• 제목/요약/키워드: Thawing Temperature

검색결과 306건 처리시간 0.028초

Post-Thaw Cryosurvival of Bovine Embryos Produced In Vitro and In Vivo after Controlled Freezing

  • Cho, Sang-Rae;Choi, Sun-Ho;Choe, Chang-Yong;Lee, Poong-Yeon;Son, Jun-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Bum;Kim, Sung-Jae;Kim, Hyun-Jong;Shin, Seung-Oh;Son, Dong-Soo
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.253-257
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    • 2009
  • To enhance the embryo preservation technology and better application of embryo transfer technique to the field (dairy science or animal reproduction. etc.), we examined the viabilities of bovine embryos produced in vitro and in vivo after cryopreservation according to their developmental stage and thawing temperature. Bovine embryos from in vivo/vitro fertilization (Hanwoo) were examined at day 7, 8, and 9. Survival rates and total cell numbers of in vivo fertilized embryos were as follows: morulae 68.8% and $67\;{\pm}\;6.0$; blastocysts 80.5% and $120\;{\pm}\;10$; expanded blastocysts 77.4% and $138\;{\pm}\;9.7$, respectively. Rates of embryo development for blastocysts and expanded blastocysts after thawing were significantly higher than that of morula stage embryos (p<0.05). While survival rates of in vitro fertilized embryos according to developmental stage showed no significant difference among groups (morula 67.9%; blastocyst 74.3%; and expanded blastocyst 79.4%), total cell numbers were significantly lower than those of other groups (morula $64\;{\pm}\;5.9$; blastocyst $116\;{\pm}\;8.7$; and expanded blastocyst $135\;{\pm}\;9.1$) For the viability according to thawing temperature, survival rate was higher in $37^{\circ}C$.

초고압 동결 및 해동방법이 돈육의 물리적 특성에 미치는 효과 (Effect of High Pressure Freezing and Thawing Process on the Physical Properties of Pork)

  • 심국보;홍근표;최미정;민상기
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.736-742
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    • 2009
  • 본 실험은 초고압 동결 및 해동기법이 돈육의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 시도하였다. 동결 및 해동처리 과정에서 가압에 따른 pH 증가 및 단백질 변성에 따른 보수력의 저하로 관찰되었지만, 초고압 동결 기법을 이용함으로써 효과적으로 해동 및 가열감량을 최소화할 수 있었다. 반면에 초고압 해동기법은 느린 해동속도에 기인한 얼음 재결정화로 해동육의 수율 측면에 영향을 미칠것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 초고압 동결처리에 의한 빠른 동결 및 빠른 해동처리를 통하여 돈육의 물리적 특성 저하를 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 간주되었다. 반면에 250 MPa의 압력은 돈육의 색도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

국내 주요 암종별 사면의 동결-융해에 의한 열화심도 계산 (Calculation of Deterioration Depth of Major Rock Type Slopes caused by Freezing-Thawing in Korea)

  • 권오일;백용;임성빈;서용석
    • 지질공학
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.359-365
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    • 2007
  • 암석의 동결과 융해 작용의 반복적인 과정은 암반의 기계적인 풍화작용의 중요한 인자 중에 하나이다. 이러한 자연 상태의 과정은 암반 물질의 파쇄에 의해서 풍화를 가속시키고 암반 사면의 표층부에 토양이나 풍화암을 생산한다. 또한 사면의 전단강도 감소를 일으키므로 사면 안정성 분석을 위하여 동결-융해에 의해 유발되는 열화 심도를 계산하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 동결-융해에 의한 암반 사면의 열화 심도를 1차원 열전도방정식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 국내 주요 도시의 지난 5년간 기온 자료를 수집하여 기온 분포를 분석하였다. 기온 분포 분석은 국내 암종 분포를 고려하여 수행되었다. 아울러 연구 대상 지역에 분포하는 암석의 열전도율, 비열, 밀도 등에 대한 실내 시험을 수행하였다. 이들 암석의 열적 특성은 열화심도 계산을 위한 입력 인자로서 활용되었다. 본 논문은 암석의 열적 특성의 차이를 의미하는 암종, 외부 기온 등의 영향 인자들과 열화심도 간의 상관관계에 대하여 검토하였다. 최종적으로 계산에 의한 국내 주요 도시의 암반 사면 열화심도 추정 값을 소개하고자 한다.

동결융해 및 수침조건을 고려한 경량기포혼합토의 거동 실험 연구 (Experimental Study on behavior of the Lightweight Air-foamed Soil Considering Freezing-thawing and Soaking Conditions)

