• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.121-136
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affected on the leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and leisure erect of the middle-aged and the aged who were participated in the leisure programs of the public community facilities. The sample in this study consisted of 351 middle-aged and aged living in Seoul and Daegu. frequencies, means and multiple regressions were employed for the analysis. The resets of this study were as follows: The factors affected on the leisure participation were age, number of the family, residence, and tuition fee. The factors had erects on the leisure satisfaction were sex, pocket money, residence, and the access of the transportation. And, the factors affected on the leisure effect were educational attaintment, total household income, number of the family, leisure attitude, and the access of transportation. The findings suggest that the advertisement will be needed for more use of the leisure programs in the public community facilities. And the Public transportation service will help middle-aged and aged access the facilities and participate the leisure programs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.199-210
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine whether social support buffers the deleterious effects of strain on life satisfaction of the aged and to provide information for finding out ways of increasing their life satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 252 aged persons living in Kwangju and Joun-nam. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency percentage mean standard deviation reliablity Pearson's correlation multiple regression analysis through the SAS package program. 1) The support score from family was higher than the support from friends and the total point of life satisfaction of the aged was 28.4 which was above the median 24. 2) Social support especially the support from family buffer the negative effect of strain on life satisfaction of the aged. The result indicates that the family remains a supportive system for the aged parents Therefore A program in necessary for aged parents to promote the emotional solidarity between the aged parents and their children.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.105-106
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• 2018

Korea, which entered the aged society in 2018, is accelerating the progress of the aged society due to the rapid decrease in birth. Although the low birth rate is the important issue, comprehensive measures to cope with the aged society should be established. In particular, the reform of the healthcare system in response to the aged society is very urgent. The reorganization of the healthcare system in response to the aged society should focus on improving the functional abilities of the elderly and should be transformed into integrated older person-centered health service. The benefit package of National Health Insurance should be diversified and appropriate payment of each benefit package should be applied. The ageism should be overcame, and it is important to recognize that the measures for the older person are investments in future society. The reform of healthcare system for older person are very urgent in Korea, which is advancing into a rapidly aged society.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.25
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• pp.143-169
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to propose alternatives to help for the aged to implement start business as a method to recreate the aged population for their second life. There are three considerations that supports start business for the elderly. The first is to reinforce educational support system for the aged. Through the lifelong education, the aged require easy start business' information. This is not only goverment's job, a local autonomous entity is to support in the form of organic organization. The second is the maintenance of financial support system. Besides start business education, various financial support system must serve for the aged to challenge their start business enthusiastically. The last consideration is formation of start business network that joins the aged efficiently. Based on these aspects, the application for increasing elderly human resource is to consider both employment program of the aged and also start business program for them.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.6 s.90
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• pp.800-812
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• 2005

