• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2004

Physiological responses (oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, hemoglobin, red blood cell and white blood cell) of cultured eel, Anguilla japonica to vibration stress were studied in an indoor experimental system. Vibration of 76-93 dB (V) from an electric vibrator was provided in 15-minute intervals during daytime (0800-1800) over a ten day period. Oxygen consumption before the beginning of the experiment (0 day) was 83.9 mg $O_2$$.$kg$^{-1}$ ㆍhr$^{-1}$ . After 1, 5 and 10 days of stress respiration rate decreased by 37.5, 53.7 and 70.5%, respectively. Ammonia excretion showed a similar pattern to that of oxygen consumption. Ammonia excretion decreased by 80.1 % following 10 days of vibration stress. Blood hemoglobin concentration also decreased at 1, 3 and 10th day were 29.4% on day 1,83.9% on day 3 and 87.9% by day 10, while red blood cell counts at day 1 and day 10th were 59.8% and 84.7% lower than initial counts, respectively. The white blood cell count increased by 191.2% at day 7, dropping to 41.5% at day 10. Physiological activity was reduced by 50% following 3.4 days of vibration stress.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2016

Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to play major roles during the induction of T cell immune responses as well as the maintenance of T cell tolerance. Naive CD4⁺ T cells have been shown to respond with high plasticity to signals inducing their polarization into effector/helper or regulatory T cells. Data obtained from in vitro generated bone-marrow (BM)-derived DCs as well as genetic mouse models revealed an important but not exclusive role of DCs in shaping CD4⁺ T cell responses. Besides the specialization of some conventional DC subsets for the induction of polarized immunity, also the maturation stage, activation of specialized transcription factors and the cytokine production of DCs have major impact on CD4⁺ T cells. Since in vitro generated BM-DCs show a high diversity to shape CD4⁺ T cells and their high similarity to monocyte-derived DCs in vivo, this review reports data mainly on BM-DCs in this process and only touches the roles of transcription factors or of DC subsets, which have been discussed elsewhere. Here, recent findings on 1) the conversion of naive into anergic and further into Foxp3^- regulatory T cells (Treg) by immature DCs, 2) the role of RelB in steady state migratory DCs (ssmDCs) for conversion of naive T cells into Foxp3⁺ Treg, 3) the DC maturation signature for polarized Th2 cell induction and 4) the DC source of IL-12 for Th1 induction are discussed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

HaCaT cells are the immortalized human keratinocytes and have been extensively used to study the epidermal homeostasis and its pathophysiology. T helper cells play a role in various chronic dermatological conditions and they can affect skin barrier homeostasis. To evaluate whether HaCaT cells can be used as a model cell system to study abnormal skin barrier development in various dermatologic diseases, we analyzed the gene expression profile of epidermal differentiation markers of HaCaT cells in response to major T helper (Th) cell cytokines, such as $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-22. The gene transcriptional profile of cornified envelope-associated proteins, such as filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin and keratin 10 (KRT10), in HaCaT cells was generally different from that in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs). This suggests that HaCaT cells have a limitation as a model system to study the pathophysiological mechanism associated with the Th cell cytokine-dependent changes in cornified envelope-associated proteins which are essential for normal skin barrier development. In contrast, the gene transcription profile change of human ${\beta}2$-defensin (HBD2) in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A in HaCaT cells was consistent with the expression pattern of NHKs. $IFN{\gamma}$ also up-regulated transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) gene transcription in both HaCaT cells and NHKs. As an alternative cell culture system for NHKs, HaCaT cells can be used to study molecular mechanisms associated with abnormal HBD2 and TGM2 expression in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.463-469
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• 1993

From May 1986 to May 1992, 72 patients were diagnosed and operated for primary lung cancer, among them 65 patients were clinically evaluated at the department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Masan Koryo General Hospital. 1. There were 52 males 13 females[M:F=4:1], and 5th, 6th decade of life[72%] was peak incidence. 2. The preoperative diagnosis and its positive rate were sputum cytology 35%, bronchoscopy 47%, pleural effusion cytology 80%, and pleural biopsy 50%. 3. The classification histologic types were squamous cell cancer 71%, adenocarcinoma 17%, undifferentiated cell carcinoma 4.6%, and staging classification were Stage I 31%, Stage II 22%, Stage IIIa 26%, and Stage IIIb 20%. 4. The operative methods were lobectomy 52%, pneumonectomy 36%, and open biopsy 12%, and operability was 89%, resectability was 88%. 5. The postoperative complications developed 13 patients[22%], and operative mortality was 5%. 6. The overall actuarial survival rate was 1year 70%, 2year 42%, 3year 32%, 4year 26%, and 5year 22%, according to Stage 5year survival rate was Stage I 37%, Stage II 22%, Stage IIIa 3year 12%, Stage IIIb 2year 23%. And according to operative method lobectomy 23%, pneumonectomy 19%.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2010

An understanding of the nature of the immune response to asexual erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites will facilitate vaccine development by identifying which responses the vaccine should preferentially induce. The present study examined and compared the immune responses of NIH mice in either single or mixed infections with avirulent (DK) or virulent (DS) strains of Plasmodium chabaudi adami using the ELISA test for detecting and measurement of cytokines and antibody production. In both single and mixed infections, the study showed that both cell- and antibody-mediated responses were activated. In all experiments, an early relatively high level of IFN-$\gamma$ and IgG2a during the acute phase of the infection, and later elevation of IL-4 and IgG1, suggested that there was a sequential Th1/Th2 response. However, in the avirulent DK strain infection a stronger Th1 response was observed compared to the virulent DS strain-infection or in mixed infections. In the virulent DS infection, there was a stronger Th2 response compared to that in the DK and mixed infections. The faster proliferation rate of the virulent DS strain compared to the DK strain was also evident.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 1995

