactment of Vietnamese tobacco control legislation.