• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 1989

Since the first cases of tsutsugamushi disease reported in Korea in 1986. many cases has been reported and its occurrence has been increasing. Only 2 cases has been reported in Taegu city and Kyungpook area. We experienced an outbreak of 26 cases of tsutsugamushi disease in this area and their clinical manifestations are ; 1. The outbreak occurred in September to November in 1988 and its peak occurrence was in October. 2. Mean age was 52 years old (18 to 69 years old) and peak incidence was in the 6th decade. 3. Major symptoms and abnormal signs are fever/chills(88%), myalgia(65%), headache(54%), nausea and vomiting(31%), and abdominal pain(27%). The eschar was detected on lower part of body in most of cases. and more frequently in male(M : F 100 vs 58%). 4. Patients were treated with tetracyclines(TC) and/or chlorampenicol(CM) and mean duration of defervescence from initiation of antibiotic therapy was 2.1 days with TC and 2.5 days with CM. 5. Complications are 2 cases of meningitis and 1 cases of shock. and all cases were recovered without any sequlae. As above, tsutsugamushi disease occurs in Taegu city and Kyung Pook area as other part of Korea and clinical manifestations are similar to other reports.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2007

Veterinary antibiotics have been widely used to increase feed efficiency, to prevent disease, and to promote growth as well as to control disease. The antibiotics administered can be excreted through the urine and feces. One of the major routes of veterinary antibiotics entering soil and water environment is via the application of animal manure to agricultural land as an organic fertilizer source. Since little is known about impacts of antibiotics on the environment, this study was conducted to prioritize the veterinary antibiotics based on the consumption and potential to reach the environment. Among 83 veterinary antibiotics consumed in Korea, ten antibiotics were used at the greater dose than 25 Mg in 2004. Potential to reach the environment was determined according to excretion rate after administered to animals and sorption affinity to soil solids after applied to agricultural land. Seventeen antibiotic active ingredients (Ais) were classified as 'High' priority in terms of the potential to reach the environment. An overall priority score was determined by combining priority score based on consumption with the degree of potential environment exposure. Twenty veterinary antibiotic AIs were classified as 'Very high' or 'High' priority requiring detailed assessment. The antibiotic AIs were identified four aminoglycosides, two macrolides, two penicillins, five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines, two quinolones, and two miscellaneous. Eight veterinary antibiotic AIs including amoxicillin, carbadox, chlortetracycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, and tylosin were identified to have a greater priority of environmental risk in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.641-650
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of air and oxygen injected into the underwater non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD plasma) device used to remove five types of antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin) artificially contained in the fish farm discharge water. The voltage given to generate DBD plasma was 27.8 kV, and the measurement intervals were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 minutes. Tetracycline antibiotics significantly decreased in 4 minutes when air was injected and were reduced in 30 seconds when oxygen was injected. After the introduction of air and oxygen at 32 minutes, 78.1% and 95.8% of tetracycline were removed, 77.1% and 96.3% of doxycycline were removed, and 77.1% and 95.5% of oxytetracycline were removed, respectively. In air and oxygen, 59.6% and 83.0% of clindamycin and 53.3% and 74.3% of erythromycin were removed, respectively. The two antibiotics showed lower removal efficiency than tetracyclines. In conclusion, fish farm discharge water contains five different types of antibiotics that can be reduced using underwater DBD plasma, and oxygen gas injection outperformed air in terms of removal efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2014

