• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.650-660
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• 2006

Recently, according to increase in production of pond snails resulting from the widespread organic farming, organic farmers are showing a lot of interests in the promotion of consumption and extending the market of pond snails. This study was performed to suggest the process of product development of the ready-to-eat pond-snail Mandu as a health food, to show the results of market test of the pilot product, and to investigate the change of the sensory characteristics during storage periods. For the market test of pond-snail Mandu, the survey was developed and delivered to consumers. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts such as respondents demographic characteristics, customer's perception of pond-snail Mandu before tasting, and customer's perception of that after tasting. And the market test was carried out with university students, welfare institution residents and apartment residents in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. As a result of the test, the most important purchasing factors were determined in the order of taste (49.5%), hygienic quality (12.5%), nutritional value (10%) and price (9%). And only 4.2% of respondents selected brand name as an important purchasing factor. After tasting pond-snail Mandu, consumers had suggested the better taste (t=6.986, p<0.000) and price (t=2.082, p<0.05) than those of before tasting. In response to favorable impression of pond-snail Mandu, 54.5% of total respondents evaluated positively. The favorable impressions came from iron-rich Mandu (27.6%), high protein and nutritious Mandu (24.4%), calcium-rich Mandu (17.9%), diet Mandu (13.3%), and delicious Mandu (12.5%) respectively. Sensory characteristics of pond-snail Mandu were evaluated by professional panels in terms of the softness of Mandu skin, chewiness, moistness, toothpacking, color, aroma, saltiness, and degree of plain, taste, and aftertaste. The evaluation of sensory characteristics on a 7-point scale, showed that softness of mandu skin (4.44) and aftertaste (4.11) got a low scores. The statistical difference of the tastes (p>0.05) was not founded by storage period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Based on the result, the improvement of these characteristics are desired in developing the pond-snail Mandu. Research method applied to this study can be useful for developing a new product.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.2 s.163
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• pp.161-178
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• 2006

Heathcote (1998) identified a systematic, seven-step approach to general watershed planning and management. It consists of 1) understanding watershed components and processes, 2) identifying and ranking problems to be solved, 3) setting clear and specific goals, 4) developing a list of management options, 5) eliminating infeasible options 6) testing the effectiveness of remaining feasible options, and 7) developing the final options. In this study the first five steps of that process were applied to the Anyangcheon watershed in Korea, which experiences streamflow depletion, frequent flood damages, and poor water quality typical of highly urbanized watersheds. This study employed four indices: Potential Flood Damage(PFD), Potential Streamflow Depletion(PSD), Potential Water Quality Deterioration(PWQD) and Watershed Evaluation Index(WEI) to identify and quantify problems within the watershed. WEI is the integration index of the others. Composite programming which is a method of multi-criteria decision making is applied for the calculation of PSD, PWQD and WEI (Step 2). The primary goal of the study is to secure instreamflow in the Anyangcheon during dry seasons. The second management goals of flood damage mitigation and water quality enhancement are also set (Step 3). Management options include not only structural measures that can alter the existing conditions, but also nonstructural measures that rely on changes in human behavior or management practices (Step 4). Certain management options which are not technically, economically, and environmentally feasible, are eliminated (Step S). Therefore, this study addresses a Pre-feasibility study, which established a master plan using Steps 1 through 5.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to confirm whether there is a factor to affect the evaluation of fit test of a 2nd class half masks using a OPC test method. Methods: Total 34 adults including Males and Females were tested using OPC-based fit testing equipment while wearing a 2nd class half filtered mask. Results: 1. The result of measuring face dimensions using different tools such as a 3D scanner and digital calipers revealed that the variation of lip width was not statistically significant because there was only a difference of about 4 mm. However, it showed that a difference in face length was statistically significant enough with 10 mm(p<0.000). 2. The fit factor for each exercise stage according to gender was the highest at 124.54(p<0.001) in Step 3, and the fit factor was the lowest at 73.75 in Step 1. 3. In the evaluation of the degree of fit factor according to gender, female passed 67.44%, which was higher than the value in male(p<0.038). 4. The acceptance rate of the group having a face length of shorter than 110 mm was 91.67%. On the other hand, the acceptance rate of the group with a face length of longer than 110 mm was 47.27%(p<0.000). 5. The fit test was possible because the fit factor with 2nd class half masks corresponding to FFP1(Filtering Face Piece 1) was passed 55% or more. Conclusions: The test results showed that using a 2nd class half filtered mask, it is important to wear a properly designed mask so that face size does not affect the fit factor.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5D
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• pp.635-644
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• 2009

