• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1127-1134
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• 2003

Background. Although there have been a great number of research studies based on the model of uncertainty in illness, few studies have considered the appraisal portion of model. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effect of appraisal in the model of uncertainty in illness. Additionally, this study aimed to examine the relationships among uncertainty, symptom severity, appraisal, and anxiety in patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Methods. This study employed a descriptive correlational and cross-sectional survey design using a face-to-face interview method. Patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation within the previous 6 months prior to data collection were interviewed by Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community Form, appraisal scale, Symptom Checklist-Severity V.3, and State Anxiety Inventory. Results. A total of 81 patients with atrial fibrillation were recruited from two large urban medical centers in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.. Symptom severity was the significant variable in explaining uncertainty ($\beta$=0.34). Individuals with greater symptom severity perceived more uncertainty. Uncertainty was appraised as a danger rather than opportunity, and those with greater uncertainty appraised a greater danger (p<.0l). While the appraisal of opportunity had the negative relationship with anxiety (r=-0.25), the appraisal of danger was positively associated with anxiety (r=0.78). The measure of goodness of fit (Q) of the model was .7863, and the significant test (X$^2$) for the Q was statistically significant (df =3, p<.00l). Accordingly, the overall mediating model of uncertainty in illness was proven not to be fit to the empirical data of patients with atrial fibrillation. Consequently, the mediating effect of appraisal was not supported by the empirical data of this study. Conclusion. The findings of this study were discussed in terms of their relevance compared with those of previous studies or theoretical framework and the plausible explanations on study findings. Lastly, in order to expand the present body of knowledge on uncertainty in illness model, recommendations for the future nursing studies were included.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.292-299
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• 2014

Purpose: This is a study on the structural model that aims to build a path model of multivariates affecting the quality of health-related living for liver cirrhosis patients and specify causal relations affecting the quality of health-related living for liver cirrhosis patients. Methods: The research was conducted on 244 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and the data were collected from July 2013 to January 2014. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical programs. Results: All the fit indexes of the path model properly met the assessment criteria. Anxiety, depression, functional status, and perceived health directly affected the quality of health-related living for liver cirrhosis patients and anxiety, depression, and functional status directly affected perceived health. Social support, anxiety, and depression directly affected the functional status. Conclusion: It is necessary to segment the severity of liver cirrhosis in testing its direct and indirect effects on the quality of health-related living for patients with the condition.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2018

Purpose: A mediated model of Korean college students' problem gambling based on Blaszczynski and Nower's pathway model is developed and tested to explore mediating roles of self-control and irrational gambling beliefs in the association between emotionally vulnerable variables and problem gambling. Methods: 273 student participants recruited from 4 universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea responded. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, depression, anxiety, coping styles, irrational gambling belief, and self-control. Results: The modified research model provides a reasonable fit to the data. Depression, anxiety, reflective coping, irrational beliefs, and self-control turned out to have direct effects on problem gambling, while indirect effects were reported in some suppressive and reactive styles. These predictors account for 38% of the college students' problem gambling. Conclusion: The findings suggest that developing intervention programs for reducing depression, anxiety, irrational gambling beliefs, and increasing reflective coping and self-control are needed to prevent Korean college students'problem gambling.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.23-37
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• 2022

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has contributed more challenges for mothers as the family's primary caregiver in overcoming the widespread infection. Pandemic-related information is essential for mothers to reduce uncertainty as well as to maintain the health of family members during this unprecedented situation. Adopting the framework of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving, this study extends the theory by, first, testing the mediating role of COVID-19 anxiety on mothers' information seeking and information forwarding, referred to as active communication action of problem solving, as well as preventive behavior; and second, by predicting the effect of information seeking on preventive behavior. Referring to an online survey from 371 Indonesian mothers, the findings suggest that in terms of direct effect, only problem recognition was found to have no significant effect on situational motivation. The results suggest that Indonesian mothers perceive COVID-19 as personally relevant so that they are motivated to solve the problem by seeking and forwarding related information. In addition, COVID-19 anxiety was found to play a significant role in predicting information seeking, information forwarding, and preventive behavior. The result of this study is expected to give insights for risk communicators and health professionals in Indonesia in communicating COVID-19, particularly to mothers.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2021

The purpose of the present study is to compare the differences in levels per group of high school students regarding the self-regulated learning factors for mathematics. For this purpose, a self-regulated learning measurement tool was developed and surveys were conducted. And the statistical analysis was completed using the frequency analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. As a result, it is found that self-efficacy is of statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications but test anxiety does not show statistically significant differences in self-regulated learning levels regardless of the group classifications.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

