• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the effects of irradiation on the phenotypic expression of the MC3T3-El osteoblastic cell line, especially on the osteonectin and bone sialoprotein. Materials and Methods: Cells were irradiated with a single dose of 0.5, 1, 4 and 8 Gy at a dose rate of 5.38 Gy/min using Cs-I37 irradiator. After specimens were harvested, total RNA was extracted on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st day after irradiation. The total RNA was reverse-transcribed and the resulting cDNAs were subjected to amplification by PCR with a pair of primers. Results: The irradiated cells showed a dose-dependent increase in osteonectin mRNA expression when compared with the unirradiated control group. The irradiated cells showed no difference in bone sialoprotein mRNA expression when compared with the unirradiated control group. In accordance with the duration of culture period after irradiation, the level of osteonectin mRNA expression showed no difference, but it increased a little at the 21st day in the 4 and 8 Gy exposure groups. In the case of bone sialoprotein, however, the level of mRNA expression increased significantly at the 3rd and 7th day after irradiation, but it showed no difference at the 14th and 21st day when compared with the control group. Conclusion: These results showed that each single dose of 0.5, 1, 4 and 8 Gy influenced the mRNA expression of osteonectin and bone sialoprotein at the calcification stage of osteoblastic cells, suggesting that single dose of irradiation affected the osteoblastic bone formation at the cell level.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 1998

The cytotoxic activity of MeOH extracts of the freeze-dried silkworm (Bombyx mori)-derived materials (4th instar larvae, female and mate pupae, virgin female and male adult), dried Beauveria bassiana-infected silkworm larvae, dried feces from the 4th instar larvae B. mori, and dried mulberry (Morus alba)-derived materials (leaves, fruits, root barks) in vitro was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay, using the five human solid A 549 lung, SK-OV-2 ovarian, SK-MEL-2 melanoma, XF-498 CNS and HCT-15 colon tumor cell lines. The responses varied with both cell line and material used. The 70% hot MeOH extract of B. mori feces (BFH) revealed potent cytotoxic activity against model tumor cell lines whereas moderate activity was observed from the MeOH extract of B. mori feces. M. alba root barks, and M. alba fruits. The other test materials were ineffective. Because of its potent cytotoxic activity, the activity of each solvent fraction from the BFH was determined. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed the most potent cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, our results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of B. mori feces. M. alba root barks, and M. alba fruits.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.783-786
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• 1973

The healing response may very with the tissue, the site and the degree of wound. the author observed histochemically the epithelial regeneration in the har palate wound of healthy male albino rats, varying in age from 120 to 150 days, and weighing about 100 gm. The deep wounds were made antero-posterior linealy by surgical knife to the depth of bone level. They were sacrified by ether anesthesia on 1, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after wounding. the staining methods used were Mcmanus' PAS reaction, Mowry's modification of the Hale reaction employing Muller's colloidal iron reagent, alloxan-Schiff reaction and hematoxylin-eosin stain. The results were as follows : 1. In the wound healing of hard palate, the epithelium had marked PAS positive reaction in the granular and the prickle cell layers on the from 2nd to 7th day. 2. Alloxan-Schiff reactions of regenerated epithelium were slightly increased on 7th day.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.505-513
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• 2017

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate whether ambient temperature and dietary glycerol addition affect growth performance, and blood metabolic and immunological parameters, in beef cattle. Methods: Twenty Korean cattle steers ($405.1{\pm}7.11kg$ of body weight [BW], $14.2{\pm}0.15$ months of age) were divided into a conventional control diet group (n = 10) and a 2% glycerol- added group (n = 10). Steers were fed 1.6% BW of a concentrate diet and 0.75% BW of a timothy hay diet for 8 weeks (4 weeks from July 28th to August 26th and 4 weeks from August 27th to September 26th). Blood was collected four times on July 28th, August 11th, August 27th, and September 26th. Results: The maximum indoor ambient temperature-humidity index in August (75.8) was higher (p<0.001) than that in September (70.0), and in August was within the mild heat stress (HS) category range previously reported for dairy cattle. The average daily gain (ADG; p = 0.03) and feed efficiency (p<0.001) were higher in hotter August than in September. Glycerol addition did not affect ADG and feed efficiency. Neither month nor glycerol addition affected blood concentrations of cortisol, triglyceride, or non-esterified fatty acid. Blood concentrations of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, and albumin were lower (p<0.05) on August 27th than on September 26 th, and blood phosphorus, calcium and magnesium concentrations were also lower on August 27th than on September 27th. Glycerol addition did not affect these blood parameters. Percentages of $CD4^+$ T cells and $CD8^+$ T cells were higher (p<0.05) on July 28th than on August 27th and September 26th. The blood $CD8^+$ T cell population was lower in the glycerol supplemented-group compared to the control group on July 28th and August 27th. Conclusion: Korean cattle may not be significantly affected by mild HS, considering that growth performance of cattle was better in hotter conditions, although some changes in blood metabolic and mineral parameters were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2003

