• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

Weathered granite zone exists in most regions of Korea and it is often used as a bearing stratum of geotechnical structures. So it is very important to estimate the characteristics of weathered granite zone. SPT (Standard penetration test) is usually performed to investigate the characteristics of the weathered zone because undisturbed samples suitable for laboratory testing are hardly retrieved. PMT (Pressuremeter test) can reliably evaluate the in situ stress-strain behavior, but it is rarely conducted because of their high cost and time-consuming procedure. In this study, the correlation between the SPT-N values and the PMT results, obtained from the weathered granite zone, was analyzed. Empirical equations for pressuremeter modulus (E_m) and limit pressure (P_L) were suggested and compared with the previous research.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.135-147
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• 2015

Remediation of metal(loid)s-contaminated sites is crucial to protect human and ecosystem. Solidification and stabilization of metal(loid)s by the binder amendment is one of the cost-effective technologies. In this study, metal (loid)s in various field-contaminated soils obtained from steel-making, metal refinery and mining tillage were immobilized by the application of single binders such as diammonium phosphate (DAP), lime, and ladle slag. The efficiency of solidification and stabilization was evaluated by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the Standard, Measurements and Testing programme of European Union (SM&T) extraction processes. In terms of TCLP extraction, the binder was effective in order of lime > DAP > ladle slag. All binders were highly effective in the immobilization of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd. The increased immobilization efficiency is attributed to the increase in the Step III and IV fractions of the SM&T extraction. Lime and ladle slag were highly effective in the immobilization of the metal(loid)s, however, As release increased with DAP due to competition between the phosphate originated from DAP and arsenate. A further study is needed for the better immobilization of multi metal(loid)s using binary binders.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-179
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• 2006

The measurement of informatization program effectiveness continues to be a central concern of both academics and practitioners. However, most studies of it have been inclined too heavily toward testing validity and reliability of evaluation measure to strengthen the theoretical rigor. Drawbacks of this approach have been pointed out as being unsuitable for evaluating the effectiveness of informatization program due to lack of practical relevance. The paper comprises four sections to solve the problem. 1) Through literature review of theoretical conceptual models in IS effectiveness and the domestic and foreign cases on informatization program, we establish the evaluation framework which consists of evaluation phases, 6 evaluation areas, and 22 evaluation items, and developed evaluation measures of each items. 2) Different researchers have addressed different aspects of attribute of measure. With comparing them to each other, 3 mutually exclusive criteria on coincidence analysis(usability of measurement. reliability of measurement. and validity of content) are identified. 3) Data are gathered from respondents in informatizaiton program-related organizations such as policy agency, management agency, support agency, and recipient agency. 4) The degree of coincidence of each evaluation measure are analyzed by course of an coincidence analysis procedure, which includes the reliability test, arithmetical test, and criteria validity test. The academic implication of this study is that researchers can gain an insight into the coincidence analysis to approach the problem of deciding on an indicator of performance for informatization program. There is also practical implication for applying the potential means of improving the practical relevance of conducting evaluating the informatization program.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2008

Recently, various damages such as corrosion of rebar, scaling on concrete pavement and environmental deteriorations caused by using the chloride-containing deicer have been reported. To solve these problems, several substitute deicers have been developed by other researchers. However, studies on evaluation of performance for the developed deicers have been limited in the basic laboratory testing. It is necessary to establish the resonable and systematic test procedure for evaluating the deicing performance. In this study, rational and practical test methods were set up through literature review and deicing performance of Eco-Friendly Deicer(EFD), which is a kind of low chloride-containing deicer developed by our research group, was evaluated by the presented test methods. As results of the laboratory tests, initial deicing performance of EFD was similar with that of Pre-Wetted Salt(PWS) which has been used in highway deicing and it was verified by executed field tests in twice that EFD had passable deicing performance compare with PWS.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.382-386
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• 2006

A total number of 20 cat samples including 8 parentage testing and 12 individual identification were genotyped. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal swab, and genotyped by using 10 microsatellite markers (FCA005, FCA26, FCA224, FCA240, FCA453, FCA293, FCA075, FCA105, FCA229, and FCA651). This method consisted of single PCR procedure and showed reasonable amplification of all PCR products. Genotypes were determined by genetic analyzer. The number of alleles per locus of cats varied from 3 to 8 with a mean value of 5.5. Expected heterozygosity was ranged from 0.390 to 0.827 (mean 0.639) and the total exclusion probability of 10 microsatellite loci was 0.9441. Of the 10 markers, FCA240 marker has relatively high PIC value (>0.7). Of the 8 cats, 7 cats were qualified by compatibility according to the Mendelism. These results can give basic information for developing parentage verification and individual identification system in cat.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.143-150
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of solder joint between gold alloy and nickel-chromium alloy. The specimens were made with type III gold alloys and Ni-Cr-Be alloy and Degular Lot 2 solder. Eighteen paired specimens were made, and subdivided into three groups. Group I specimens were gold alloy-gold alloy combination, Group II specimens were gold alloy-Ni-Cr alloy combination, Group III specimens were Ni-Cr alloy-Ni-Cr alloy combination. Solder block were made with solder investment(Degussa A,G, Germany) and stored in room temperature for 24 hours. To reduce the formation of metallic oxide and increase wetting properties, flux was used before preheating and soldering procedure. The specimens were preheated at $650^{\circ}C$ and flux were applied again and gas-oxygen torch was used to solder the specimen. All soldered specimens were subjected to a tensile force in the Instron universal testing machine : the crosshead speed was 1 mm/mim. Tensile strength values of three soldered joint groups were 1. Gold alloy-Gold alloy solder joint : $$48.8kg/mm^2$$ 2. Gold alloy-Ni-Cr alloy solder joint : $$30.9kg/mm^2$$ 3. Ni-Cr alloy-Ni-Cr alloy solder joint : $$31.8kg/mm^2$$ The microscopic examination of fracture site showed cohesive and combination fracture modes in gold alloy specimens, but showed all adhesive fracture modes in Ni-Cr alloy containing specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 1999