In order to clarify the relationship between the activity and age of vacular cambium in the rhizome of Botrychium ternatum, the cambia of the 6th and 10th internodes from its shoot apex were compared ultrastructurally and histochemically. The cambium in the 6th internode had two to four radially arranged cells in each row, and the cells are radially flattened and had thiner tangential walls than radial. The cambial cells were ultrastructurally characterlized by the presence of a large vacuole, few storage materials such as starch grains and lipid droplets, and various cell organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulums and dictyosomes in cytoplasm. On the other hand, the cells of cambium in the 10th internode showed irregular arangement and somewhat enlargement in radial plane. The cells were filled with numerous storage materials and small vacuoles and had few cell organelles except for mitochondria. In addition, the activity of acid phosphatase appeared in the cambium of the 6th internode but of the 10th. From the above results, it is clear that the vascular cambium of the 6th internode was active and that of the 10th was dormant. Thus we reached a conclusion that the rhizome of '||'&'||'trychium ternatum has determinate cambium.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.62-84
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four root canal sealers(Tubliseal, AH26, Apatite Root Canal Sealer I, Apatite Root Canal Sealer II) in Vitro. The root canal sealers were mixed and filled in molds which were $14{\times}1.25mm$ in diameter, in height to use for cell counting and agar overlary method, and $7{\times}1.25mm$ for millipore filter method and set for 7 days to use for experiment. Silicone and copper plate were used for negative and positive control respectively. Using the culture of L929 fibroblast, total cell number and vital cell number were counted and the ratio of vital cell number to total cell number was calculated on 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th experimental day, and the change of cell membrane permeability was tested by agar overlay method, and the succinate dehydrogenase activity was tested by millipore filter method. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In ail experimental groups, the mitotic activity of fibroblast was reduced when compared with that of negative control group, so ail experimental groups showed cytotoxicity. Apatite Root Canal Sealer I group exhibited mild cytotoxicity, and Tubliseal, AH26, Apatite Root Cenal Sealer II groups exhibited severe cytotoxicity. 2. In the test of the change of cell membrane permeability by agar overlay method, all experimental groups showed cytotoxicity. AH26 group exhibited mild cytotoxicity, and Apatite Root Canal Sealer I group exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, and Tubliseal and Apatite Root Canal Sealer II group exhibited severe cytotoxicity. 3. In the test of SDH activity by millipore filter method, there was no cytotoxicity in Apatite Root Canal Sealer I and Apatite Root Canal Sealer II group, but Tubliseal and AH26 group showed mild cytotoxicity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2012

Purpose: In this paper we tried to evaluate the most appropriate surface for rhBMP-2 coating among 4 rough titanium surfaces. Materials and methods: We used machined surface as a control group and anodized, RBM and SLA surfaces as test groups. We coated rhBMP-2 on the 4 surfaces and with uncoated surfaces for each case, we cultured human mesenchymal stem cells on all 8 surfaces. 24 hours after we measured the stem cell' attachment with SEM, and on 3rd, 7th, and 14th days, we checked the cell proliferation and differentiation by using MTT and ALP activity assay. And on the 7th day after the culture, we performed RT-PCR assay to determine whether the expression levels of Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin were changed. Results: We observed with SEM that 4 rhBMP-2 coated surfaces exhibited wider and tighter cell attachment and more cell process spreading than uncoated surfaces. The anodized rhBMP-2 surface caused robustest effects. In MTT assay we could not find any meaningful difference. In ALP assay there was a significant increase (P<.05) in the ALP activity of anodized rhBMP-2 coated surface compared with that of the control (3rd and 14th days) and with that of the RBM rhBMP-2 coated surface (14th day). In RT-PCR assay there was increased expressions in the anodized rhBMP-2 coated surface for osteocalcin, and osteopontin. Conclusion: We found that the anodized rhBMP-2 coated surface were most prominent stem cell attachment and differentiation in compared to control and Machined rhBMP-2 coated, RBM rhBMP-2 coated surface.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7-like cytokine that is an important trigger and initiator of many allergic diseases. TSLP promotes a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine response that can be pathological. A relationship is formed both at the induction phase of the Th2 response through polarization of dendritic cells to drive Th2 cell differentiation and at the effector phase of the response, by promoting the expansion of activated T cells and their secretion of Th2 cytokines and TSLP. In transgenic mice with TSLP overexpression, it has been reported that TSLP leads to the development of mixed cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In addition, TSLP can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephritis. From our knowledge of the role of TSLP in the kidney, further studies including the discovery of new therapies need to be considered based on the relationship between TSLP and glomerulonephritis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.735-743
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• 2009

The common word flavonoids is often used to classify a family of natural compounds, highly abundant in all higher plants, that have received significant therapeutic interest in recent years. Naringin is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer and other chronic diseases; however the molecular basis of this effect remains to be elucidated. Thus we attempted to elucidate the anti-allergic effect of Naringin in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice. The OVA-induced mice showed allergic reactions in the airways. These included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung around blood vessels and airways, airway luminal narrowing, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of Naringin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, this study may provide evidence that Naringin plays a critical role in the amelioration of the pathogenetic process of asthma in mice. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of Naringin in terms of its effects on asthma in mice.