• Title/Summary/Keyword: The Creation Date

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A Study on the Sketch of Trikaya Banner Painting in the Suta-sa Temple (수타사 삼신불괘불도(三身佛掛佛圖) 초본(草本) 연구)

  • Kim, Chang Kyun
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.112-131
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    • 2009
  • The Trikaya Banner Painting in the Suta-sa Temple at Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do draws attention as it was painted not on flax but on paper, and used the water color painting technique on the sketch rather than the deep color painting technique, which is most common in Buddhist paintings created during the Chosun Dynasty. Nevertheless, there is not any information on the creation of the Trikaya Banner Painting in the painting record on the painting, in Sutasasajeok(壽陀寺史蹟), or in Sutasagogirok(壽陀寺古記錄), so it is uncertain when the painting was created. Furthermore, because it was not drawn by the deep color painting technique, it has been difficult to compare it with other banner paintings. For these reasons, the Trikaya Banner Painting has been studied little except brief introduction. In recent preservation treatment that removed multiple-layered paper from the back of the painting, however, an inked inscription written on Korean paper 118cm high and 87.5cm wide was discovered on the back. It is a kind of placard notifying a number of acts prohibited in order to follow Buddha's teachings correctly, and was found to have been written on April 15, 1690. The inked inscription is a very valuable material for estimating the creation date of the Suta-sa Trikaya Banner Painting, and provides crucial clues for approaching the contents and nature of the painting more precisely. When the image, form, and style of the Suta-sa Trikaya Banner Painting were examined and its creation date was estimated based on the inked inscription, first, the painting is presumed to have been created in around 1690 as suggested by 'the placard' attached on the back instead of a painting record. Second, the painting is highly likely to be the first standing Trikaya banner painting showing the basic icons of Trikaya banner paintings in the Chosun Dynasty since the Trikaya Banner Painting in the Gap-sa Temple in Gongju (1650). Furthermore, considering the shape of the Trikaya in the painting, screen composition, background treatment, solemn and affectionate facial expression, harmonious and adequate body proportion, etc., the painting is believed to have had a considerable influence not only on Trikaya banner paintings of similar style in the 18thcentury but also on deep-color Trikaya banner paintings in the 19thcentury. Third, although the Suta-sa Trikaya Banner Painting is not acompleted work but a sketch, it exhibits the typical water color painting technique in which the strokes are clearly visible. Thus, it is considered highly valuable in understanding and analyzing stroke styles and in studying the history of Buddhist paintings. As there are not many extant banner paintings of the same style in form and expression technique as the Suta-sa Temple Trikaya Banner Painting, this study could not make thorough comparative analysis of the work, but still it is meaningful in that it laid the ground for research on standing Trikaya banner paintings in the 18thand 19thcenturies in the Chosun Dynasty.

Requisites for Adopting Electronic Payment Systems in International Trade Transactions (국제무역거래에서의 전자결제시스템 도입에 따른 과제)

  • Kyung, Yeun-Beom
    • The Journal of Information Technology
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.147-162
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    • 2003
  • The technique of information-communication rapidly developed has made it possible for us to do business through Internet. Electronic commerce was increased rapidly by the explosive development of the inter and communication revolution. E-Commerce has created a fundamentally new way of conduction and will change drastically accepted ways of doing business. Normally international trade has been formulated in a way that exporters and importers meet face-to-face and contract and pay by letter of credits. For the global electronic commerce to vitalized, the outstanding matters should encourage the creation of infrastructure of information security and new models in the field of electronic payment systems, electronic commerce agreement for remedy, adapting electronic date interchange in transport documents and negotiability of electronic bills of lading. The payment systems such as electronic fund transfers, tradecard system and electronic letters of credits issued by SWIFT system permit the parties concerned(sellers, buyers ad service providers) to settle payment electronically. Still they are many limitations for complete international electronic transactions. The following measures have to be taken to vitalize electronic trade transactions. It is needed to acquire information security such as authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation and confidentiality. All kinds of documents need to be replaced by electronic date exchange and the legal structure of international convention, national law for electronic payment systems have to be completed. Also a detailed guide of the banking operation and developing rules for electronic letters of credits need to be provided to adopt eUCP rules for the electronic presentation of documents.

