• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.229-234
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• 2020

This paper presents the design and the implementation of CRESTIVE-DX, a concolic testing tool that distribute the concolic testing process over the embedded target system and the host system for efficient test generation of a target embedded program. CRESTIVE-DX conducts the execution of a target program on the target embedded system to consider possible machine-dependent behaviors of a target program execution, and conducts machine-independent parts, such as search-strategy heuristics, constraint solving, on host systems with high-speed computation unit, and coordinates their concurrent executions. CRESTIVE-DX is implemented by extending an existing concolic testing tool for C programs CREST. We conducted experiments with a test bed that consists of an embedded target system in the Arm Cortex A54 architecture and host systems in the x86-64 architecture. The results of experiments with Unix utility programs Grep, Busybox Awk, and Busybox Ed show that test input generation of CRESTIVE-DX is 1.59 to 2.64 times faster than that of CREST.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.567-575
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• 2021

This study was aimed to identify surgical ward nurses' importance-performance awareness toward early mobilization after abdominal surgery patients. The date were collected from 162 nurses and the importance and performance of early mobilization were analyzed by the IPA method. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 by implementing descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Early mobilization was divided into exercise of pulmonary complications and early ambulation. As a result of the study, the areas requiring concentration were 'check risk of aspiration', and areas requiring improvement were 'oral care', 'check lung sound', 'percussion/vibration', 'suction', and 'reinforcement exercise in bed'. Therefore, each item of early mobilization is recommended to reduce the gap between importance and performance in clinical care.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.1149-1154
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to select representative observation stations for winter observation equipment performance tests and to present indoor and outdoor conditions for performance tests by considering snowfall, snowfall days, latitude, and altitude distribution for observation stations operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Using the snowfall data observed during the winter for 30 years (1981-2010), ten representative observation stations are selected to consider the classification of snowfall days by class, latitude, and altitude distribution of observation stations. As a result of analysis, the suitable point for outdoor experiments was selected as Daegwallyeong, the average number of snowfall days and snowfall days of 5cm or more were 57.5 and 13.2 days, respectively. The indoor experimental conditions are considered to be suitable under temperatures of -15 to 5℃ and humidity of 50% or higher. Results of this research can be used as basic information for conditions and test beds for performance tests of equipment that can respond to heavy snow disasters in winter.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2006

A PDA is used mainly for downloading data from a stationary server such as a desktop PC in an infrastructure network based on wireless LAN. Thus, the overall performance depends heavily on the performance of such downloading with PDA. Unfortunately, for a PDA the time taken to receive data from a PC is longer than the time taken to send it by 53%. Thus, we measured and analyzed all possible factors that could cause the receiving time of a PDA to be delayed with a test bed system. There are crucial factors: the TCP window size, file access time of a PDA, and the inter-packet delay that affects the receiving time of a PDA. The window size of a PDA during the downstream is reduced dramatically to 686 bytes from 32,581 bytes. In addition, because flash memory is embedded into a PDA, writing data into the flash memory takes twice as long as reading the data from it. To alleviate these, we propose three distinct remedies: First, in order to keep the window size at a sender constant, both the size of a socket send buffer for a desktop PC and the size of a socket receive buffer for a PDA should be increased. Second, to shorten its internal file access time, the size of an application buffer implemented in an application should be doubled. Finally, the inter-packet delay of a PDA and a desktop PC at the application layer should be adjusted asymmetrically to lower the traffic bottleneck between these heterogeneous terminals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.330-337
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• 2018

Recently, there has been a growing interest in user-centered smart city services. In this study, user behavior analysis was performed as a preliminary study for user - centered smart city service planning. In particular, we will use GIS based location analysis data and video ethonography methodology to derive smart city service direction and needs. In this study, the area of Daejeon Design District selected as the Smart City Test bed was selected as the survey area and the location analysis data of the traffic accident analysis system of the road traffic corporation and the fixed camera We observed user's behavior type and change with image data extracted through the technique. Location analysis data is classified according to the type of accident, and image data is classified into 11 subdivided types of user activities. The problems and specificities observed were analyzed. The user behavior characteristics investigated through this study are meaningful to provide a basis for suggesting user - centered smart city services in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.389-400
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analysis factors related to in-hospital mortality of community-acquired peumonia using administrative database. The subjects were 5,353 community-acquired pneumonia inpatients of the Korean National Hospital Discharge Injury Survey 2004-2006 data. The data were analyzed using chi-squared test and decision tree model in the data mining technique. Among the decision tree model, C4.5 had the best performance. The critical factors on in-hospital mortality of communityacquired pneumonia are admission route, respiratory failure, congenital heart failure including age, comorbidity, and bed size. This study was carried out using the administrative database including patients' characteristics and comorbidity. However further study should be extensively including hospital characteristics, regional medical resources, and patient management practice behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.177-200
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• 2017

