• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1974

Hemoglobin, albumin and transferrin phenetypes observed in a population of 255 dogs of various breeds by agar gel electrophoresis for hemoglobin and albumin, and by starch gel electrophoresis, for transferrin. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The hemoglobin phenotypes were classified as HbAA, HbAB and HbBB and the frequencies of appearence were 91.77, 6.27 and 1.96%, respectively. Gene frequency studies of $Hb^A$ and $Hb^B$ showed the $Hb^A$ gene to have a frequency of 94.9% and $Hb^B$ gene to have a frequency of 5.1. The frequency of hemoglobin phenotypes of the Korean Jindo dog (ylelow) was HbAA 76.19%, HbAB 17.46% and HbBB 6.35% and HbBB was recognized only in the Korean Jindo dogs. 2. The albumin phenotypes were calssified as AlbAA, AlbAB and AlbBB and the frequencies of appearence were 28.71, 43.57 and 27.72% respectively. Gene frequency stduies of $Alb^A$ and $Alb^B$ showed the $Alb^A$ gene to hate a frequency of 50.50% and $Alb^B$ gene to have a frequency of 49.50. The frequency of albumin phenotypes of the Korean Jindo dog was 26.32% for AlbAA, 34.21% for AlbAB and 39.47% for AlbBB. The frequency of albumin phenotypes of the Korean Jindo dog was slightly different from others and gene frequency of $Alb^B$ was 56.58. 3. Transferrin studies resulted in findings of 10 different phenotypes and frequencies of transferrin phenotype were 30.08% for $TfA_1A_1$, 8.02 for $TfA_2A_2$, 2.11 for TfBB, 4.64 for $TfC_1C_1$, 1.69 for $TfA_1B$, 41.35 for $TfA_1C_1$, 5.49 for $TfA_2C_1$, 0.84 for $TfA_2C_2$ and 3.79 for $TfBC_1$. Gene frequency studies of $Tf^A$, $Tf^B$ and $Tf^C$ showed the gene to have a frequency of 63.08% for $Tf^A$, 4.85 for $Tf^B$ and 32.07 for $Tf^C$ 4. Transferrin studies revealed two different band patterns on starch gels with a strong and weaker stained one. The $TfC_2C_2$ and $TfA_2A_2$ which were found in the Korean Jindo dog only showed a weaker stained band and the gene frequency of $TfA_1A_1$ was highly recognized in this dog.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1354-1360
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• 2007

Theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR) are constituents of tea pigments which are polyphenols derived from Korean fermentation tea. After TF, TR and [(-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate](EGCG) have been applied to macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and cytokines production were estimated. Cytokines production by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) determined. NO production was increased by about 1.5-folds at the dose of $80\;{\mu}g/ml$ compared to control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation when TF, TR and EGCG were applied to a RAW264.7 cell. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increased depended on concentrations of TF, TR and EGCG. The production of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ increased highly in TR, TF and EGCG group with LPS. These results suggest that TF, TR and EGCG have immune-enhancement effect through the cytokine production. TF, TR and EGCG inhibited cancer cell viability, the anticancer effect of these polyphenols may explain the anti-tumor promotion action and antioxidant activity of these tea constituents.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.393-402
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• 2000