Panic disorder is a common psychiatric illness that causes considerable morbidity. However, the biological basis of panic disorder remains unclear. In this report, we present and summarize the current literature on functional neuroimaging studies related to the neurobiology of panic disorder. The findings were summarized and divided into six groups : (1) known brain structures related to anxiety, especially panic disorder ; (2) structural results ; (3) functional imaging studies at rest ; (4) functional imaging studies with challenge testing ; (5) neuroreceptor studies ; and (6) changes in the treatment of panic disorder. Based on the findings of these neuroimaging studies, it seems as though panic disorder involves the hippocampal and parahippocampal areas, including the amygdala, as well as some cortical regions, such as the temporal and prefrontal cortices. Panic disorder is known to be associated with an imbalance between the right and left hemispheres of the brain at rest or during panic attacks. During a panic attack, patients with panic disorder are likely to experience an increase in local activity in the cingulate, insula, midbrain, and so on. On the other hand, a widespread reduction in the cortical areas has also been reported in most provocation studies. Thus, panic disorder may be related to the excess activation of the fear networks in response to subtle environmental cues and insufficient inhibition from higher cortical control areas ; however ; further studies are recommended in order to fully understand the neurobiology of panic disorder.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 1983

The purposes of this study were to(a) develop theoretical modifications of the extended gate control theory of pain using Fishbein's model and（b) test the efficacy of these modifications. Attitude, social subjective norm, personal subjective norm, habit and state anxiety were operationalized to represent internal stimuli for the cognitive-evaluative and motivational-affective dimensions of the theory. Pain expression was operationalized as sensory and affective responses to pain, and pain endurance. Sixty-two female nurses from 20 to 50 years of age participated. A semantic differential scale measured attitude and motivations to comply; a Likerty-type scale measured personal and social norms and habit. Spielberger's STAI measured state anxiety, Pain was produced using a modified submaximum effort tourniquet technique. Pair expression was measured using ratio scales of sensory intensity and unpleasantness developed by Gracely and his associates. Pain endurance was measured by subtracting time of pain threshold from pain tolerance. The first hypothesis examining whether pain endurance would be more significantly related to the affective response than to the sensory response was net rejected. Four remaining hypotheses, testing the ability of the five variables to predict the sensory and affective responses were not rejected. However, the habit of pain expression and the attitude toward pain expression contributed to the prediction of both sensory and affective responses to pain. The interaction between the cognitive-evaluative and the sensory-discriminative dimensions and the interaction between the cognitive-evaluative and motivational-affective dimensions were partially supported by the data from these two variables. The interaction between the motivational-affective and the sensory-discriminative dimensions was also supported by the relationship of sensory to affective responses. The variables which did not significantly predict pain expression appeared to have potential for prediction. Revision and testing of the tools for better reliability, validity, and clinical usuability are needed. The study contributed to theory building. The identification of variables which pre-dict pain behavior must occur before effective nursing interventions can be developed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 2022

With the increase of video conferencing users and the development of technology, the situations where video conferencing is used and the layout of video conferencing interfaces are diversifying. Social anxiety affects video conferencing communication and is closely related to the self-view function, which is characteristic of video conferencing. The self-view function is part of the video conferencing interface that provides a small preview of one's own camera feed. Self-view is known to degrade work performance and cause fatigue; however, it is set as the default function on video conferencing software in a way that users generally prefer. This study used an online survey to study the effect of task orientation, preferred self-view size, and social anxiety on video feedback preference. Participants responded to questions assessing work orientation, social anxiety level, preferred self-view size, and self-view preference. The results showed that preferred self-view size mediates task orientation and video feedback preference. There was no significant difference in the mediating effect of the preferred self-view size according to the degree of social anxiety. These results offer insights into the interactions between users and video conferencing software and provide information that can be useful for designing video conferencing interfaces.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1069-1080
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a socioculturally-appropriate psychosocial intervention program for Korean patients with breast cancer and test its effects on stress, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies. Methods: One group pretest and posttest design was used to test the effects of the intervention. A post-intervention interview was conducted to refine the nature of the intervention. A convenience sample of 10 breast cancer survivors was recruited from the outpatients clinics. Psychosocial intervention was developed to provide the health education, stress management, coping skill training and support weekly(90min) for 6 weeks. Results: There was a significant decrease in stress scores following the intervention(Z= -2.388, p=0.017). However, no significant changes were noted in the use of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, nor in the changes of anxiety and depression levels. Content analysis of interview data revealed six clusters; changes in perception, changes in problem solving approaches, changes in anger management, changes in life pattern, social support and reduction of perceived stress. Conclusions: Based on quantitative and qualitative data, we recommend the refinements of the intervention in the following areas for future studies: 1) duration, activities, and progression of psychosocial intervention; 2) research design and sample size; and 3) measurements.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2020

Radiation Following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, public interest and anxiety about radiation safety increased, and vague anxiety about commonly exposed living radiation was generated. The Atomic Energy Safety Commission has been conducting a survey of processed products that advertise "negative ions" and "far-infrared" emissions under the Living Radiation Safety Management Act. In this study, in-depth analysis was performed from a statistical point of view using the measurement data presented in the Nuclear Safety Committee's actual survey analysis report as secondary data. As a result, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.005) between latex and civil affairs products. There were also statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the results of testing whether there were significant differences in the annual exposure dose between groups after categorizing 71 civil products, including radon beds, into bed, bedding, and living and other categories. The correlation analysis results also confirm that, as is commonly known, the annual doses received from processed products are associated with radon derived from U-238 and Th-232.