• 약학회지
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2013

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin, is one of the most widespread dietary flavonoids. We investigated the effects of C3G in PMA/ionomycin (PI)-induced RBL-2H3 cells. C3G inhibited the production of IL-4 and IL-13 and also decreased the level of mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blot analysis implied that C3G down-regulated the protein level of c-Jun, NF-ATc1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ but not c-Fos. Taken together, we suggest that C3G may have suppressive effects on Th2 cytokines and will be studied further to develop as functional foods that help alleviate allergy symptoms.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2011

Objectives : Ulmus davidiana (UD) has been widely used in Korean herbal medicines used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and abscess. In this study, To investigated the protective effect of UD on type 1 allergic response, we determined whether UD inhibits early and late allergic response. Methods : The effect of UD was analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR in RBL-2H3 cells. Levels of ${\beta}$ -hexosaminidase, interleukin (IL)-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). mRNA levels of COX-2 and T-helper type 2(Th2) cytokines were analyzed with RT-PCR. Results : We found that UD suppressed ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 not only by the PMA plus A23187 stimulation, but also by the IgE-DNP-HSA stimulation at the antigen-antibody binding stage and antibody-receptor binding stage. UD also significantly inhibited COX2 level, along with reduced Th2 cytokine levels, such as IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RBL-2H3. Conclusions : Our results indicate that UD protects against type 1 allergic response and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation and expression of COX2 and Th2 cytokines.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.587-599
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• 2017

The immune response against Trichinella spiralis at the intestinal level depends on the $CD4^+$ T cells, which can both suppress or promote the inflammatory response through the synthesis of diverse cytokines. During the intestinal phase, the immune response is mixed (Th1/Th2) with the initial predominance of the Th1 response and the subsequent domination of Th2 response, which favor the development of intestinal pathology. In this context, the glucocorticoids (GC) are the pharmacotherapy for the intestinal inflammatory response in trichinellosis. However, its therapeutic use is limited, since studies have shown that treatment with GC suppresses the host immune system, favoring T. spiralis infection. In the search for novel pharmacological strategies that inhibit the Th1 immune response (proinflammatory) and assist the host against T. spiralis infection, recent studies showed that resiniferatoxin (RTX) had anti-inflammatory activity, which decreased the serum levels of IL-12, $INF-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, and $PGE_2$, as well the number of eosinophils in the blood, associated with decreased intestinal pathology and muscle parasite burden. These researches demonstrate that RTX is capable to inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines, contributing to the defense against T. spiralis infection, which places it as a new potential drug modulator of the immune response.

• 약학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysregulatory production of proinflammatory cytokines and helper T (Th) cytokine-dependent autoantibody production. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of baicalin on the dysregulatory production of proinflammatory cytokines and Th cytokines in pristane-induced lupus mice. Mice were received i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane, and then, later about 3 months, were used as a pristane-induced lupus model. The pristane-induced lupus mice were administrated orally with baicalin 50 mg/kg once in a day for 10 days. Immune cells obtained from the pristane-primed lupus control group (lupus control) and baicalin-treated pristaneprimed lupus mouse group (BAC lupus) were cultured for 24 h or 36 h with/without mitogens. These results demonstrated that LPS-induced production of macrophage and splenic TNF-${\alpha}$ and Con A-induced production of thymic IFN-${\gamma}$ were attenuated in BAC lupus compared to lupus control, while LPS-stimulated production of macrophage IL-10, Con A-stimulated production of splenic IL-10 and, $PGE_2$-reduced production of splenic IFN-${\gamma}$ enhanced. Therefore, these findings suggest that baicalin may protect from autoimmunity and disease activity in lupus via modulatory effect of proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and Th cytokine imbalance.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