In order to assess the quality and depth of ground densification by compaction, SPT and/or CPT are performed before and after compaction. Both methods are intrusive and one point tests, require a substantial time to evaluate a large area, and their results are quite dependent on the operation technique and soil type. In this paper, the quality and extent of ground densification by compaction was evaluated by using in situ SASW test and laboratory resonant column (RC) test results. SASW test was used to determine the shear wave velocity profiles before and after compaction, and RC test was adopted to determine the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and the density of the site, which is almost uniquely independent of confinement. Testing and data reduction procedures of both tests were discussed, and a simplified evaluation procedure of ground densification was proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by performing field study at Inchon International Airport Project. Field densities determined by the proposed method matched well with those determined by sand cone tests.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2010

Sericin pulverization process was applied by freezing-thawing of sericin protein concentration solution and physicochemical properties of sericin/chitosan blended films were investigated. In sericin pulverization process by freezing-thawing method, the refrigeration storage at $4^{\circ}C$ maximized gelling between sericin molecules, which increased 10% of recovery ratio from sericin concentration solution that using ultrafiltration procedure. In physicochemical properties of sericin/chitosan blended films, the maximum load of chitosan (6.7kgf) had higher than that of sericin (1.2kgf), and the elongation of sericin and chitosan had 96% and 34%, respectively. Also FT-IR analysis of sericin/chitosan blended films showed that both sericin and chitosan films had amide I peak (N-H bond) in $1,521cm^{-1}$ and amide II peak (C=O bond) in $1,630cm^{-1}$. In addition, it could confirm compatibility between both materials as indicated by the decrease in the amide I peak's absorption value as chitosan content increases.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2007

Objectives : It was to translate three neck and spinal pain disability questionnaires - the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and the Functional Rating Index (FRI) - into Korean language, and evaluate the psychometric properties of Korean versions of questionnaires to achieve a good cross-cultural adaptation. Methods : Forty (23 males, 17 females) subjects aged from 15 to 64 years old, participated to examine test-retest reliability. One hundred and eighty (76 males, 104 females) subjects with a primary diagnosis of non-specific neck pain and 81 healthy volunteers were undertaken to examine internal consistemcy, discriminative validity and longitudinal construct validity. Versions of each questionnaire in idiomatic modern Korean were developed using a procedure proposed by Beaton et al. (2000). To assess reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC $_{(2,1)}$) was calculated. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Discriminative validity was examined with independent-group t-tests. Responsiveness was tested by calculating the effect size and standardized response mean for each questionnaire and using Pearson' s r and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results : Test-retest reliability ofthe translated versions of the three disability questionnaires was excellent (ICC $_{(2,1)$ = 0.86-0.90). High internal consistency was found in the three disability questionnaires (Cronbach's alpha ranged from ${\alpha}=0.88$ for the FRI to ${\alpha}=0.96$ for the NPDS and 0.82 for the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SFMPQ)). the VAS subscale of the SFMPQ was found to be the most responsive of the subscales (ES=1.44, SRM=1.37). The VAS was also the most responsive pain and disability index in internal responsiveness analysis, although disability indices showed marginally better responsiveness when compared with external standards. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions : It is concluded that the questionnaires were successfully translated and exhibit acceptable measurement properties, and may suggest that they are suitable for use in clinical and research application.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2016

Lane Keeping Assistance System (LKAS) is a kind of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) which are developed to automate/ adapt/ enhance vehicle systems for safety and better driving. The main system function of LKAS is to support the driver in keeping the vehicle within the current lane. LKAS acquires information on the position of the vehicle within the lane and, when required, sends commands to actuators to influence the lateral movement of the vehicle. Recently, the vehicles equipped with LKAS are commercially available in a few vehicle-advanced countries and the installation of LKAS increases for safety enhancement. The test procedures for LKAS evaluations are being discussed and developed in the international committees such as ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). In Korea, the evaluations of LKAS for vehicle safety are planned to be introduced in 2016 KNCAP (Korean New Car Assessment Program). Therefore, the test procedures of LKAS suitable for domestic road and traffic conditions, which accommodate international standards, should be developed. In this paper, some bullet points of the test procedures for LKAS are discussed and proposed by extensive researches of previous documents and reports, which are released in public in regard to lateral test procedures including LKAS and Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS). And then, to evaluate the validity of the proposed test procedures, a series of experiments were conducted using commercially available two vehicles equipped with LKAS. Later, it can be helpful to make a draft considering domestic traffic situations for test procedures of LKAS.