• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

Objective: We aimed to identify the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on pain, hip range of motion, and functional disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: In total, 45 patients with chronic low back pain were randomly divided into a conventional stretching group (n=22) and a PNF stretching group (n=23). Both interventions were performed three times per week for 6 weeks. Assessments were made using the visual analog scale, Flexion-Abduction-External Rotation test, modified Thomas test, prone hip extension test, and Oswestry disability index before and after the 6-week intervention period. We conducted a paired t-test to compare the within-group findings before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare the between-group differences. The statistical significance level was set at α=0.05, for all variables. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in pain, hip range of motion, and functional disability after the intervention (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed in pain, hip range of motion, and functional disability in patients belonging to the PNF stretching group (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the application of PNF stretching can effectively reduce pain and improve hip range of motion and functional disability in patients with chronic low back pain.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2003

에너지 관련 플랜트에 사용되는 배관은 플랜트의 성능이나 안전성유지에 있어서 중요한 설비의 일부이다. 본 연구에서는 고압탄소강 배관의 변형 및 파괴에 대한 음향방출 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 압력용기용 배관재를 기계가공하여 인장시험편을 만든 후, 인장시험을 실시하여 항복, 소성변형 및 파괴에 이르기까지의 음향방출 신호를 분석하였다. 탄성영역, 최대인장강도 이전의 소성영역 및 최대인장강도 이후의 소성영역에서 검출된 음향방출의 시간-주파수 분석 결과는 탄성영역에서 항복영역까지는 비교적 낮은 저주파수 대역(250${\~}$350kHz)이 나타났으며, 소성영역에서는 저주파수뿐만 아니라 고주파수 대역(500kHz)도 나타났다. 인장시험 후, 이러한 각 영역의 구별이 가능하였던 원인은 항복영역에서의 전위의 이동, 집적에 따른 신호와 최대인장강도 이전의 소성영역에서의 전위들이 개재물이나 결정입계를 통과했을 때 나타나는 신호, 최대인장강도 이후에는 미소공동의 발생, 성장 및 합체에 의하여 나타나는 신호로 분류가 가능하였기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1993

This study was a clinical Quasi-experiment to examine the effects of the range of motion exercise on powerlessness and life satisfaction among the E-Institutionalized elderly in Pusan. The purpose was to test the effect of the range of motion exercises on powerlessness and life satis-faction, and to examine the correlation between powerlessness and life satisfaction. The subjects for this study were 54 elderly people, both were over 60 and residing at I-Institution in Pusan. The research samples of 54 elderly were divided into an experimental and control group by matching randomized assignment. The instruments for this study were the Assessment Tool of Powerlessness in the elderly developed by Miller, Life satisfaction developed by Yoon Jin, and the Active-Passive Range of Motion Exercise Program which was developed and utilized by Shin, Jae-Shin. The data were collected from December 15, 1990 to November 1991. The paired t-test, t-test and ANCOVA were used to test hypothesis I and II, related to the Effect of the Range of Motion Exercises to powerlessness and life satisfaction. To identify the relationship of the range of motion exercises to powerlessness and life satisfaction, path analysis was done through multiple regression. The interrelationship of the variables was analyzed using t-test paired t-test. The results of the three hypothesis can be summarized as follows : 1. Hypothesis I -the experimental group which participated in the Range of Motion Exercise gets lower powerlessness score than that of the control group-was accepted by t-test (t = -3.40, p = .001) but not accepted by ANCOVA (F = .1, p =.96). 2. Hypothesis II - the experimental group which participated in the Range of Motion Exercise gets a higher Life Satisfaction Score than that of the control group-was not supported by t-test(t = 1.01, p = .316) but was accepted by ANCOVA (F = 4.39, p = .006). 3. Hypothesis III - if the powerlessness Score becomes higher, the Life Satisfaction Score will be-come lower - was accepted by Pearson Correlation Coefficient (pre-exercise : r : -.34, p=.006), (post exercise : r = -.06, p=.32) . The relation-ship between the score of powerlessness and life satisfaction was negatively correlated. The results obtained clearly showed that the effects of the range of motion exercises on powerlessness and life satisfaction are beneficial to the elderly The relation between the scores of powerlessness and life satisfaction was negatively correlated and the range of motion exercise had a direct influence to powerlessness. Therefore, it is concluded that the relationship between powerlessness and life satis-faction was not a causal one. Also it is concluded that the range of motion exercises can be applied as a nursing intervention to reduce powerlessness and to improve life satisfaction in the elderly.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

This study is to report the effectivenes of Meridian-Test (M-test) in 2 cases on shoulder diseases. The M-test was applied to one patient diagnosed with as impingement syndrome and one patient diagnosed with tear of supraspinatus tendon. The changes in numeral rating scale and range of motion were identified to assess the progress of the treatment. After three times treatments, In example 1, the pain decreased from 6 to 0.5 and the range of flexion and abduction increased from $150^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$. In example 2, the pain decreased from 6.5 to 1, and the range of shoulder flexion increased from $120^{\circ}$ to $170^{\circ}$, while the range of abduction increased from $90^{\circ}$ to $170^{\circ}$. Based on the above results, it would be effective to apply M-test to treat shoulder diseases in these two cases.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