Purpose: Tc-99m-MIBI (MIBI) and Tc-99m-Tetrofosmin (TF) are commonly used for scintimammog (SMM). We compared the diagnostic ability of SMM using Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-TF for the diagnosis of breast mass. Materials and Methods: The study subjects were comprised of 123 breast lesior 86 normal breasts of 114 patients who underwent SMM. Bilateral prone images and anterior supine images obtained at 5 minutes and 1 or 3 hours after intravenous injection of 740 MBq of either MIBI or TF. of tumors were not significantly different between the MIBI and TF groups. First, two observers read the SMM without clinical information (1st interpretation), then read again with information about location (2nd interpretation). Sensitivity and specificity of each radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of cancer were evaluated in terms of image acquisition time, tumor size, and location. Results: The SMM a good agreement between two observers for 1st and 2nd interpretation, except for TF SMM at 3 hr. first interpretation, the sensitivities at 5 min, 1 hr, and 3 hr were not significantly different between MIBI TF SMM (81.6%, 80.0%, 60.9% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 80.6%, 42.9% in TF), although the sensitivities of images were significantly lower than 5 min images in both MIBI and TF SMM. The specificity of TF at was superior to that of MIBI (81.5%, 90.0%, 82.9% in MIBI vs. 96.7%, 100%, 90.0% in TF, p<0.01 MIBI TF at 5 min). For the second interpretation with information of mass location, the sensitivities at 3 hr were significantly lower than 5 min images (86.8%, 86.7%, 78.3% in MIBI vs. 88.9%, 93.5%, 57.1% between MIBI and TF SMM. However, there was no significant difference in the specificity (60.0%, 75.0% for MIBI vs. 86.7%, 100%, 100% for TF). MIBI and TF SMM showed lower sensitivities for the with less than 1 cm than tumors with more than 1 cm. However, the location of tumors did not sensitivity and specificity between MIBI and TF SMM. Conclusion: The ability for the differential of breast tumor is similar between MIBI and TF SMM, and delayed image is not necessary. TF may be than MIBI considering the specificity of SMM without clinical information and labeling convenience.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2003

In this paper, an efficient threshold-based filtering (TF) buffer management scheme is proposed. The TF is capable of minimizing the overall loss performance and improving the fairness of buffer usage in a shared buffer packet switch. The TF consists of two mechanisms. One mechanism is to classify the output ports as sctive or inactive by comparing their queue lengths with a dedicated buffer allocation factor. The other mechanism is to filter the arrival packets of inactive output ports when the total queue length exceeds a threshold value. A theoretical queuing model of TF is formulated and resolved for the overall packet loss probability. Computer simulations are used to compare the overall loss performance of TF, dynamic threshold (DT), static threshold (ST) and pushout (PO). We find that TF scheme is more robust against dynamic traffic variations than DT and ST. Also, although the over-all loss performance between TF and PO are close to each other, the implementation of TF is much simpler than the PO.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.658-669
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• 2019

For dual-channel time-frequency (TF) overlapped signals with low sparsity in underdetermined blind source separation (UBSS), this paper proposes an effective method based on interval probability to estimate and expand the types of mixing matrices. First, the detection of TF single-source points (TF-SSP) is used to improve the TF sparsity of each source. For more distinguishability, as the ratios of the coefficients from different columns of the mixing matrix are close, a local peak-detection mechanism based on interval probability (LPIP) is proposed. LPIP utilizes uniform subintervals to optimize and classify the TF coefficient ratios of the detected TF-SSP effectively in the case of a high level of TF overlap among sources and reduces the TF interference points and redundant signal features greatly to enhance the estimation accuracy. The simulation results show that under both noiseless and noisy cases, the proposed method performs better than the selected mainstream traditional methods, has good robustness, and has low algorithm complexity.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2012

Navy establishes the Naval Task Forces (TF) for many kinds of maritime operations. Then the TF in the maritime environment performs simultaneous component operations such as ASUW (Anti-Surface Warfare), ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare), AAW (Anti-Aircraft Warfare), and assault operations. The TF consists of many tactical systems for the completion of missions C4I, VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol), DMHS (Digital Massage Handling System), and TDLs (Tactical Data Links) such as LINK-11, 16, ISDL (Inter Site Data Link). When the TF executes naval operations to complete a mission, we are interested in the kill chain for the maritime operations in the TF. The kill chain is a standard procedure for the naval operations to crush enemy defenses. Although each ship has a procedure about a manual for 'how to fight', it leave something to be desired for the TF detailed kill chain currently. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the naval TF's kill chain to perform the naval operations. Then, the operational effectiveness of the TF in the kill chain environment is determined through operation scenarios of TDL system implementation. It is to see the operational information sharing effect to a data link model based on MND-AF OV 6c (statement of tracking operational status) in the maritime operations applied to TDL and is to identify improvements in information dissemination process. We made the kill chain of maritime TF for the effective naval operations.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.299-305
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• 1988