In a new technological environment such as big data and AI, LOD will link record information resources with various data from both inside and outside. At the heart of this connection is the interlinking technology, and interlinked LOD will realize the opening of record information as the highest level of open data. Given the ever-increasing amount of records, automation through interlinking algorithms is essential in building LODs. Therefore, this paper analyzed the structure of record information interlinking with the external data and characteristics of the record information to be considered when interconnecting. After collecting samples from the CAMS data of the National Archives, we constructed a record information's LOD. After that, we conducted a test bed that automatically interlinks the personal information of the record metadata with DBPedia. This confirms the automatic interlinking process and the performance and accuracy of the automation technology. Through the implications of the testbed, we have identified the considerations of the record information resources of the LOD interlinking process.

• Journal of The Korean Society For Urban Railway
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2018

Recently, a safety control platform to monitor the safety of train operation in real time and prevent accidents and risks through control is under study. In the initial design, DDS communication method supporting distributed network is adopted for real-time processing of large amount of data according to the integration of existing distributed safety data. However, communication between server and console inside the safety control platform is applied to existing TCP socket communication. In the case of TCP socket communication, it is possible to process data for a small system of a safety control test bed by one-to-one communication. However, if the data is expanded all over the country in the future, it becomes difficult to cope with a case where communication traffic occurs due to vast amount of data. In this paper, we propose DDS communication method to support distributed network between server and console of security control platform, and demonstrate TCP socket and DDS method, and compare throughput and speed. As a result, we have found that the scalability and flexibility are improved in case of applying DDS communication to future systems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 1993

Relaxation technique is an independent nursing intervention used in various stressful situations. Relaxation techniques must be explored regarding relaxing imaginations used by the people in their traditional life experiences. So for Korean relaxation techniques to become culturally acceptable and effective imaginations of relaxation must be developed. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in relaxation levels of Koreans according to five relaxation imaginations and five groups and to analyze the factors influencing relaxation techniques for Korean people. The subjects were 38 hospitalized patients, 21 rural residents, 56 housewives, 16 researchers and 59 nursing students. Data were collected from September 4 to October 24, 1991 by interview or self-re-port questionnaires. The measurement tool was the graphic rating scale of relaxation levels. The data analysis was done by percent, ANOVA and Scheffe test using the SAS program. The. results of study are summerized as follows : 1. The relaxation level of Koreans was significantly different for the five relaxation imaginations (F=5.95, P=0.0001). Relaxation level of ‘after bathing imagination’ was 6.90, ‘in bed imagination’ was 6.55, ‘in the mountain imagination’ was 6.01, ‘snow and fireplace imagination’ was 5.84 and ‘at the seashore imagination’ was 5.80. As a result of the Scheffe test, ‘after bathing imagination’ was found to show a higher relaxation level than ‘at the sea-shore imagination’ ‘in the mountain imagination’ and ’snow and fireplace imagination(P〈.05). 2. The relaxation levels of the Koreans were not different for the five groups(F=1.26, P=0.29). 3. There were no differences in the relaxation level of the koreans according to sex, age, place of residence, place of residence during childhood, marital status, religion or educational status. In conclusion, Korean people prefer the ‘relaxation imagination of after bathing’ to western style relaxation imagination of ‘at the seashore imagination’ and ‘snow and fireplace imagination’.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.212-221
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of foot reflexology on premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in female college students. The research design of this study was a quasi-experimental design. Of the forty female college students, twenty were assigned to the experimental group and, twenty to the control group. The data were obtained over 2 months(November 26, 2001 to January 31, 2002) from a nursing of C college located in S city. The instrument used to assess premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea was Keele's VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and opening records. Subjects in the experimental group received foot reflexology for 6 times with 1 hours during 60 days, and subjects assigned to the control group did not receive foot reflexology. Data were analysed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, unpaired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA, using SAS Program. The results of the study are as follow, 1.The symptoms which the group of experimental and the group of control discomforts the most are sensitiveness(35%), abdominal pain (30%),lower abdominal pain (30%) and lumbago (20%). The method of relieve premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea by which the subjects employ the most to solve their premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea is the getting along by enduring(67.5%) and bed rest (32.5%). 2.The mean score of the premenstrual syndromes and dysmenorrhea before foot reflexology was 8.35, it was 4.16 at the first menstruation after foot reflexology and 3.25 at the second menstruation for the experimental group. 3.The relieved symptoms after foot reflexology was fatigue(50%), insomnia(40%), abdominal pain(35%), lower abdominal pain (30%) and constipation(30%). Foot reflexology was effective in improve the symptoms of the female college students who have the premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.