• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.249-252
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• 2005

Recently, as the industrial demand for small quantity batch production of sheet metal components, the application of dieless forming technology to production of these component rise with the advantages of the reduction in manufacturing cost and time. In dieless forming processes, the determination of moving path of tool plays an important role in producing successfully formed parts. In order to obtain the optimized moving path of tool avoiding forming failure, it is necessary to examine the forming limit of sheet material. Therefore, in this study, as the new criterion to evaluate the formability of sheet material in dieless forming processes FDD(feeding depth diagram) with respect to feeding depth and punch diameter is proposed. Thus, the FDD for the sheet materials of STS304 and Ti-grade2 were obtained from a series of FDT(feeding depth test). In addition the possibility of the application of FLD in judging forming severity in dieless forming processes was investigated by comparing the results of FE analyses based on FLD and experimental FDT.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess more effective exercise prescription for the people with chronic neck pain by comparing stretching exercise and isometric exercise about strength and pain. Method : The research design of the study was that 20 young adults with mild neck disability (5-14 out of 50 in Neck Disability Index) were randomized into 2 groups and underwent stretching exercise(10 peoples) and isometric exercise(10 peoples) at 3 times a week for 5weeks. Measures of pain scale (Visual Analog Scale) and Muscle strength of deep neck flexor (Pressure Biofeedback) were assessed before and after intervention. The pre and post exercise results were compared using paired t-test and the effectiveness of intervention of two groups were compared using Independent t test. Results : The results of this study were that pain reduction was seen after stretching and isometric exercise and significantly difference. There was significantly improvement of cervical flexor strength after stretching and isometric exercise. But, there was no significant difference between stretching and isometric exercise groups. Conclusion : The stretching and isometric exercise for chronic neck pain patients may use according to preference of patient because the effects of treatment was same. Further studies are needed to analyzed psycho social factors, cost effects, group approach.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

Presently, 3D printers manufactured by material extrusion are economical and easy to use, so they are being used in various fields. However, this study conducted a tensile test on the infill pattern and density of the PLA+ material, due to the limitations of long printing time as well as low mechanical strength. The infill area for the infill density change was measured, using a vision-measuring machine for four infill patterns (concentric, zigzag, honeycomb, and cross) in which the nozzle path was the same for each layer. The tensile strength/weight[MPa/g] and tensile strength/printing time[MPa/min] of the tensile specimens were analyzed. In this study, efficient infill density and patterns are suggested, for cost reduction and productivity improvement. Consequently, it was confirmed that the infill area and infill percentage of the four patterns, were not constant according to the infill pattern. And the tensile strength of the infill density 40% of the honeycomb pattern and infill density 20% of the cross pattern, tended to highly consider the weight and printing time. Honeycomb and cross patterns could reduce the weight of the tensile specimen by 19.11%, 28.07%, as well as the printing time by 29.56%, 52.25%. Tensile strength was high in the order of concentric, zigzag, honeycomb, and cross patterns, considering the weight and printing time.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.241-254
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• 2017

Drawing a sample can be costly or time consuming in some studies. However, it may be possible to rank the sampling units according to some baseline auxiliary covariates, which are easily obtainable, and/or cost efficient. Ranked set sampling (RSS) is a method to achieve this goal. In this paper, we propose a modified approach of the RSS method to allocate units into an experimental study that compares L groups. Computer simulation estimates the empirical nominal values and the empirical power values for the test procedure of comparing L different groups using modified RSS based on the regression approach in analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models. A comparison to simple random sampling (SRS) is made to demonstrate efficiency. The results indicate that the required sample sizes for a given precision are smaller under RSS than under SRS. The modified RSS protocol was applied to an experimental study. The experimental study was designed to obtain a better understanding of the pathways by which positive experiences (i.e., goal completion) contribute to higher levels of happiness, well-being, and life satisfaction. The use of the RSS method resulted in a cost reduction associated with smaller sample size without losing the precision of the analysis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1994

The United States adopted DRG based prospective payment system (PPS) in order to control the inflation of health care costs. No study used statistical test while many studies reported the cost containing effect of the PPS. To study impacts of the PPS on the Medicare expenditure, this study set the following three hypotheses (1) The PPS decelerated the increase in the hospital expenditure (Part A), (2) the PPS accelerated the increase in the expenditure of outpatients and physicians (Part B), (3) the increase in total expenditure was decelerated inspite of the spill over (substitution) effect because saving in the Part A expenditure were greater than losses in the Part B expenditure. The dependent variables are per capita hospital expenditure, per capita Part B expenditure, and per capita total expenditure for the Medicare beneficiaries. An intervention analysis, which added intervention effect to the time series variation on the Box-Jenkins model, was used. The observations included 120 months from 1978 to 1987. The results are as follows : (1) The annual increase in the per capita Part A expenditure was $5.11 after the implementation of DRG where as that before the PPS had been $11.1. The effect of the reduction ($5.99) was statistically significient (t=-3.9). (2) The spill over (substitution) effect existed because the annual increase in the per capita Part B expenditure was accelerated by $1.73 (t=1.91) after the implementation of the PPS. (3) The increase in the total Medicare expenditure per capita was reduced by $4.26 (t=-2.19) because the spill over effect was less than cost savings in the Part A expenditure.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.537-543
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• 2016

KF-16의 1/33 축소 모형 공력 데이터베이스를 기반으로 풍동실험에 적응적 실험설계법을 적용하는 경우 실험의 정확도뿐만 아니라 풍동 실험에 소요되는 비용을 최소화할 수 있도록 추가 실험점 선택 방법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 라틴방격법을 이용하여 초기실험점을 선택하였고, Gaussian Process를 통해 불확실성이 가장 크면서도 실험에 소요되는 비용이 상대적으로 적은 추가 실험점을 선택하였다. 공력계수 모델링은 가장 비선형성이 큰 피칭모멘트계수를 정확히 모델링 하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 실험 비용을 고려한 적응적 실험설계법을 적용한 경우, 기존의 적응적 실험설계 방법론에 비해 모델의 정확도와 실험에 소요되는 비용에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