Image processing technique in the outdoor environment is very sensitive, and it tends to lose a lot of accuracy when it rapidly changes by outdoor environment. Therefore, in order to calculate accurate traffic information using the traffic monitoring system, we must resolve removing shadow in transition time, Distortion by the vehicle headlights at night, noise of rain, snow, and fog, and occlusion. In the research, we developed a system to calibrate the amount of traffic, speed, and time occupancy by using image processing technique in a variety of outdoor environments change. This system were tested under outdoor environments at the Gonjiam test site, which is managed by Korea Institute of Construction Technology (www.kict.re.kr) for testing performance. We evaluated the performance of traffic information, volume counts, speed, and occupancy time, with 4 lanes (2 lanes are upstream and the rests are downstream) from the 16th to 18th December, 2008. The evaluation method performed as based on the standard data is a radar detection compared to calculated data using image processing technique. The System evaluation results showed that the amount of traffic, speed, and time occupancy in period (day, night, sunrise, sunset) are approximately 92-97% accuracy when these data compared to the standard data.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2014

Keeping in line with the recent changes in the information technology environment, the online learning environment that supports multiple users' participation such as MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) has become important. One of the largest professional associations in Information Technology, IEEE Computer Society, announced that "Supporting New Learning Styles" is a crucial trend in 2014. Popular MOOC services, CourseRa and edX, have continued to build active learning environment with a large number of lectures accessible anywhere using smart devices, and have been used by an increasing number of users. In addition, collaborative web services (e.g., blogs and Wikipedia) also support the creation of various user-uploaded learning materials, resulting in a vast amount of new lectures and learning materials being created every day in the online space. However, it is difficult for an online educational system to keep a learner' motivation as learning occurs remotely, with limited capability to share knowledge among the learners. Thus, it is essential to understand which materials are needed for each learner and how to motivate learners to actively participate in online learning system. To overcome these issues, leveraging the constructivism theory and collective intelligence, we have developed a social bookmarking system called WeStudy, which supports learning material sharing among the users and provides personalized learning material recommendations. Constructivism theory argues that knowledge is being constructed while learners interact with the world. Collective intelligence can be separated into two types: (1) collaborative collective intelligence, which can be built on the basis of direct collaboration among the participants (e.g., Wikipedia), and (2) integrative collective intelligence, which produces new forms of knowledge by combining independent and distributed information through highly advanced technologies and algorithms (e.g., Google PageRank, Recommender systems). Recommender system, one of the examples of integrative collective intelligence, is to utilize online activities of the users and recommend what users may be interested in. Our system included both collaborative collective intelligence functions and integrative collective intelligence functions. We analyzed well-known Web services based on collective intelligence such as Wikipedia, Slideshare, and Videolectures to identify main design factors that support collective intelligence. Based on this analysis, in addition to sharing online resources through social bookmarking, we selected three essential functions for our system: 1) multimodal visualization of learning materials through two forms (e.g., list and graph), 2) personalized recommendation of learning materials, and 3) explicit designation of learners of their interest. After developing web-based WeStudy system, we conducted usability testing through the heuristic evaluation method that included seven heuristic indices: features and functionality, cognitive page, navigation, search and filtering, control and feedback, forms, context and text. We recruited 10 experts who majored in Human Computer Interaction and worked in the same field, and requested both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the system. The evaluation results show that, relative to the other functions evaluated, the list/graph page produced higher scores on all indices except for contexts & text. In case of contexts & text, learning material page produced the best score, compared with the other functions. In general, the explicit designation of learners of their interests, one of the distinctive functions, received lower scores on all usability indices because of its unfamiliar functionality to the users. In summary, the evaluation results show that our system has achieved high usability with good performance with some minor issues, which need to be fully addressed before the public release of the system to large-scale users. The study findings provide practical guidelines for the design and development of various systems that utilize collective intelligence.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

Purpose: Machine Performance Check (MPC) is a self-checking software based on the Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) to measure daily beam outputs without external installation. The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness of MPC by comparing and correlating daily beam output of QA Beamchecker PLUS. Materials and Methods: Linear accelerator (Truebeam 2.5) was used to measure 10 energies which are composed of photon beams(6, 10, 15 MV and 6, 10 MV-FFF) and electron beams(6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 MeV). A total of 80 cycles of data was obtained by measuring beam output measurement before treatment over five months period. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the consistency of the beam output between the MPC and the QA Beamchecker PLUS. In this study, if the Pearson correlation coefficient is; (1) 0.8 or higher, the correlation is very strong (2) between 0.6 and 0.79, the correlation is strong (3) between 0.4 and 0.59, the correlation is moderate (4) between 0.2 and 0.39, the correlation is weak (5) lower than 0.2, the correlation is very weak. Results: Output variations observed between MPC and QA Beamchecker PLUS were within 2 % for photons and electrons. The beam outputs variations of MPC were $0.29{\pm}0.26%$ and $0.30{\pm}0.26%$ for photon and electron beams, respectively. QA Beamchecker PLUS beam outputs were $0.31{\pm}0.24%$ and $0.33{\pm}0.24%$ for photon and electron beams, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between MPC and QA Beamchecker PLUS indicated that photon beams were very strong at 15 MV, and strong at 6 MV, 10 MV, 6 MV-FFF and 10 MV-FFF. For electron beams, the Pearson correlation coefficient were strong at 16 MeV and 20 MeV, moderate at 9 MeV and 12 MeV, and very weak at 6 MeV. Conclusion: MPC showed significantly strong correlation with QA Beamchecker PLUS when testing with photon beams and high-energy electron beams in the evaluation of daily beam output, but the correlation when testing with low-energy electron beams (6 MeV) appeared to be low. However, MPC and QA Beamchecker PLUS are considered to be suitable for checking daily beam output, as they performed within 2 % of beam output consistency during the observation. MPC which can perform faster than the conventional daily beam output measurement tool, is considered to be an effective method for users.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