PURPOSES : To ensure appropriate RCC properties with sufficient strength development and workability, it is necessary to secure a proper level of consistency. It is also necessary to secure maximum dry density, which is an important factor for increasing the interaction of aggregate interlocking, leading to an augmentation of RCC strength. On the other hand, the dry density of RCC can be changed owing to the compaction conditions, water content, and particle size distribution. A Proctor test and a modified Proctor test were used for determining the optimum water content needed to achieve maximum dry density with different amounts of compaction energy. A Vebe test, on the other hand, was used for checking the level of consistency, which is important for producing a workable mixture. METHODS : To confirm the degree of compaction at various particle sizes, RCC mixtures with different sand/aggregate ratios were evaluated. The Proctor test and modified Proctor test were applied to these mixtures to check the effect of the aggregate gradation and compaction energy on the maximum dry density and optimum water content. During each test, three specimens were produced for all types of water content under each aggregate gradation. A compaction curve and the optimum water content and maximum dry density for each aggregate gradation were then obtained for both tests. The range of water content for the appropriate consistency of each aggregate gradation was determined through a Vebe test. The optimum water content was then evaluated based on this range. RESULTS : The compaction test results show that the modified Proctor test provides a higher maximum dry density and lower optimum water content compared with the standard Proctor test. For the modified Proctor test, two cases of aggregate gradation (s/a = 30% and 70%) had the optimum water contents outside of the appropriate water content range. For the standard Proctor test, on the other hand, none of aggregate gradations provided the optimum water content within the desired range. CONCLUSIONS : The modified Proctor test should be used for an RCC mixture design because it can provide adequacy between maximum dry density and consistency. Moreover, the compaction roller has become highly developed for higher compaction energy.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the test-retest reliability of paper-pencil test for investigating population stereotype of burner-control linkages of four-stove gas ranges. Background: Much of the research on gas-range stereotype strength has been performed using the paper-pencil test. While the use of the paper-pencil tests has the advantage of collecting data in a large group of subjects against reasonable costs, concerns regarding the reliability of the paper-pencil test has also been stated. Method: Three paper-pencil tests classified by intervals of test-retest were performed, in which eight types of burner-control arrangements were investigated. Sixty eight subjects were test-retested within two weeks, 85 subjects were test-retested within four weeks and 58 subjects were test-retested three times in series with interval of two and four weeks. Results: Chi-square test showed that three intervals of test-retest including two, four and two & four weeks have not statistically significant effect on subjects' responses irrespective of eight types of burner-control linkages dealt with in this study(p>0.10). Concordance rates of subjects' responses ranged between 73.5% and 100.0% for two-week test-retest, between 67.1% and 97.6% for four-week test-retest, and between 65.5% and 100.0% for two- and four-week serial test-retest. The concordance rates were linearly correlated with proportion of subjects' responses for stereotypes of burnercontrol linkages. Conclusion: It is concluded that the paper-pencil tests for investigating gas range relevant stereotypes could reproduce reliable results compared to baseline test within interval of four weeks. Application: The results of this study would be useful as an ergonomic guideline when designing the paper-pencil tests for stereotype relevant studies.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.495-506
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• 2015

Volatility is a variation measure in finance for returns of a financial instrument over time. GARCH models have been a popular tool to analyze volatility of financial time series data since Bollerslev (1986) and it is said that volatility is highly persistent when the sum of the estimated coefficients of the squared lagged returns and the lagged conditional variance terms in GARCH models is close to 1. Regarding persistence, numerous methods have been proposed to test if such persistency is due to volatility shifts in the market or natural fluctuation explained by stationary long-range dependence (LRD). Recently, Lee et al. (2015) proposed a residual-based cumulative sum (CUSUM) test statistic to test volatility shifts in GARCH models against LRD. We propose a bootstrap-based approach for the residual-based test and compare the sizes and powers of our bootstrap-based CUSUM test with the one in Lee et al. (2015) through simulation studies.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2010

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Gamitaeeumjowi-tang(GTT) prescribed by doctors of korean(KMD) medicine on liver function. Methods For this single-center, prospective, observational study, we enrolled patients who wished to take GTT prescribed by KMD for losing weight. sixty(60) patients took GTT for 33.8 days and completed questionnaires. Liver function tests(LFTs) were performed bofore(first test) and after each GTT treatment(finish test). For LFT, T-bil, ALP, AST, ALT were measured. Result There were no significant changes in LFT data between the first and finish tests. At first test, levels of test seven(7) patients were more than twice of normal range of upper limit, levels of eight(8) patients were more than normal range of upper limit, less than twice of normal range of upper limit. At last test, levels of nine(9) patients were more than normal range of upper limit, less than twice of normal range of upper limit. Conclusion The current study showed that ingestion of GTT prescribed by KMD did not increase the frequency of abnormal LFTs, at least in the short term.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

An automatic TCXO frequency-temperature test apparatus was firstly developed by using thermoelectric device may. The developed system swing stably the test temperature range from -40$^{\circ}C$ to +80$^{\circ}C$ for about 1 hour The rising temperature ratio was fairly linear with time in this test temperature range. The temperature could be controlled error in error range of ${\pm}$0.05$^{\circ}C$ in this system. The frequency-Temperature properties of TCXO or the thermoelectric properties of other electric device.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2023

For one-shot systems such as 81mm high-explosive ammunition, research on performance prediction is insignificant due to research manpower infrastructure and lack of interest and difficulties in securing field data, which can only be done by special task workers. In order to evaluate the actual range of ammunition, the storage ammunition reliability evaluation checks the range by firing actual ammunition through a functional test. Test evaluation is a method of extracting a sample from the population, launching it, and recording the results accordingly. As a result of these tests, the range, which is an indicator of ammunition performance, can be measured differently according to meteorological factors such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity according to the location of the test site. In this study, various environmental factors generated at the test site and storage period analyze the correlation with the range, which is the performance of ammunition, and analyze the priority of importance for each factor and the numerical standards that environmental factors affect range. Through this, a new approach to one-shot system performance prediction was presented.