This study selected and classified the representative foods for diversifying Korean traditional foods in the globa1 market and derived the superior factor of each food by consumer survey (n=744). The superiority of Korean traditional foods was generally recognized as being in the order of 'Nutritional value' > 'Dietary culture' > 'Material' > 'Taste.' Kimchi, Tteok/Hangwa, and grilled foods were regarded as potent Korean traditional foods for global consumers. The survey about the superior factors of representative Korean traditional foods produced the following results. The superior factor of Bibimbap, Mandu, Jangachi, Joeotgal, Namul muchim Salad, Naengchae, and Ganjang was 'Variety of material or cuisine', that of Bap, Jut Samguetang, Seolleongtang, Kimchi, Doenjang, and Sikcho was 'Nutritional value', that of Naengmyeon, Kalguksu, Bulgogi, Pyeonyuk, Jeongol, Gochujang, Tteot and Sjkhae/Sujeonggwa was Taste', and that of Hangwa, Hwachae, Gujulpan, and Sinsunro was 'Appearance'. The superior factors of representative Korean traditional foods showed the following differences by age and gender, The superior factor in Mandu was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 30 but 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 30; that in Pyeonyuk and Jeongol was 'Variety' in 31-40 year olds and those aged above 51, while it was 'Taste' in others. The superior factor of Kimchi was 'Nutritional value' by the subjects aged below 40,'Taste'in 41-50 year. olds, and 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 50, that of Namul muchim was 'Nutritional value' by the subjects aged below 20 and 'Variety'by the subjects aged above 20, and that of Naengchae was' Taste'by the subjects aged below 20 and 'Variety' by the subjects aged above 20. The superior factor of Gochujang was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 50 and 'Variety 'by the subjects aged above 50, that of Ganjang was 'Variety' by the subjects aged below 30 and 'Taste' by the subjects aged above 30, that of Sikcho was 'Variety' by the subjects aged below 30 and 'Nutritional value' by the sutjects aged above 30. The superior factor of Doenjang was 'Nuttritional value' in all ages. The superior factors of Hangwa and Sikhae/Sujeonggwa were 'Appearance' and 'Taste' in all ages, and that of Hwachae was 'Taste' by the subjects aged below 30 and' Appearance' by the subjects aged above 30. The perception by gender was statistically differed for traditional foods such as Bap, Bibimbap, Kalguksu, Bulgogi, Pyeonyuk Jangachi, Gochujang, Ganjang, Sikhae/Sujeonggwa, Hwachae, and Gujulpan.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.950-958
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• 2018

The physicochemical characteristics and oxidative stability of wet-aged and dry-aged pork cuts were investigated at different aging periods (1, 7, 14 and 21 d). Samples were assigned into four groups in terms of shoulder blade-wet aging (SW), shoulder blade-dry aging (SD), belly-wet aging (BW), and belly-dry aging (BD). SD showed significantly higher pH at 21 d of aging than the other samples. Wet-aged cuts had significantly higher released water (RW) %, lightness ($L^*$) and shear force compared to the dry-aged meats. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed greater degradation of proteins for dry-aged cuts than the wet-aged cuts. At the end of aging, wet-aged cuts showed significantly lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value than the dry-aged samples, indicating higher oxidative stability for wet-aged pork cuts. However, dry-aging led to higher degradation of proteins resulting in increased water-holding capacity (WHC) and decreased shear force value.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.199-212
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• 1989

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors which affect the alienation of the aged, and to study the relative importance of these factors. This study focused on the following research questions: 1) How do the demographic variables(sex, marital status, family structure, religion, economics, prior occupation, education level) affect the alienation of the aged? 2) How the alienation of the aged is affected by their involvement in social activities? 3) Does the degree of satisfaction with family relationship have a perceivable impact on the alienation of the aged? 4) How does the self-rated senescence affect the alienation of the aged? The research was practiced from the 18th Sept. 1999 to the 30th Sept. 1988, through individual interviews with 300 elderly people, all living in Seoul area. Among them only 285 were used in the analysis. The major findings of the study are as follows; 1) The sex of the respondents makes no difference in the alienation of the age . 2) Marital status is found to be relatively significant in determining the alienation. The degree of alienation of old people with spouse is substantially lower than that of those without spouse. 3) Family structure was found to have no significantly effect on the alienation of the aged. 4) Involvement in religion was found to significantly reduce the alienation of the aged. 5) Econimic factors seems to be critical in defermining the aged. The amount of pocket money avaliable for daily use has direct relationship with alienation. 6) Prior occupation was found to be another significant factor affecting alienation professionals experience far lower alienation than nonprofessionals. 7) The higher is education level, the lower is the alienation of the aged. 8) Active participation in social activities and good relationship with other family members were founded to contribute to lowering the alienation of the aged. Whereas, too much concern over one's senescence appears to hav negative effects on the alienation. The regression analysis shows that the satisfaction with the family relationship has the most important influence upon the alienation of the aged. Following are the factors of self-rated senescence, pocket money in a descending order. All these factors, which explain 42.65% of the total variance of alienation variable are statistically significant(p<.001)