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary neoplasm mainly occurring in the major salivary glands - especially in parotid gland, which is characterized by variable histopathologic appearances and high recurrence rate with malignant transformation according to surgical situations. And this benign mixed tumor occurring in minor salivary glands is believed to shows same clinicopathologic appearances and relatively low recurrent rate compared with the case in major salivary glands. But there are few comparative studies of large series of pleomorphic adenoma occurring in minor salivary glands which includes different histopathologic appearance, clinical characteristics, treatment methods, recurrence rate, and malignant transformation. We retrospectively studied the 54 patients who were pathologically confirmed with pleomorphic adenoma occurring in minor salivary glands, and analyzed the clinico-histopathological appearance, surgical methods, recurrent cases. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The incidence of the tumor was most frequent in 4th & 5th decade, and in female. 2. Palate(90%) including hard & soft palate was the most frequent site for pleomorphic adenoma in minor salivary glands. 3. The exact duration could not be known due to asymptomatic slow growth patterns of the tumor. 4. The mean tumor size was 2.3cm. 5. 28 (52%) pleomorphic adenomas were classified as Cellular type (cell-rich), 17 (31%) specimen as Intermediate type(equal cell to stroma ratio), and 9 (17%) as Myxoid type(stroma-rich). 6. Surgically 51 cases (94%) were showed well-encapsulated tumors, but histopathologically only 34 specimen (63%) were wellencapsulated. Therefore pleomorphic adenomas in minor salivary glands also have to be excised more widely, not enucleated. And in case of suspicious malignancy or large tumor, preoperative incisional biopsy can be applied in the center of the tumor for prevention of rupture of tumor cell, and total excision with use of frozen biopsy for detection of malignancy and confirming the excision margin, and closed follow-up according to final histopathologic results is recommended.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2000

In order to investigate the antitumor effect by Dangguihwalhyultang after B-l6 cells were transplanted in C57BL/6 mice, and the immune responses in mice induced by methotrexate, the extract of Dangguihwalhyultang was orally administered to the ICR mice. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of metastasis, cell cytotoxicity in vitro, life extention, weight of cancer, natural killer cell activity. productivity of interleukin-2. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Mean survival time in Dangguihwalhyultang-treated group was prolonged, as compared with control group(14.63%) significantly(P<0.05). 2. Inhibition of metastasis in Dangguihwalhyultang-treated group was higher than control group with significance on 14th day(P<0.05). 3. On the weight of solid tumor. Dangguihwalhyultang-treated group was less than control group with significance(P<0.05). 4. On the MTT assay. Dangguihwalhyultang concentration inhibited cell viability was $368.8{\mu}g/well$. 5. Natural killer cell activity in Dangguihwalhyultang-treated group was significantly increased on 100:1, 50:1 E/T(effect cell/target cell) ratio(P<0.05). 6. Production of interleukin-2 in Dangguihwalhyultang-treated group was significantly increased(P<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2002