  • 강대규;신은철
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2016
  • 해성 점토를 이용한 경량기포혼합토의 동결융해 및 수침조건에 따른 환경적 변화특성을 파악하기 위하여, 시멘트 사용량을 변화시키며 경량기포혼합토의 시료를 제작하여 동절기 저온양생, 지중양생 및 실내양생 조건에서 일축압축강도를 관찰하였다. 동결융해($-9.1^{\circ}C{\sim}17.2^{\circ}C$ 온도범위)를 받는 시료는 시멘트 사용량에 상관없이 강도발현이 안되었고 지표면 아래 30cm 깊이의 지중에서 양생한 경우 시멘트 사용량이 증가할수록 압축강도는 급격히 증가되었다. 따라서 동결융해를 받는 조건에서는 경량기포혼합토 타설 후 외기로부터 차단하는 보온층 설치가 필요하다. 장기간 수침상태를 유지한 시료는 단위중량의 증가가 매우 작게 발생하였고, 시료가 건조되어 함수비가 6%로 저하되었을 때 압축강도는 급격히 감소하는 경향이 있다. 그러나 건조를 방지하고 습윤상태를 유지할 경우 압축강도 및 단위중량의 변화는 매우 작았다. 지하수위 아래에 매설되거나 피복토를 갖는 경량기포혼합토는 장기적으로 안정적인 건설재료로 평가할 수 있다.

동결융해에 의한 암반사면의 열화심도 산정 (Estimation of Deterioration Depth of Rock Slope due to Freezing-thawing)

  • 백용;서용석;정자혜;권오일
    • 지질공학
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.325-335
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    • 2005
  • 일차원 열전도 방정식을 이용하여 동결융해 작용에 의하여 발생하는 국내 암반사면의 열화심도를 산정하였다. 계산에 적용된 기온분포는 국내의 주요5개 도시의 최근 2년간의 기온분포를 분석하여 사용하였으며, 국내에 많이 분포하는 암종인 사암. 화강암, 편마암을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 고려 한 5개 지역 중 2년간의 최고기온과 최저 기온의 편차가 큰 지역인 서울, 대전, 포항은 열전도계수(Coefficient of thermal conductivity)가 클수록 암반 열화심도(deterioration depth)가 깊어지는 경향을 보이는 것으로 계산되었다. 암종별로 분석한 결과 열전도계수가 $55,200\;cal/m\timesday\times^{\circ}C$인 화강암이 분포할 때는 5개 지역 중 기온편차가 작은 광주와 강릉 지역의 영향심도가 기온편차가 큰지 역들보다 높게 예측되었다. 이 암석을 제외하면 기온 편차가 큰 지역에 분포하는 암석일수록 암반의 열화심 도가 크다. 국내의 동결융해에 의한 열화심도는 약 $8.4\sim10.7m$내외 인 것으로 나타났다.

말쥐치 동건품의 가공조건 및 저장중의 품질변화 (Processing Conditions and Quality Stability during Storage of Frozen-dried Filefish)

  • 이응호;김희윤
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 1982
  • 말쥐치를 보다 효과적으로 이용하기 위한 하나의 방법으로서 말쥐치 동건품의 가공사건 및 저장중의품질변화를 실험하였다. 동결온도 $-10^{\circ}C$이고 송풍해동조건이 온도 $56\pm2^{\circ}C$, 풍속 1 m/sec 일 때 동결시간 10시간, 해동시간2시각, 동결 및 해동포수는 5소파 가장 적합하였다. 이 때 제품의 수분사양은 $23.6\%$, 수율은 $10.2\%$였다. 상온에서 함기포장하여 저장한 결과 90일까지는 품질에 큰 변화 없이 저장 가능했다. Omission test결과 제품의 맛에는 유리아미노산과 5'-mononucleotide가 주된 구실을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 말쥐치 동건품과 시판 동건명태는 관능 검사결과 맛, 냄새, 텍스튜어 등이 거의 비슷하였다.

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생쥐배의 동결보존 (The Freezing of Mouse Embryos)

  • 윤문석;정길생
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 1984
  • These experiments were carried out to examine the effect of rapid thawing (500$^{\circ}C$/min) on the survival of 8-cell mouse embryos cooled slowly (0.5-1$^{\circ}C$/min) to precooling temperatures between -10 and 070$^{\circ}C$ before direct transfer ofembryos to -196$^{\circ}C$, and to compare the survival of embroys thawed slowly (20$^{\circ}C$/min) and rapidly (500$^{\circ}C$/min) after in vitro culture. In addition, the sensitivity of 8-cell mouse embroys to the rate of addition and removal of cryoprotectant at room temperauture, and the effect of developing stages on the survival of embryos frozen-thawed slowly were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Embryos were survived in rapid thawing (500$^{\circ}C$/min) only when slow cooling was terminated at relatively high subzero teperaure (-20 to -60$^{\circ}C$). The highest survival rate(77.0%) in in vitro culture of embryos thawed rapidly was obtaeined after transfer to -196$^{\circ}C$ from -40$^{\circ}C$. 2. For the survival of embryos in slow thawing (20$^{\circ}C$/min.), slow cooling to lower subzero temperature (-50$^{\circ}C$ and below) was required before transfer of embryos to -196$^{\circ}C$. These results indicate that embryos transferred to -196$^{\circ}C$ from high subzero temprature contain much interacellular ice to damage them during slow warming but to permit survival of embryos after rapid warming. 3. The Survival rate (72.7%) of 8-cell mouse embryos after rapid addition and removal of cryoprotectant, DMSO at room temperature was similar to that (83.9%) after slow addition and removal of cryoprotectant at same temperature. 4. The survival rates of 1-, 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos frozen-thawed slowly were 26.7, 76.4, 70.0 and 83.9%, respectively.

