• Educational Technology International
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-77
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• 2012

The development of mobile devices and network technology is changing the ways in which people communicate with one another. Mobile text message has emerged as one of the most frequently used form of communication, which also gave rise to various non-verbal texts such as emoticons. Nonetheless, the use of text messages has largely been denied in education because text messages often involve colloquial and non-verbal texts considered inappropriate or grammatically incorrect by the teacher. In efforts to provide a theoretical framework to better understand mobile e-text communication, this research compared the practical usages of non-verbal texts in the mobile e-learning environment. The study developed three types of text messages according to the degree of using non-verbal texts and their phraseology as instructors' messages, which were then distributed to 259 students via mobile text messaging. The perceptions of students were analyzed using a semantic differential scale and a questionnaire. The results showed clear differences in students' perceptions of non-verbal text and traditional text, and that optimally designed non-verbal texts turned out to encourage the students' interaction the most out of the three types of text messages. Following the discussion of the results, an expanded theoretical framework beyond Ong's concepts of orality and literacy is also suggested to understand the evolution of mobile e-text communication in education.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

The purpose of the study is to investigate the preference by emoticon types according to the gender of sender, emotion types of message and intimacy with the recipient. Results show that women mostly prefer to use dynamic and imaged emoticon than men. However, the preference of using text messages increases when both men and women express uncomfortable emotion. Especially, when users send family messages, they tend to prefer for text message. And when users send close friends messages, the preference for dynamic and imaged emoticon is high. When users send distant friends messages, the similar tendency is shown regardless of emotion. These results can provide the information to use emoticon in the filed of education and take advantage in digital education and mobile education.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

This paper proposes how to support various media on online conversational activity using XML(extensible Markup Language). The method converts media information into XML based messages and handles alike conventional text based messages. The XML based messages are unified to an XML document, and then a HTML document is generated using the XML and an XSLT documents in a server. A user in each client can play or present media through the hyperlink that is associated media information on the HTML document. The suggested method supports use of various media (text, image, audio, video, documents, etc) and efficient maintenance of font size, color, and style on messages according to extension and modification of XML tags. For application, this paper implemented the system to support media that has client and server architecture on online conversational activity. A user in each client inputs text or media based message using JAVA applet and servlet on the system, and conversational messages on every users' interfaces are automatically updated whenever a user inputs new message. Media on conversational messages are played or presented according to a user's click on hyperlink. Applications for the media presentation are as follows : distance learning, online game, collaboration, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2595-2602
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• 2010

This paper introduces a mobile spam filtering system that considers the style of short text messages sent to mobile phones for detecting spam. The proposed system not only relies on the occurrence of content words as previously suggested but additionally leverages the style information to reduce critical cases in which legitimate messages containing spam words are mis-classified as spam. Moreover, the accuracy of spam classification is improved by normalizing the messages through the correction of word spacing and spelling errors. Experiment results using real world Korean text messages show that the proposed system is effective for Korean mobile spam filtering.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.192-204
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• 2014

Gist-based message design is essential in the Internet in which a lot of health messages are created and shared constantly. This study intended to identify the characteristics of health messages in a webzine and explore a way to design gist-based health messages. A total of 72 webzine articles published in Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were selected, and text and visual messages of the articles were analyzed in terms of content types, the frequency and position of gists, and intuitive expression. The articles were also categorized regarding the characteristics of health messages through cluster analyses. This study found that most texts of the health articles consisted of facts and methods, while most visual messages represented concepts. In addition, both text and visual messages had limitations in presenting a gist effectively. It was also necessary to explore an effective way to improve an intuitive understanding of jargon and quantitative information in health messages. Based on these findings, this study provided suggestions for the design of gist-based health messages in the Internet.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Text mining (TM) is most widely used to process the various unstructured text documents and process the data present in the various domains. The other name for text mining is text classification. This domain is most popular in many domains such as movie reviews, product reviews on various E-commerce websites, sentiment analysis, topic modeling and cyber bullying on social media messages. Cyber-bullying is the type of abusing someone with the insulting language. Personal abusing, sexual harassment, other types of abusing come under cyber-bullying. Several existing systems are developed to detect the bullying words based on their situation in the social networking sites (SNS). SNS becomes platform for bully someone. In this paper, An Enhanced text mining approach is developed by using Ensemble Algorithm (ETMA) to solve several problems in traditional algorithms and improve the accuracy, processing time and quality of the result. ETMA is the algorithm used to analyze the bullying text within the social networking sites (SNS) such as facebook, twitter etc. The ETMA is applied on synthetic dataset collected from various data a source which consists of 5k messages belongs to bullying and non-bullying. The performance is analyzed by showing Precision, Recall, F1-Score and Accuracy.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.12
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• pp.3139-3149
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• 1997