The phenotypes of hemoglobin, albumin and transferrin of 3U2 Jindo dogs in Jindo area were studied by starch gel electrophoresis for hemoglobin and albumin, and by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis for transferrin. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the hemoglobin phenotypes, three phenotypes, HbAA, HbAB and HbBB, which were controlled by two allelic genes, $Hb^A$ and $Hb^B$, were observed and their frequencies of appearance were 1.65%, 10.60% and 87.75% respectively. The distribution of gene frequency was calculated as 0.0695 in $Hb^A$ and 0.9305 in $Hb^B$. 2. In the albumin phenotypes, three phenotypes, Alb FF, Alb FS and Alb SS, which were controlled by two allelic genes, $AIb^F$ and $AIb^S$ were observed and their frequencies of appearance were 12.59%, 25.56% and 61.85% respectively. The distribution of gene frequency was calculated as 0.2537 in $AIb^F$ and 0.7463 in $AIb^S$. 3. Analysis of transferrin phenotypes showed 6 different types which were controlled by three allelic genes, $Tf^B$, $Tf^C$ and $Tf^D$ and their frequencies of appearance were 54.04% in TfBB, 17.54% in TfBC, 9.82% in TfBD, 8.07% in TfCC, 7.37% in TfCD and 3.16% in TfDD. The distribution of gene frequency was calculated as 0.6772 in $Tf^B$, 0.2053 in $Tf^C$ and 0.1175 in $Tf^D$.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.833-842
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• 2024

Objective: To assess the effect of a new lung enhancement filter combined with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm on image quality and ground-glass nodule (GGN) sharpness compared to hybrid iterative reconstruction or DLIR alone. Materials and Methods: Five artificial spherical GGNs with various densities (-250, -350, -450, -550, and -630 Hounsfield units) and 10 mm in diameter were placed in a thorax anthropomorphic phantom. Four scans at four different radiation dose levels were performed using a 256-slice CT (Revolution Apex CT, GE Healthcare). Each scan was reconstructed using three different reconstruction algorithms: adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V at a level of 50% (AR50), Truefidelity (TF), which is a DLIR method, and TF with a lung enhancement filter (TF + Lu). Thus, 12 sets of reconstructed images were obtained and analyzed. Image noise, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio were compared among the three reconstruction algorithms. Nodule sharpness was compared among the three reconstruction algorithms using the full-width at half-maximum value. Furthermore, subjective image quality analysis was performed. Results: AR50 demonstrated the highest level of noise, which was decreased by using TF + Lu and TF alone (P = 0.001). TF + Lu significantly improved nodule sharpness at all radiation doses compared to TF alone (P = 0.001). The nodule sharpness of TF + Lu was similar to that of AR50. Using TF alone resulted in the lowest nodule sharpness. Conclusion: Adding a lung enhancement filter to DLIR (TF + Lu) significantly improved the nodule sharpness compared to DLIR alone (TF). TF + Lu can be an effective reconstruction technique to enhance image quality and GGN evaluation in ultralow-dose chest CT scans.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 1997

Tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor), a membrane bound glycoprotein is an important initiating factor in blood coagulation cascade, which leads to the formation of thrombin by activating both factor X and IX. Activation of blood coagulation by TF is essential for blood injury, and stimulates the blood coagulation in myocardial infarction, cancer and blood coagulatory diseases. High density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-II were known to be biological TF inhibitors. Recently, studies on search for TF inhibitors from natural products have been active in Korea. Among the edible mushrooms screened for inhibitory activities on the TF, Lentinus edodes showed the most strong activity, followd by Agaricus bisporus and Ganoderma lucidium. And the fractionation of the above mushrooms with the chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and ethylacetate (EtOAc) was done and evaluated for the inhibitory activities on TF. In Ganoderma lucidium, $CHCl_3$ fraction and $H_2O$ layer were not active, but EtOAc fraction exhibited a strong inhibitory activity on TF and the $IC_{50}$ value was $1.07{\times}10^{-4}\;g$. In the case of Agaricus bisporus, there were no inhibitory activities on the TF in all of the fractions. $CHCl_3$ fraction and $H_2O$ layer of Lentinus edodes did not show inhibition on the TF but EtOAc fraction showed strong inhibition on the TF, and the $IC_{50}$ value was $7.70{\times}10^{-4}\;g$.