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.677-687
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• 2007

This research aims to classify the physical characteristics of middle aged women. The characteristics are esteemed to be adopted for the formalisation of the types of their body figures and their characteristics for each type. For this purpose, middle aged women in the significant change of their body shapes were sampled for body measurement which would be used for the comparison between each measured figure. A group of sample for this research was constructed with 154 middle aged women who is currently living in Seoul and its Metropolitan area and being in their age of $35{\sim}59$. Particularly, the analysis on the girth of belly shows a significant difference subject to each age group so that a distinguished change in the girth of belly is observed as the age gets older. With the SPSS programme, the physical characteristics of middle aged women were analysed by the variation analysis and correlation analysis. In terms of the analysis on the body mass index and the flatness index, the observed result that there is a significant difference between the indices for late middle aged women and early and mid middle aged women shows far more different result from Yu-Kyung Choi(1997) that the body figures of middle aged women tend to start rapidly to change from their ages of 49. This can be explained to some extent in that the increased interest in much healthier and slimmer body shapes beginning from widely-spread so called "well-being" syndrome results in the increase in the number of middle aged women taking care of their health management so that the ages starting their body shape to become obese tend to be deferred. Another explanation is also feasible to partly extent that the middle aged women living in Seoul and Kyung-Gi area are much more looking after their health management than those living in other areas. However, this research has a limitation in that the physical measurement for this research has been conducted focusing on the women living in Seoul and Kyung-Gi area. Hence, it is further expected going forward that the physical measurement for middle aged women living in other areas should follow for the comparison purpose.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.238-246
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to develop a processed food using aged garlic. Pound cake samples were prepared with semi-solid aged garlic at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% ($25^{\circ}C$, 7 days). The pH of the batter prepared with the aged garlic ranged between 6.79 and 7.01 and the control pH was 7.21. The specific loaf volume of the pound cake prepared with the addition of 5~15% aged garlic decreased, from 2.78 to 2.51 cm3/g. The baking loss rate of the pound cake prepared with 0~15% added aged garlic also decreased by 6.91~6.42%. The lightness, redness, and yellowness values of the pound cake decreased with increases in the percentage of aged garlic. The adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the samples did not differ significantly with differing amounts of added aged garlic. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, however, was improved significantly via the addition of aged garlic. In the sensory evaluations, the pound cake prepared with 10% added aged garlic received higher acceptance scores for the properties of smell, taste, softness, moistness, adhesiveness and overall acceptability. Consequently, the optimal quality achieved in this set of experiments was with a pound cake to which 10% aged garlic had been added.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.241-251
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the depression, self-efficacy, and stress level of middle-aged women and to identify the factors affecting on stress, and to provide base line data for the development of nursing intervention for stress reduction of middle-aged women. Methods : Participants were 200 middle-aged women aged 40 to 60 who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data collection period was from March 1, 2019 to April 15. In this study, the questionnaire of life events-stress, depression scale, self-efficacy was used. Data were analyzed by average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, correlation and regression using the SPSS Program 21.0. Results : The results of this study, the correlation between depression, self-efficacy and stress in middle-aged women, depression and self-efficacy (r=-.264, p<.001), self-efficacy and stress (r=-.279, p<.001) had a significant negative correlation, depression and stress (r=.268, p<.001) had a significant positive correlation. Depression and self-efficacy were the factors affecting the stress of middle-aged women. Depression was β =.207 (p<.001) and self-efficacy β =-.222 (p=.003). Depression had the greatest influence on stress, followed by self-efficacy. Conclusion : Middle-aged women are an important time to prepare for a successful old age. Considering that the current middle-aged women are the subjects of the future aging society, their physical, psychological, and social problems are very important in preventing the elderly problems of the aging society. Therefore, effective nursing interventions should be developed that to reduce the depression and stress in middle-aged women and to improve self-efficacy and improve the quality of life of middle-aged women.