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Use of Dye Deposition in Cows' Excised Genital Tract to Evaluate Inseminators' and Refreshment Training to Refreshment Training to Improve Their Skill

  • Mohammed S.;Mohammad S. H.;Mohhammad A. R. S.;Khan A.H.M.S.I.
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2005
  • To find out the possible inefficiencies of artificial inseminators at rectovaginal insemination in cows, inseminators' skill were evaluated by controlling the semen thawing procedure adopted and by using the technique of dye deposition in the genital tract of slaughtered cows. This was followed by refreshment training for the inseminators. Thirty seven artificial insemination technicians regularly working in the government, cooperative and NGO (Non Government Organization) artificial insemination programmes at different places of Bangladesh were included in the study. Individual technicians were asked to thaw a semen straw and deposit dye in the genital tract of slaughtered cows following the procedures they would have adopted in their actual practices of insemination. The time and water temperature adopted by technicians were recorded and genital tract after sham artificial insemination was dissected to determine the site of dye deposition. Then, the inseminators took part in a three days intensive training program. The training program was ended up with the same tests for thawing frozen semen straw and dye deposition in the genital tract of slaughtered cows. At pre training evaluation, only $25\%\;and\;72\%\;(n=36)$ inseminators adopted co..ect thawing time and temperature, respectively. At post training evaluation, all inseminators thawed semen straws for proper time and temperature. At pretraining evaluation, $21(57\%),\;11 (30\%)\;and\;3(8\%)$ inseminators deposited dye at the body of uterus, in the vagina or in cervix, and into the horn of uterus, respectively. In $2(5\%)$ cases dye did not pass into the genital tract, instead back flowed through the space between the barrel of insemination gun and sheath. At post training evaluation, all inseminators successfully deposited dye in the body of uterus. Frequent evaluation of inseminators' skill and subsequent training would help improvement of the artificial insemination technicians' skill.

Influence of Osmolality of Complete Semen Extender on Motion Characteristics of Frozen-thawed Ram Spermatozoa

  • Joshi, Anil;Mathur, A.K.;Naqvi, S.M.K.;Mittal, J.P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권12호
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    • pp.1716-1721
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    • 2006
  • The present study was conducted to observe the effect of osmolality of glycerolated TEST-yolk glycerol extenders on post-thawing sperm kinematics of ram spermatozoa of the native Malpura breed maintained in a semi-arid tropical environment. Good quality semen obtained from adult rams was pooled, split and diluted to 1,000 million spermatozoa per ml in complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extenders of 900, 1,200, 1,500 and 1,800 mOsm/kg osmolality. Diluted semen samples were loaded in 0.25 ml straws and cooled down to $-125^{\circ}C$ freezing temperature at the rate of $-25^{\circ}C$ per minute under controlled conditions before plunging into liquid nitrogen for storage. The thawing of straws was performed at $50^{\circ}C$ in a water bath for 10 seconds and sperm kinematics of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa were assessed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis technique. Osmolality of diluent had no significant effect on post-thawing % motility, % rapid, % medium and % slow moving frozen-thawed spermatozoa but significantly (p< 0.05) affected the % linearity and % straightness. The post-thawing % motility and % rapid motile spermatozoa were highest in samples extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality and lowest in 900 mOsm/kg. The curvilinear velocity of spermatozoa was significantly (p<0.05) higher for samples extended in 1,800 mOsm/kg, compared to those in 900 and 1,200 mOsm/kg, but the effect was not significantly different to those extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality. The study indicated that ram spermatozoa could tolerate a wide osmolality range for dilution in the complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extender for their cryosurvival. The highest recovery of motile spermatozoa following thawing was achieved in samples extended in the TEST-yolk-glycerol diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality.

Potato Soft Rot Caused by Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas sp. from Subarctic Tundra Soil

  • Sungho Woo;Yung Mi Lee;Dockyu Kim
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.399-404
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    • 2023
  • Agricultural activities and the number of farms in the subarctic regions have been increasing annually after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic to achieve food self-sufficiency. Potatoes are vulnerable to soft rot bacteria at all stages of production, storage, and transportation. A novel bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. N3-W, isolated from Alaska tundra soil, grows at 5-25℃ and produces extracellular protease(s). N3-W caused necrotic spots (hypersensitivity) in hot pepper leaves and soft rot disease (pathogenicity) in potato tubers. The psychrotolerant N3-W caused significant soft rot symptoms on potatoes at a broad temperature range (5℃, 15℃, and 25℃). In contrast, mesophilic Pectobacterium carotovorum KACC 16999 induced severe rotting symptoms in potatoes at their optimal growth temperature of 15℃ and 25℃. However, it barely produced symptoms at 5℃, which is the appropriate storage and transportation temperature for potatoes. The results of pathogenicity testing imply that psychrotolerant soft rot pathogens from polar regions may cause severe soft rot not only during the crop growing season but also during storage and transportation. Our study indicates the possibility of new plant pathogen emergence and transmission due to the expansion of crop cultivation areas caused by permafrost thawing in response to recent polar warming.