Truck Shipment Safety Information, which is a part of the development of NERIS is divided into Optimal Route Guidance System and Emergency Response System. This research is for establishing an advance warning system, which aims for preventing damages(fire, explosion, gas-escape etc.) and detecting incidents that are able to happen during transporting hazardous materials in advance through monitoring the position of moving vehicles and the state of hazardous materials in real-time. This research is peformed to confirm the practical possibility of application of the advance warning system that monitors whether the hazardous materials transport vehicles move the allowed routes, finds the time and the location of incidents of the vehicles promptly and develops the emergency system that is able to respond to the incidents as well by using the technologies of CPS, CDMA and CIS with testing the ability of performance. As the results of the test, communication accuracies are 99$\%$ in freeway, 96$\%$ in arterial, 97$\%$ in hilly sections, 99$\%$ in normal sections, 96$\%$ in local sections, 99$\%$ in urban sections and 98$\%$ in tunnels. According to those results, the system has been recorded a high success rate of communication that enough to apply to the real site. However, the weak point appeared through the testing is that the system has a limitation of communication that is caused in the rural areas and certain areas where are fewer antennas that make communication possible between on-board unit and management server. Consequently, for the practical use of this system, it is essential to develop the exclusive en-board unit for the vehicles and find the method that supplements the receiving limitation of the GPS coordinates inside tunnels. Additionally, this system can be used to regulate illegal acts automatically such as illegal negligence of hazardous materials. And the system can be applied to the study about an application scheme as a guideline for transporting hazardous materials because there is no certain management system and act of toxic substances in Korea.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2012

This paper looks to extract personality traits from the drama characters within a drama script, and to apply it them to a character that has an artificial emotion. The method of applying the personality of a character from a drama script is as follows. First, we separate a drama script into several pieces, by the characters therin. Next, we extract emotion-related terms by matching morphemes analysis and by using an emotion terms database. Next, we analyze a dominant emotion using extracted emotion terms. Finally last, we apply the analyzed dominant emotion to an equation pertaining to artificial emotion. We made progress in developing user evaluation that features blind testing, to verify that the artificial emotion character bears the personality of a drama character. We apply three drama character personalities to artificial emotion characters bearing the same appearance. The user had to match three artificial emotion characters and drama characters according to personality. The users had a high percentage of correct answers, thus confirming the efficacy of our method of applying a personality, using information from a drama script.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.41-53
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• 2004

This study introduces the process of the field test of ETCS that has been performed by six enterprises for selecting the type of ETCS that will be applied to the internal tall roads. The main communication modes of six enterprises are active RF(radio wave)type and IR(optical wave)type. In this study, communication modes and systems, which are being used by each enterprises, have been compared and analyzed. Besides this, the configuration and the basic performances of the system have been checked. After those, the contents of the field performance test classified by the items of the test and the results of the test, finally, have been analyzed. Through analyzing the test, it is found that an enterprise using IR type and two enterprises using RF type satisfied the standards of the test and the others failed to meet the standards. However, the enterprises seem to be becoming stable by a large number of tests and the effort for improving from general point of view. Although the methods of performance evaluation in this field test considered enough patterns that are used in the present highway or Hi-Pass, there might possibly be some problems in the results because Korea Highway Corporation had decided the method and the number of times of the test according to their own standards about the various situations that can happen. Therefore, it will be needed to develop the method of standards for testing the performance which can be correspond with driver's behavior that can actually happen on the highway or the methods of transportation management.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2015

Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) are useful for determining the software release date or additional testing efforts by using software failure data. It is not appropriate for a SRGM to apply to all software. And besides a large number of SRGMs have already been proposed to estimate software reliability measures. Therefore selection of an optimal SRGM for use in a particular case has been an important issue. The existing methods for selecting a SRGM use the entire collected failure data. However, initial failure data may not affect the future failure occurrence and, in some cases, it results in the distorted result when evaluating the future failure. In this paper, we suggest a method for selecting a SRGM based on the evaluation goodness-of-fit using partial data. Our approach uses partial data except for inordinately unstable failure data in the entire failure data. We will find a portion of data used to select a SRGM through the comparison between the entire failure data and the partial failure data excluded the initial failure data with respect to the predictive ability of future failures. To justify our approach this paper shows that the predictive ability of future failures using partial data is more accurate than using the entire failure data with the real collected failure data.