E-mail system has been widely used for information transmission. As multimedia technologies are developed, many Internet services support multimedia. E-mail system only transmits 7bit ASCII data using simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP) specified in RFC 821. E-mail system can't support the authoring and the transmission of multimedia data. In this study multimedia mail authoring system has been designed and implemented in order to provide message integration. Multimedia messages can be authored and transformed into text types with this system. Transformed messages are transmitted from sender's mail transfer agent (MTA) to receiver's MTA by means of SMTP. Messages can be authored in hypertext markup language (HTML) including text, image, audio and video. This system provides integrated messages which consist or various media. BASE64 Encoding method is used in order to transform multimedia messages into text types. Received mails are managed by multimedia user agent (MUA) which is proposed in this study. Convenience for user is improved in this system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.401-414
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of Korean older adults' use of Social Network Service (SNS) and text messages with frequency of contact with 1) non-coresident adult children, 2) siblings and relatives, or 3) friends, neighbors, and acquaintances. Data were drawn from the 2017 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons 65+ (N=8,392), and older adults were categorized into 4 groups depending on their familiarity with use of SNS and text messages. Ordinary Least Squares regression models were estimated for analyses. Results revealed that older users of both types of communication media reported frequent exchanges of calls, text messages, etc. with both family and friends. However, using SNS and text messages was consistently related to more face-to-face contact with non-family members. To conclude, older adults' familiarity with communication media could be key to exchanges of emotional and instrumental support with informal social network members and quality of life in the community. Overall, our results highlight the importance of information communication education targeting older adults for continued involvement with their informal social network members.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Cell phone users frequently send and receive text messages with emoticons in their everyday lives, but emoticon and its emotional effect on message in mobile context has not been focused on. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emotional effect of emoticons on interpretation of text message considering valent texts and emoticons. Study 1 showed the effect of valent emoticons on neutral message, and also revealed that existence of emoticon, regardless of its valence, decreases rigidness and increases familiarity of message. In Study 2 that used positive and negative text messages, we found that emoticon still affects assessing sender's mood state and emotion. Result of interaction between valences of text and emoticon showed that participants in condition of incongruent pairs felt more sarcasm.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

In this paper, we outline the user interface problems that the text messaging users face to provide empirical basis for developing better improved mobile text messaging system. Our initial hypothesis was that the majority of the problems that the text messaging users face, namely, 1) difficulty in correctly understanding the intent of the incoming messages and 2) problem with frequently mis-addressing the recipient of the outgoing messages, can be accounted for by the poor usability of the text messaging user interface. Our analysis is based on the text message-based communication diaries, which were recorded for one week by each and every one of 75 college students, and survey taken from the same subjects. The data was collected in 2004. The students listed various difficulties including the limited message length, obscure input method, lack of mean to express emotional content, lack of receipt confirmation, lack of auto save feature when preparing messages to send, and lack of means to permanently save messages. Some of these problems were also identified in the previous studies. However, we were able to gather additional problems that the users face and also elicit potential solutions to remedy the problems. From these findings and analysis, we attempted to provide ways to improve the text messaging user interface.