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Land Use and Greenspace Structure in Seoul - Case of Kangnam-gu and Junglang-gu - (서울시의 토지이용 및 녹지구조 - 강남구 및 중랑구를 대상으로 -)

  • 조현길;이경재;권전오
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.30-41
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    • 1998
  • This study analyzed urban greenspace area and vegetation structure by land use types for Kangnam-gu and Junglang-gu in Seoul different in income and building construction date. The study districts had a similar areal distribution of land use types. Residential lands accounted for about 32~37% of total area, natural lands, 19~22%, commercial and industrial lands(including transportation), 13~18%, and institutional lands, 13~17%. Greenspace covered only 20~30% of urban residential and commercial area in which human activities of living concentrate. Canopy stocking level in urban lands (all land uses except natural and agrecultural lands) was about 39% for Kangnam-gu and 50% for Junglang-gu, showing tree planting potential slightly higher in Kangnam-gu than in Junglang-gu. Woody plant cover was approximately 13%, and tree density was 3 trees/100m$^{2}$ forurban lands in both districts. The tree-age structure was largely characterized by young, growing tree population, and species diversity within a diameter class decreases as the diameter classes get larger. Urban lands of both districts had quite a similar species composition of woody plants (similarity indez of 0.70). Income and bulding construction date did not result in significant diference between the two districts in vegetation structure for urban lands. Some strategies were ezplored to solve problems found in the present greenspace structures. They included increase of biomass and greenspace area through minimization of unnecessary impervious surfaces, creation of multilayered and multiaged vegetation structures, and avoidance of intensive tree pruning and relocation of above ground utility lines.

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The Records and Archives management of the Catholic Daejon Diocese : Focused on the case of the Archival Arrangement and the Ways of Improvement (천주교 대전교구의 기록관리 : 개선안 및 기록물 정리 방안)

  • Ha, Jong-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.4
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    • pp.63-91
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    • 2001
  • This study is intended to examine the existing condition of records and archives management and seek its improvement and progress on a concrete model of Daejon Diocese as a kind of case study, because it is necessary to recognize the importance of records and archives management and to develop the records and archives management system. Daejon Diocese which has the catholic jurisdiction covering the areas of Daejon city and Chung Cheong Nam - Do province, celebrated the 40th anniversary of the diocese in 1998. At that, time, the authority of Daejon Diocese claimed to establish its church history institution and to plan the publication of "40 years history of Daejon Diocese". However, its publication could not be achieved until now for several reasons. Since my search for the cause of this situation, I immediately recognized that the lack of materials might be a common condition in almost all of the associations, especially with respect to management, preservation and access of the records and archives. The records in the archival repository of Daejon Diocese have been considerably lost because of the past intemperate destruction and these records have just piled for long time without any reasonable disposal programme. Therefore, in these poor conditions, it is inevitable to delay the publication of "40 years history of Daejon Diocese." This thesis deals with the archival arrangement and the ways of improvement by means of studying the records and archives management, as the essential issues. The archival arrangement based on the principle of provenance, the date of creation, and form division. The methods of improvement include the preservation environment, the scope of archives, archival staff, disposal and so on. Records have the legal and social value after being produced and they can remain as historical and cultural inheritances under the excellent condition of management and preservation. However, in examining the case of the management and preservation of records and archives in Daejon Diocese, I understand that it will need considerable time, man power, and financial cost in order to maintain the desirable level of records and archives management system Therefore, it is a important step for Catholic Daejon to recognize the necessity of the change over records and archives management.

A Satellite Imagery-Based Survey of Reclaimed Land in South Pyongan Province, North Korea (위성영상을 활용한 북한 평안남도 간척지 실태조사)

  • Cho, Jung-Ho;Kim, Hyuk;Nam, Won-Ho;Kim, Kwan-Ho
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.65 no.6
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    • pp.79-91
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    • 2023
  • This study surveyed the actual status of reclamation areas in South Pyongan Province, North Korea, using satellite images and literature to survey the creation date, area, and length of the embankment of the reclamation areas. The reclamation areas in South Pyongan Province were created in three stages, with the first stage completed in the late 1970s or early 1980s, the second stage in the late 1980s or early 1990s, and the third stage in the 2000s. The total area of the reclamation areas is 105,570 hectares. The land cover of the reclamation areas is as follows: agriculture (50.5%), saltern (29.5%), water bodies (13.6%), foreshore (12.4%), grasslands (3.0%), bare land (0.4%), facility (0.1%), and forests (0.1%). The study also found that the NDVI values of the reclamation areas vary depending on the location. The NDVI values of the Gwiseong and Namyang reclamation areas are low, while the NDVI values of the Samcheonpo and Jigdongbaedali reclamation areas are high. The study found that the NDVI values of the reclamation areas are correlated with the land cover of the reclamation areas. The study's findings can be used to understand the development direction and regional characteristics of the reclamation areas in South Pyongan Province. The study's findings can also be used to develop policies and plans for the sustainable development and utilization of the reclamation areas in South Pyongan Province.