연구배경: 기관지 천식은 기도의 만성 염증성 질환으로 밝혀지고 있으며, 기관지 천식의 병인에 림프구의 "활성화"가 주요한 역할을 할 것으로 추정되고 있다. 이들 림프구중 TH1 림프구보다 TH2 림프구의 활성화가 아토피 천식환자의 기도에서 증명된 바 있다. 하지만, 아토피 정상인과 아토피 천식환자 사이의 cytokine 발현 차이는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 방법: 아토피 혹은 비아토피 천식환자 각각 6명, 아토피성 정상인, 비아토피성 정상인 각각 6명을 대상으로 기관지 조직을 획득하여 동결절편으로 in situ hybridization을 시행하였다. 사용된 cytokine은 IL-4, IL-5, INF-$\gamma$와 IL-2 였으며, probe의 제조는 random priming을 이용하여 digoxigenin을 부착시켜 사용하였다. 결과: 기관지 천식 환자의 기관지 조직은 상피세포의 탈락이 관찰되고 림프구를 포함한 다양한 염증 세포의 침윤이 기저막 하부에서 관찰되었다. 기관지 조직에서의 음성 대조군으로 RNase를 처리한 경우는 갈색의 음영이 관찰되지 않으나, RNase를 처리하지 않는 조직은 기저막 하부의 염증세포에서 갈색의 음영이 관찰되었다. 정상 대조군 6예 중 IL-2는 2예, INF-$\gamma$; 1예, IL-4;2예, IL-5는 2예에서 각각 관찰되었고, 아토피 대조군은 IL-2 1예, INF-$\gamma$;1예, IL-4와 IL-5는 한 예에서도 관찰되지 않았다. 아토피성 기관지 천식군 6예에서 IL-2는 4예, IFN-$\gamma$; 2예, IL-4; 4예, IL-5는 4예에서 관찰되었으며, 비아토피성 기관지 천식군에서는 IL-2 4예, IFN-$\gamma$;1예, IL-4; 3예, IL-5; 3예가 관찰되었다. 결론: 기관지 천식환자의 기관지내의 림프구는 활성화되어 있고, 아토피성 기관지 천식환자의 병인에 TH2-like 림프구가 관여할 것으로 추측되지만, 일부 아토피성 정상인에서의 기관지에서도 TH2-like 림프구가 활성화되어 있는 것으로 보아 추후 면역조직화학 염색을 이용한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.682-688
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• 2013

꾸지뽕(Cudrania tricuspidata) 열매의 면역증강 작용을 검토하기 위하여 유산균을 이용하여 발효한 후 70% 에탄올 추출하여 그 추출물을 마우스 비장세포에 작용한 후 분비되는 cytokine으로 면역활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 발효에 의해 성분의 변화로 총 페놀함량을 측정한 결과 발효에 의해 폴리페놀 함량이 약 47% 증가하였으며, 면역활성에서는 발효 꾸지뽕 열매에서 cytokine IL-2와IL-4의 분비량이 증가하였다. 그리고 LPS 자극제와 함께 처리하였을 때, Th1 cell 유도 cytokine인 IL-2, IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$의 분비는 억제되었으나, Th2 cell 유도 cytokine인 IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10의 분비량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이는 발효 꾸지뽕 나무 열매 추출물이 Th1 cell의 발현에 의해 유도되는 세포성 면역작용 반응은 억제하며, B 림프구에 의한 항체생성과 관련된 체액성 면역작용을 유도하는 Th2 cell의 발현을 활성화 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.15
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• 2023

Th cells, which orchestrate immune responses to various pathogens, differentiate from naive CD4 T cells into several subsets that stimulate and regulate immune responses against various types of pathogens, as well as a variety of immune-related diseases. Decades of research have revealed that the fate decision processes are controlled by cytokines, cytokine receptor signaling, and master transcription factors that drive the differentiation programs. Since the Th1 and Th2 paradigm was proposed, many subsets have been added to the list. In this review, I will summarize these events, including the fate decision processes, subset functions, transcriptional regulation, metabolic regulation, and plasticity and heterogeneity. I will also introduce current topics of interest.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation with intense eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Accumulating evidence indicates that antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 orchestrate these pathognomonic features of asthma. In addition, we and others have recently shown that IL-17-producing $CD4^+$ T cells (Th17 cells) and IL-23, an IL-12-related cytokine that is essential for survival and functional maturation of Th17 cells, are involved in antigen-induced airway inflammation. In this review, our current understanding of the roles of IL-23 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation will be summarized.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1056-1069
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Grifola frondosa, commonly referred to as the maitake mushroom, has been studied extensively to explore its potential health benefits. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in skin disorders have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of the ethanol extract of G. frondosa in atopic dermatitis (AD) using in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIALS/METHODS: We investigated its impact on skin and spleen inflammatory responses in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model. Additionally, we determined the immunosuppressive response and mechanism of G. frondosa by inducing atopic-like immune reactions in keratinocytes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. RESULTS: Our study revealed that G. frondosa ameliorates clinical symptoms in an AD-like mouse model. These effects contributed to the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 immune responses in the skin and spleen, leading to protection against cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, G. frondosa inhibited the production of antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a in the serum of AD mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of G. frondosa on inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated AD-like keratinocytes was associated with the suppression of MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of G. frondosa as a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment and prevention.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2004년도 KSOT/KEMS Fall Annual Meeting
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• pp.123-123
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• 2004