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells can be induced to differentiate into tyrosine hydroxylase expressing (TH+) cells that may serve as an alternative for cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). To examine in vitro differentiation of hES (MB03, registered in NIH) cells into TH+ cells, hES cells were induced to differentiate according to the 4-/4+ protocol using retinoic acid (RA), ascorbic acid (AA), and/or lithium chloride (LiCl) followed by culture in N2 medium for 14 days, during which time the differentiation occurs. Immunocytochemical stainings of the cells revealed that approximately 21.1% of cells treated with RA plus AA expressed TH protein that is higher than the ratio of TH+ cells seen in any other treatment groups (RA, RA+LiCl or RA+AA+LiCl). In order to see the differentiation pattern in vivo and the ability of in vitro differentiation-induced cells in easing symptomatic motor function of PD animal model, cells (2 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ cells/2${mu}ell$) undergone 4-/4+ protocol using RA plus AA without any further treatment were transplanted into unilateral striatum of MPTP-lesioned PD animal model (C57BL/6). Following the surgery, motor behavior of the animals was examined by measuring the retention time on an accelerating rotar-rod far next 10 weeks. No significant differences in retention time of the animals were noticed until 2 weeks post-graft; however, it increased markedly at 6 weeks and 10 weeks time point after the surgery. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed that a reasonable number of TH+ cells were found at the graft site as well as other remote sites, showing the migrating nature of embryonic stem cells. These results suggest that in viかo differentiated hES cells relieve symptomatic motor behavior of PD animal model and should be considered as a promising alternative for the treatment of PD.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

To establish in vitro mass production system of grape anthocyanin pigments through callus and cell suspension culture, the effects of nitrogen amount and the ratio of $NO_3^-$/$NH_4^+$ in the medium on cell growth and anthocyanin production were investigated. Total nitrogen amount and the ratio of $NO_3^-$/$NH_4^+$ in the medium strongly affected anthocyanin production and cell growth. When $NH_4^+$ was fixed, the cell growth was promoted by 50 mM total nitrogen (20 mM $NO_3^-$ : 30 mM $NH_4^+$ ) than other nitrogen combinations, and was strongly inhibited when $NO_3^-$ was lacking (0 mM $NO_3^-$ : 60 mM $NH_4^+$ ) while anthocyanin production was increased. When $NO_3^-$ was fixed, the cell growth was promoted by 70 mM total nitrogen (40 mM $NO_3^-$ : 30 mM $NH_4^+$) than other nitrogen combinations, and was strongly inhibited when $NO_3^-$ was lacking (0 mM $NO_3^-$ : 60 mM $NH_4^+$ ) while anthocyanin production was increased. Cell growth was gradually increased by all nitrogen combinations, but anthocyanin production reached its peak on day 4 in culture. Anthocyanin content increased with decreasing cell density. Sucrose was rapidly hydrolyzed to fructose and glucose within 4 days. Glucose and fructose concentrations in the medium increased and peaked at the 4th day. The anthocyanin content of $NH_4^+$-free 2% sucrose media was 2 times (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) higher than that of 1% sucrose. When $NO_3^-$ was lacking, the highest anthocyanin production was observed at 4% sucrose after 12 days of culture, and increased along with the sucrose concentration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2010

The Salvia plebeia R. which is the biennial plant belonging to the Labiatae department, grows naturally in the Korea entire area. Presently, its extract (SPRE) is known to have an anti-inflammation and anti-allergy activity, but there are a few evidences about it. SPRE inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated- macrophages. The co-administration of SPRE during OVA sensitization significantly reduced total IgE levels in mice. The mice who received SPRE co-administered with OVA showed a significant increase in serum OVA-specific IgG2a/b levels. Spleen-cell cultures harvested from OVA-sensitized mice showed a significant decrease in Th2 cytokine levels with a concomitant increase in Th1 cytokine levels only when SPRE co-administered with OVA. These results demonstrate that SPRE can control the LPS-induced inflammatory reaction and prevent antigen-induced Th2 immune responses in mice.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

Objective : Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects millions of people in the developed world. The disease is characterized by concurring airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, increased mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen, and pulmonary fibrosis. To investigate the therapeutic and anti-asthmatic effects of Drynariae Rhizoma (DR), we examined the influence of DR on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of DR on airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, various immune cell phenotypes, Th2 cytokine production and OVA specific IgE production in a mouse model of asthma. Results : In asthmatic mice, we found that DR.treated groups had suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation and AHR by suppressing the production of IL-5, IL-13 and OVA specific IgE. Conclusions : Our data suggest that the therapeutic mechanism by which DR effectively treats asthma is based on reductions of Th2 cytokines (IL-5), eotaxin, OVA-specific IgE production and eosinophil infiltration.