• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems in the consumption life of household over the family life cycle so that they would support to select the consumer education subjects and the establish the long-term household plan. For these purposes, a survey was conducted using questionnaire. The data used in this study included 562 homemakers living in Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency distribution, Mean, Percentile, One-way Anova, Scheffie-test, Multiple Classification Analysis. Major findings were as follows; 1) In the level of the problems in the consumption life of household, housing problem, durable goods problem, healthy-medical problem and child education problem area were in the low level. Leisure problem and properties management problem area were in the high level. 2) The problems in the consumption life of household differed significantly over the family life cycle. 3) When controlling family monthly income and education level of husband was compared with not-controlling them, the influences of family life cycle on the problems in the consumption life were as follows. (1)At housing problem area, the effect of the FLC was higher in controlling them than not-controlling them. (2) At other problems the effects of the FLC was lower or same in controlling them than not-controlling them.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2004

The recycle of domestic waste concrete is, however, still in an early stage, and it has been only partially being used for the road fillers. As a counter-plan of activating recycled concrete, we have confirmed the hydration possibility of the waste concrete powder from the experiment on recycling the aggregate powder since 2000. Though that study, we have known that the strength is increasing when the baking time is longer, and baking temperature maintain in $700^{\circ}C$. Also, the quality is lowered because of the fine aggregate powder which has a bad influence on flowability & compression strength by adhesion of mortar on the aggregate face. Therefore, mortar and interfacial separation of aggregate are large in proper quality for concrete recycling is expected that affect. The purpose of this study is to investigate effective aggregate separation and to determine the most suitable production method controlling the duration of baking time for recycled cement from the compressive strength, X-ray diffraction and ingredient analysis test.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting shiftwork tolerance among nurses and provide basic data, ultimately, in formulating a plan for improving their shiftwork tolerance. Methods: The participants were 317 nurses who were working at three general hospitals in Daejeon and Seoul. Data analyzed t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 program. Results: As for the sub-areas of shiftwork tolerance for the respondents, more than a half of nurses working at shifts suffered from insomnia, felt drowsy, complained of chronic fatigue, and were at the anxious and depressed state. Shiftwork tolerance differed by the daily intake of coffee and exercise. Shiftwork tolerance was significantly positively correlated with sleep-wake habits, hardiness, and flexibility and negatively correlated with a languidity. Regression analysis revealed that shiftwork tolerance was affected by age, sleep-wake habits, languidity, flexibility, and hardiness. Conclusion: To put the results, nurses had shiftwork tolerance affected by sleep-wake habits, languidity, and hardiness. It is therefore necessary to make a scheme for allowing nurses to improve hardiness and flexibility and decrease the languidity with the objective of improving their shiftwork tolerance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.32-38
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• 2016

In general, lots of containers including various dangerous materials are transported to the port located in big cities such as Busan where massive residents live. Thus, it's really important how to make the emergency response for the leak accidents of dangerous materials and evaluate the direct or indirect damages to adjacent areas. In this study, in order to make reasonable emergency plans, CA (Consequence Analysis) is employed after selecting a key hazardous and noxious material, hydrogen fluroide. This material accounts for the third largest portion of cargo volume among all dangerous materials and can cause a huge damage in case of leakages. As a case study, Busan North port is selected as a test port since the portion of dangerous materials is higher than that of other ports in Busan. It is assumed that 1 ton of hydrogen fluoride is spilled at Busan North port. CA is performed to assess the impact of this accident. Throughout CA, the ERPG-2 range of a leak accident can be evaluated and this result can be used for decision making tools for mitigating the impact of a leak accident. To mitigate the damage of this accident, suitable a protective equipment and resident evacuation procedures should be prepared. Finally, this study can provide a systematic approach to make the emergency plan for reducing economical and personal losses.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