Collective Minds Formed through North Korea's Documentary Films during the Arduous March Period: Focusing on < Let Us Hold High the Red Banner! > (고난의 행군 시기 북한 기록영화에서 조형된 집단적 마음: <내조국 빛내리>를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Seung;Lee, Woo-Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.327-334
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    • 2016
  • From the present perspective, North Korea overcame its crisis situation of the regime, the Arduous March. What was the driving force, enabling the regime to overcome the situation that could have been collapsed? This study intended to look into what strategy the North Korean government took to unite the social minds through its documentary films in the midst of the national crisis. The results of analysis are as follows. First, the documentary films emphasize that the people should become heroes in heroic fantasies. These films present the model cases, in which the people break through the hardships with their strong willpower, as an answer. Second, they mind the defeatism and encourage the triumphalism. They stress the importance of uniting collective minds as a breakthrough in overcoming the economic crisis. Third, they place an emphasis on creating the harmonized minds. They repeat the recovery of communistic morality, which has been emphasized up to date. Collective minds are eventually the outcome obtained from social experiences. North Korea stresses to convert the arduous march into the march to the paradise by the creation of collective minds through documentary films even in difficult realities.

The Blog Ranking Algorithm Reflecting Trend Index (트렌드 지수를 반영한 블로그 랭킹 알고리즘)

  • Lee, Yong-Suk;Kim, Hyoung Joong
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.551-558
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    • 2017
  • The growth of blogs has two aspect of providing various information and marketing. This study collected the rankings of blog posts of large portal using OpenAPI and investigated the features of blogs ranked through the exploratory data analysis technique. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the influence of the blogger and the recent creation date of the post were highly influential factors in the top rank. Due to the weakness of these evaluation algorithms, there was a problem of showing the search results which is concentrated to the power blogger's post. In this study, we propose an algorithm that improves the reliability of content by adding the reliability DB information which is verified by the experts and reflects the fairness of the application of the ranking score through the trend index indicating various public interests. Improved algorithms have made it possible to provide more reliable information in the search results of the relevant field and have an effect of making it difficult to manipulate ranking by illegal applications that increase the number of visitors.

Decision-making system for the resource forecasting and risk management using regression algorithms (회귀알고리즘을 이용한 자원예측 및 위험관리를 위한 의사결정 시스템)

  • Han, Hyung-Chul;Jung, Jae-Hun;Kim, Sin-Ryeong;Kim, Young-Gon
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, in order to increase the production efficiency of the industrial plant, and predicts the resources of the manufacturing process, we have proposed a decision-making system for resource implementing the risk management effectively forecasting and risk management. A variety of information that occurs at each step efficiently difficult the creation of detailed process steps in the scenario you want to manage, is a frequent condition change of manufacturing facilities for the production of various products even within the same process. The data that is not contiguous products production cycle also not constant occurs, there is a problem that needs to check the variation in the small amount of data. In order to solve these problems, data centralized manufacturing processes, process resource prediction, risk prediction, through a process current status monitoring, must allow action immediately when a problem occurs. In this paper, the range of change in the design drawing, resource prediction, a process completion date using a regression algorithm to derive the formula, classification tree technique was proposed decision system in three stages through the boundary value analysis.

A Study on Development of Machine-readable Platform for S-100 ECDIS

  • CHOI, HyunSoo;KANG, DongWoo;OH, SeWoong;KIM, YunJee
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2021
  • Logistics movement using ships has been used for many centuries, but maritime accidents are still difficult to predict and they occur on a large scale. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to install Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) for safe seas, but S-57 standards applied to equipment were not updated over 30 years. In addition, it is difficult to keep the equipment up-to-date and revise standards as ships move around the world. In consideration of the limitations of S-57, the IHO developed the new standard as S-100 rather than an update of the S-57. In this study, the previously developed S-100 tool and S/W were configured as one platform and applied to the S-100 ECDIS. The platform conducts as the S-100 cycle and ecosystem from the creation of standards to release and practical use in ships. The hydrographic information standard is machine-readable as defined in S-100, and it has been validated that the latest standard can be applied using the Plug and Play (PnP) function without software system updates. It is expected that international organization such as the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) shall develop and release standards and mariners can easily apply the latest standards to equipment through the machine-readable platform.

A Study on the Timbre of Pyeon-gyoung (국악 타악기 편경의 음색연구)

  • Yoon, Ji-Won;Kim, Jun
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.1728-1738
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    • 2010
  • Pyeon-gyeong, similar to Chinese Bianqing, is a Korean traditional lithophone with multiple stone chimes. Due to the temperature- and humidity-insensitive characteristics of its material, pumice stone, the instrument provides highly stable pitch and therefore has played a key role in Korean traditional court music. By reason of having absolute pitch, it is an important part of the research on the standard pitch and scale system of korean traditional music, but as an instrument, the study on the sound characteristics and worth is not making satisfactory progress, to date. This research is an analysis paper for physical modeling synthesis of pyeongyeong. Through this study, we will determine the original characteristics of the timbre of pyeongyeong as a unique korean traditional percussion, and investigate these characteristics objectively, based on the music acoustics by scientific analysis. Furthermore, this study will be used as an important basic material for physical modeling synthesis of pyeongyeong, and also make a huge contribution to the cultural applicability by the vitalization of graft onto the various artistic creation field, through the comprehension of the timbre of pyeongyeong as an instrument.