제조업에 있어 효율적인 제조공정을 위해 기업의 생산성 향상 및 원가절감은 현 제조기업의 절실한 과제이다. 효율적인 제조공정 설계와 생산성향상을 위해 동작분석 및 가상현실기반의 테스트베드 연계시스템을 활용하여 불필요한 요소제거를 통해 효율적인 제조공정 방법을 연구한다. 가상의 사전 공정배치 시뮬레이션을 통한 최적화 검증 후 작업라인을 구축할 경우 추가적인 공정 수정 또는 보완에 소요되는 비용을 절감하고, 이는 결과적으로 기업의 제조경쟁력 향상이라는 실질적 효과를 도출할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 설계기간 단축, 설비개선, 자동화, 인간공학 실현, 프로세스 개선 등을 하여 생산성 향상, 품질 향상, 비용절감뿐만 아니라 안전 및 건강에 대한 직원만족을 달성할 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2004

지중매설구조물의 하중저감과 관련하여 미국과 캐나다에서는 점토, 이토, 지푸라기 등의 압축재를 이용한 유도고랑 관거(induced-trench)기법에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 일본과 노르웨이 등에서는 압축재로서 EPS 블럭을 이용한 하중 저감 방안에 대한 현장 시험시공을 통한 연구가 수행된 바 있다. 이와 같이 아칭효과를 극대화시키는 재료인 EPS 블록을 이용한 고성토 매설구조물 구축공법은 작용하중 저감에 따른 경제적인 구조물 단면의 선정, 구조물의 안정성 증대, 시공의 용이성 등 많은 장점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 연성 관거인 파형강관에 대한 토압 저감을 대상으로 아칭재인 EPS의 아칭 효과에 따른 토압 저감 효과를 분석하였다. 일련의 EPS를 이용한 하중 저감 평가시험이 수행되었으며, 현장 시험을 기초로 한 수직 토압 저감효과는 일반적인 연성관거에 비해 약 35∼40% 정도인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2020

Using the waste(sand wastr and boiler ash) in fluidized bed inciverator, lightweight aggregate concrete was produced and a recycling plan was prepated. The first, the result of the leaching test shows that the waste fluid sand and boiler ash did not exceed the effluent standard. This indicates that there is no harmful effect for recycling. The second, in the lightweight aggregate test using waste fluid sand and boiler ash, the sample that combined cement, waste fluid sand, and sand showed the highest compressive strength, and the mix proportion was 10: 7: 3. Lightweight aggregate concrete that combined cement, waste fluid sand, boiler ash, and sand had a low compressive strength by and large. The third, the same results were identified in the relation between the content of SiO₂ and that of Na₂O. As the SiO₂ content is lowered, the overall viscosity and plasticity of the concrete also decrease, which is not a good condition to form concrete. As for Na₂O, as the content increases, the viscosity of the sample and the viscosity of the cement are remarkably lowered, and the strength of the finished concrete is lowered. Therefore, it was concluded that the higher the content of SiO₂ and the lower the content of Na₂O, the more suitable it is to mix with cement to produce concrete. Fourth, from the fluidized bed incinerator currently operated by company A in city B, a total of 14,188 tons/year were discharged as of 2016, including 8,355 tons/year of bottom ash (including waste fluid sand) and 5,853 tons/year of boiler ash. The cost for landfill bottom ash and boiler ash discharged is 51,000 won/ton, and the total annual landfill cost is 723,588,000 won/ year. Assuming that the landfill tax to be applied from the year 2018 is about 10,000 won/ton, and if there is no reduction in waste disposal charge, an additional landfill tax of 141,880,000 won/year will be imposed. Consequently, the sum total of the annual landfill cost will be 865,468,000 won/year. Therefore, if the entire amount is used for recycling, the annual savings of about 8.7 billion won can be expected.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 전열해석 프로그램인 피지벨(PHYSIBEL)을 사용하여 블라인드 내장형 창호시스템의 일사차단성능 및 단열성능에 따른 에너지 성능을 평가하였다. 피지벨 해석시 창호별 구성 재료의 열적특성과 해석조건을 결정하기 위해서 Mock-up시험을 실시하였으며, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통한 결과를 바탕으로 공동주택 기준층 1개 세대(33평형)를 대상으로 연간에너지 소비특성, 연간전열량, 연간 냉난방 비용을 분석하였다. 실험결과, 연간전열량은 일반 창호시스템 대비 블라인드 내장형 창호시스템에서 블라인드를 올린 경우 냉방시 10%, 난방시 11% 절감할 수 있으며, 블라인드를 내린 경우 냉방시 25%, 난방시 30%정도를 절감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 블라인드 내장형 창호시스템의 냉 난방 부하 절감량은 일반 창호시스템에 비해 냉방시 283.3KWh, 난방시 76.3KWh 로 냉 난방 에너지 절감효과는 단위세대당 359.6KWh 절감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이것은 단위세대당 연간 에너지원단위(TOE) 약 0.078toe, 이산화탄소톤($tCO_2$) $0.16tCO_2$을 절감시킬 수 있어 온실가스 저감에도 유리할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 블라인드 내장형 창호시스템의 냉 난방비용 절감액은 일반창호시스템과 비교하여 연간 냉방비용 10만원, 난방비용 5만원으로 연간 냉 난방 비용을 약 15만원 정도 절감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.