The foundations are classified into shallow and deep, which have important differences: in terms of geometry, the behavior of the soil, its structural functionality, and its constructive systems. The shallow foundations may be of various types according to their function; isolated footings, combined footings, strip footings, and slabs foundation. The isolated footings are of the type rectangular, square and circular. The combined footing may be rectangular, trapezoidal or T-shaped in plan. This paper presents a new model for T-shaped combined footings to obtain the most economical contact surface on the soil (optimal dimensioning) to support an axial load and moment in two directions to each column. The new model considers the soil real pressure, i.e., the pressure varies linearly. The classical model uses the technique of test and error, i.e., a dimension is proposed, and subsequently, the equation of the biaxial bending is used to obtain the stresses acting on each vertex of the T-shaped combined footing, which must meet the conditions following: The minimum stress should be equal or greater than zero, and maximum stress must be equal or less than the allowable capacity that can withstand the soil. To illustrate the validity of the new model, numerical examples are presented to obtain the minimum area of the contact surface on the soil for T-shaped combined footings subjected to an axial load and moments in two directions applied to each column.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.400-409
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to identify the correlations among climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior in middle-aged women. Method: 1.360 women between 40-60 years of age living in Incheon, were asked to complete a questionnaire on their health. The data was collected between October 10th and October 30th, 2002. The data was analyzed using T-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS/pc program. Result: The variables significantly affecting climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior were education, perceived health status and family health - problems. The relationship between knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior was statistically significant with a positive correlation. Conclusion: The knowledge of menopause by middle aged women was in positively correlated with health promoting behavior. Therefore, based on this study, we plan to develop a health education program to promote knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to elucidate the perception differences between CEOs and employees, and to derive a plan for improving performance by using theory of planned behavior (TPB) to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs exposed to various difficulties until recently. Research design, data and methodology - A total of 238 valid questionnaires were collected for CEOs and members of SMEs. In order to clarify the difference of perception, independent sample t-test and multi-group analysis using AMOS were conducted. Simple regression analysis and structural equation were used to confirm whether the theory of planned behavior was applied at the level of SME. Results - The CEO group is more aware of company's ethical responsibility activities and organizational support than the group of employees, and collectivism contributes more to organizational development than individualism tendency. Also, the theory of planned behavior is applied to the SME level as well. Conclusion - This study suggest that CEOs need to accept the pluralism of their members for the development of SMEs. In addition, it is necessary to form a consensus on ethical responsibility activities that corporations are performing by supporting diverse strategies and members' participation in management decision-making.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-173
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• 2005

The Main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between shopping orientations and Knit wear Buying Behavior of female college students in the U.S. age 18 to 33. The questionnaires for this survey were developed to measure knitwear purchasing behavior, including sources of information about knitwear, evaluative criteria of knit wear product, attributes f store preference for knitwear, and shopping orientation. The questionnaire was administered to 119 female college students in the University of California. The data was analyzed by percentage, frequency, mean, factor analysis, Cluster Analysis and ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range test. The female college students were classified into five subdivisions by cluster analysis; cautious shopping group, recreational shopping group, self-confident shopping group, shopping indifferent group, price conscious shopping group. In the case of fashion information sources of knit wear, significant differences were found according to shopping orientation subdivision in observation of others' and famous people's clothing, fashion shows, fashion articles in magazines, newspapers, and on the Internet, and shop displays. The evaluation criteria of knit wear product were significantly different depending on shopping orientation subdivision in fashionable, brand and store name, appropriate for different occasion, prestige. The store attributes of knitwear were significantly different depending on shopping orientation subdivision in product knowledge of sales personnel, store atmosphere, display of merchandise, layaway payment plan, price level, ease of parking and access, and new fashion.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.571-581
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• 2016

Purpose. This study was to identify the relationship between self-directed learning and nursing student's satisfaction of clinical practice. Methods. This study was designed to measure the level of satisfaction according to the contents, guidance, environment, time, and the evaluation of clinical practice. Two hundred thirty-one nursing student from baccalaureate program in H-gun was sampled. A scale consisting of 75 questions, developed by the researcher, was used to gather data from September 14 through 27, 2012. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test, pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results. The results were summarized : Self-directed learning didn't show a significant different by grade(t=0.83, p=.934). Nursing student's satisfaction of clinical practice didn't show a significant different by grade(t=0.26, p=.798). The relationship between self-directed learning correlated with the degree of nursing student's satisfaction in clinical practice(r=.44, p<.001). The factors of self-directed learning described nursing student's satisfaction of clinical practice as $R^2$=.215(F=9.858, p<.001). Conclusions. It was found that a higher degree of satisfaction in clinical practice depends on a higher degree of self-directed learning. Therefore, nursing faculty should plan intervention to improve satisfaction level of clinical practice by fostering self-directed learning.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.55-60
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• 2003

As operating time of heat exchangers progresses, fouling generated by water-borne deposits increases and thermal performance decreases. The fouling is known to interfere with normal flow characteristics and reduce thermal efficiencies of heat exchangers. The heat exchangers of nuclear power plants have been analyzed in terms of the heat flux and heat transfer coefficient at test conditions based on the ASME OM-S/G-Part 2 as a means of heat exchanger management. It is hard to estimate the heat performance trend and to establish the future management plan. This paper describes the fouling evaluation method which can evaluate the thermal performance for heat exchangers and estimate the future fouling variations and the plugging margin evaluation method which can reflect the current fouling level developed in this study. To develop the fouling and plugging margin evaluation methods for heat exchangers, fouling factor was introduced based on the ASME O&M codes and TEMA standards. For the purpose of verifying the two evaluation methods, the fouling and plugging margin evaluations were performed for a component cooling heat exchanger in a nuclear power plant.