Community-acquired antimicrobial resistant bacteria are an emerging problem world-wide. In Korea, resistant bacteria are more prevalent than in other industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolation frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), Pseudomonas, and Enterobacteriaceae from surrounding environment (home, colleges, public transportation system and possessions) in Seoul, and to examine the level of drug resistance to 13 antimicrobial agents, which are in wide spread clinical use in Korea, as well as new agent, tigecycline in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Of total 239 samples, 18 (7.5%) MRS, 10 (4.2%) Pseudomonas, and 30 (12.6%) Entarobacteriaceae were isolated. A total of 5 (2.1%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were detected in home (2 samples), colleges (1 sample), and et cetera (2 sample). A total of 5 (2.1%) Escherichia coli were detected in in home (1 samples), public transportations (3 sample), and et cetera (1 sample). Resistance to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, ${\beta}$-lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was found in 71.9%, 71.9%, 68.8%, 68.8%, 50.0%, and 25.0% of 32 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, respectively. Also, resistance rate to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole of the isolates was a 43.8%. Moreover, 59.4% of the isolates were resistant to new agent, tigecycline and resistance to all agents tested was observed in 3 isolates. Five E. coli isolates were resistant to most of the agents tested, but some of them were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. This study can serve as a data point for future comparisons of possible changes in antibiotic resistance levels in surrounding environment. And multilateral strategies for preventing the incidence and spread of antibiotic resistance are needed.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 1997

The possibility of identification of families of antibacterial agent residues in fish tissue was studied by disk assay using three test organisms, Bacillus subtilis BGA, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, and Bacillus cereus var. mycoides ATCC 11778. In the present method, a simple clean-up procedure was performed to obtain the aqueous solution from homogenized flounder muscle sample(10g) in Mcilvaine buffer. Then, aqueous solution was fractionated into A and B to be used in disk assay by choloroform and Sep-Pak $C_{18}$ cartridge column after being defatted in hexane. The chloroform layer of fraction A was used for the analysis of macrolide antibiotics(ML), sulfa drugs(SA), chloramphenicol(CP), and quinolone antibiotics(QN). Adsorbed materials to Sep-Pak $C_{18}$ of fraction B were also employed for the analysis of penicillins(PC), tetracyclines(TC), and nitrofuran derivatives(NF) Minimun-detectable concentrations by the present method were, $0.1{\mu}g$/g for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, spiramycin and ciprofloxacin, $0.025{\mu}g$/g for erythromycin and ampicillin, $1.0{\mu}g$/g for sodium nifurstyrenate and florfenical, $0.25{\mu}g$/g for sulfamonomethoxie and sulfadimethoxine, $2.5{\mu}g$/g for oxolinic acid and flumequine, and $15{\mu}g$/g for piromidic acid, respectively. Three test organisms showed different sensitivity patterns for each family of antibacterial agent. Sensitivity patterns were B. cereus > B. subtilis > M. luteus for TC and NF, M. luteus > B, subtilis > B. cereus for ML and PC, B. cereus = B. subtilis > M. luteus for CP and QN, and B. subtilis > B. cereus＝M. luteus for SA. The present method utilizing these characteristics could be useful as a routine screening test for the determination of family of antibacterial agent residues in fish tissue.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.10
• /
• pp.845-854
• /
• 2009

There has been increased concern regarding the release of antibiotics to different environmental compartments due to the possibility of the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, limited information is available regarding the occurrence, fate, and transport of antibiotics in Korea in both the aqueous phase and in solid phases such as sediment and soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to monitor the concentration of released antibiotics in surface water, sediment, and soil adjacent to a cattle manure composting facility in Korea. Specifically, the following six antibiotics were monitored: tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfathiazole (STZ). To extract and quantify the antibiotics from different environmental compartments, solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) techniques were adopted. The concentration of the six antibiotics ranged from below the detection limit (BDL) to 0.71 ${\mu}g$/L in surface water, from BDL to 27.61 ${\mu}g$/L in sediment, and from 0.12 to 157.33 ${\mu}g$/L in soil. In addition, higher concentrations of antibiotics were observed in surface water and sediment at locations closer to the composting facility indicating that composting is the source of the antibiotics found in the environment. Furthermore, higher concentrations of antibiotics were observed in the solid phase (sediment and soil) than the aqueous phase. These findings indicate that the possibility of antibiotic resistant bacteria is increased because such bacteria are more stable in the solid phase. Overall, longterm monitoring of the aqueous phase and solid phase is necessary to gain a better understanding of the impact of antibiotics from source on the environment in Korea.